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Cakir IM, Bekci T, Aslan S, Eryuruk U. Comparison of Doppler Ultrasound and Clinical Features of Patients With and Without Femoral Hernia in Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency Patients. Ultrasound Q 2022; 38:322-327. [PMID: 36398886 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, we aim to evaluate Doppler ultrasound (US) and clinical features of patients with and without femoral hernia (FH) in lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) patients.We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data of 1364 limbs with the CVI suspected. Femoral hernia was detected in 32 of the limbs, and the control group was formed with 32 limbs without FH. All limbs were evaluated with Valsalva maneuver and augmentation method to detect venous reflux in FH group. Venous reflux rates in the Doppler US, venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs), and clinical classes of Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classification were compared statistically in both groups.The mean VCSS was 3.87 ± 0.74 in the FH group and 2.68 ± 0.65 in the control group, which was statistically significant ( P = 0.04). In the more severe clinical classes of Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology (C4-6), the number of limbs in the FH group was higher than in the control group (8 and 4, respectively). Doppler US examinations showed venous reflux in 22 of 32 limbs in the FH group and 19 of 32 patients in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.029). In the FH group, reflux could be shown only by augmentation method in the vast majority of limbs (16 of 22, 73%).In conclusion, VCSS and reflux rates are higher in limbs with CVI accompanied by FH. In addition, FH may cause false negative results in the evaluation of CVI. The use of augmentation method in limbs with FH can help avoid false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Mirac Cakir
- From the Department of Radiology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Aslan
- From the Department of Radiology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Uluhan Eryuruk
- From the Department of Radiology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, Turkey
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Sonographic "speech bubble/speech box sign" in clinically occult femoral hernias: ultrasound findings and anatomical basis. J Ultrasound 2020; 24:361-366. [PMID: 32504328 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Femoral hernia is the protrusion of a peritoneal sac through the femoral ring into the femoral canal lying deep and inferior to the inguinal ligament. The hernia sac usually contains preperitoneal fat, omentum, bowel, or fluid. Ultrasound is recommended as the first-line investigation for diagnosing clinically occult femoral hernias in nonemergency settings, whereas CT is the imaging of choice in emergency settings. High accuracy of the ultrasound in clinically occult femoral hernia is further validated with further CT and MRI. In this article, we propose sonographic detection of the physiological peritoneal fluid herniating through capacious femoral ring manifesting as a "speech bubble/speech box appearance." This is a potentially invaluable sonographic sign for clinically occult femoral hernias, differentiating them from inguinal hernias and cysts of the canal of Nuck in females and preventing inadvertent attempts to aspirate.
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Aneiros Castro B, Cano Novillo I, García Vázquez A, López Díaz M, Benavent Gordo MI, Gómez Fraile A. Pediatric femoral hernia in the laparoscopic era. Asian J Endosc Surg 2018; 11:233-237. [PMID: 29266814 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Femoral hernia is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition in childhood. The aim of our study was to demonstrate that the laparoscopic approach improves diagnostic accuracy and offers a safe and effective treatment. METHODS A retrospective study of 687 pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair from January 2000 to December 2015 was performed. RESULTS Femoral hernias were identified in 16 patients (2.3%). The right side was affected in 10 cases (62.5%), the left side in 5 (31.2%), and 1 case was bilateral (6.2%). The mean age of patients was 8.00 ± 3.81 years, and there was a male predominance. Preoperative diagnosis was femoral hernia in eight cases (50%) and indirect inguinal hernia in the remaining eight (50%). Seven children (43.8%) presented with hernia recurrence after having undergone an open ipsilateral indirect hernia repair. A modified laparoscopic McVay technique was performed in 12 cases (70.6%). An epigastric artery injury by trocar occurred in one patient. All operations were completed laparoscopically. The mean surgical time was 45.6 ± 22.9 min for unilateral cases and 110 ± 10.0 min for bilateral cases. No immediate postoperative complications were noted. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 0.6 ± 0.4 days. No recurrence was observed after a median follow-up of 11 years (range, 4-16 years). CONCLUSION Femoral hernia is a rare pathology in pediatric patients that is often difficult to diagnose. The laparoscopic approach is effective in the diagnosing and treating these hernias, and it allows for the simultaneous repair of multiple groin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María López Díaz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, 12 October Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Kwee RM, Kwee TC. Ultrasonography in diagnosing clinically occult groin hernia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:4550-4560. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cabarrus MC, Yeh BM, Phelps AS, Ou JJ, Behr SC. From Inguinal Hernias to Spermatic Cord Lipomas: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Mimics of Abdominal and Pelvic Hernias. Radiographics 2017; 37:2063-2082. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017170070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C. Cabarrus
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 (M.C.C., B.M.Y., A.S.P., S.C.B.); and Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, N.C. (J.J.O.)
| | - Benjamin M. Yeh
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 (M.C.C., B.M.Y., A.S.P., S.C.B.); and Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, N.C. (J.J.O.)
| | - Andrew S. Phelps
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 (M.C.C., B.M.Y., A.S.P., S.C.B.); and Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, N.C. (J.J.O.)
| | - Jao J. Ou
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 (M.C.C., B.M.Y., A.S.P., S.C.B.); and Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, N.C. (J.J.O.)
| | - Spencer C. Behr
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 (M.C.C., B.M.Y., A.S.P., S.C.B.); and Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, N.C. (J.J.O.)
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