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Bartie KL, Desbois AP. Aeromonas dhakensis: A Zoonotic Bacterium of Increasing Importance in Aquaculture. Pathogens 2024; 13:465. [PMID: 38921763 PMCID: PMC11207067 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas dhakensis is increasingly recognised to be an important pathogen responsible for disease losses in warm-water aquaculture and, similar to several other Aeromonas species, it can infect humans. Knowledge of A. dhakensis is accumulating, but this species remains relatively under-investigated compared to its close relative, Aeromonas hydrophila. The significance of A. dhakensis may have been overlooked in disease events of aquatic animals due to issues with reliable identification. Critical to appreciating the importance of this pathogen is the application of dependable molecular tools that enable accurate identification and discrimination from A. hydrophila and other motile aeromonads. This review aims to synthesise the key literature on A. dhakensis, particularly with relevance to aquaculture, including knowledge of the bacterium derived from disease case studies in aquatic hosts. Identification methods and strain phylogeny are discussed, with accurate detection important for prompt diagnosis and for distinguishing strains with heightened virulence. Increasing evidence suggests that A. dhakensis may be more virulent than A. hydrophila and correct identification is required to determine the zoonotic risks posed, which includes concerns for antibiotic-resistant strains. This review provides an impetus to improve species identification in the future and screen strain collections of presumptive Aeromonas spp. retrospectively to reveal the true prevalence and impact of A. dhakensis in aquaculture, the environment, and healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Bartie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
| | - Andrew P. Desbois
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Wang C, Wei N, Zhang M, Zhang X. Pulmonary infection with Aeromonas dhakensis in a patient with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1357714. [PMID: 38698785 PMCID: PMC11064645 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1357714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas dhakensis is a gram-negative bacterium. In recent years, Aeromonas dhakensis has gradually attracted increasing attention due to its strong virulence and poor prognosis. Clinical reports of pulmonary infection caused by Aeromonas dhakensis are rare. Case presentation A patient with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia experienced myelosuppression after chemotherapy, developed a secondary pulmonary infection with Aeromonas dhakensis and was hospitalized due to fever. The patient underwent testing for inflammatory markers, chest imaging, blood culture, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural drainage, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid and pleural fluid to obtain evidence of Aeromonas dhakensis infection, and was treated with four generations of cephalosporin combined with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The patient's condition significantly improved. Discussion Among pulmonary infectious pathogens, Aeromonas dhakensis is relatively rare. Once an Aeromonas strain is cultured in the clinical work, pathogenic sequencing should be performed on the detected samples for early accurate diagnosis and effective anti-infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Moyuan Zhang
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Xu C, Lin Q, Zhao Y, Zhu G, Jiang E, Li S, Mi Y, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Zhu X, Xiao Z, Han M, Wang J, Feng S. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of Aeromonas bloodstream infections in patients with hematological diseases. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:303. [PMID: 35351036 PMCID: PMC8962005 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the clinical features, risk factors and outcomes of Aeromonas bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with hematological diseases to establish an effective optimal therapy against it. METHODS A retrospective study was performed by reviewing medical records of patients admitted to a tertiary blood disease hospital in China. Patients with hematological diseases who suffered from Aeromonas bacteremia during January 2002 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS A total of 63 patients who developed Aeromonas bacteremia were enrolled in the study, and 91.9% of patients were neutropenic at the onset of BSIs. The major complications were skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) (22.2%), followed by gastroenteritis (19.0%) and pneumonia (14.3%). High carbapenem resistance rates (70.8% for imipenem, 71.4% for meropenem) were note among the cases. Furthermore, Aeromonas strains isolated from five individuals developed resistance to quinolone, β-lactams and tigecycline during the therapy. The 30-day mortality rate was 15.9%, while bacteremia with SSTI showed a much worse prognosis, with 50.0% (7/14) of the patients dying within 30 days of initiating the therapy. In the multivariate analysis, SSTI (OR = 28.72; 95% CI, 1.50-551.30; P = 0.026) and shock (OR = 47.58; 95% CI,1.06-2126.80; P = 0.046) were independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS Aeromonas bacteremia usually occurred in patients with neutropenic status, and patients with SSTIs were more likely to show a worse prognosis. Carbapenems should be avoided in patients with Aeromonas BSIs and SSTIs given high resistance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhao
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangzhu Li
- General Medical Center for Blood diseases, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- Leukemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- Anemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengkui Zhang
- Anemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Pediatric Hematology Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Leukemia Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosysterm, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, China.
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Kitagawa H, Ohge H, Yu L, Kayama S, Hara T, Kashiyama S, Kajihara T, Hisatsune J, Sueda T, Sugai M. Aeromonas dhakensis is not a rare cause of Aeromonas bacteremia in Hiroshima, Japan. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:316-320. [PMID: 31570322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas dhakensis, a newly recognized species, is often misidentified as A. hydrophila, A. veronii, or A. caviae by commercial phenotypic tests. Limited data about A. dhakensis are available in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed the patients with monomicrobial Aeromonas bacteremia at Hiroshima University Hospital from January 2011 to December 2017, and species re-identification was conducted using rpoD and gyrB gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system. Of the 19 strains from blood isolates, A. caviae (n = 9, 47.4%), A. dhakensis (n = 4, 21.1%), A. hydrophila (n = 3, 15.8%), and A. veronii (n = 3, 15.8%) were re-identified. A. dhakensis was phenotypically misidentified as A. hydrophila (n = 3, 75%) or A. sobria (n = 1, 25%). A. dhakensis was also misidentified as A. caviae (n = 2, 50%), A. hydrophila (n = 1, 25%), and A. jandaei (n = 1, 25%) in MALDI-TOF MS system. Malignancies (n = 12, 63.2%) and liver cirrhosis (n = 7, 36.8%) were common comorbidities. Biliary tract infection was the most frequent source of Aeromonas bacteremia (n = 11, 57.9%). The major source of A. dhakensis bacteremia was also biliary tract infection (n = 3, 75%), and the 14-day infection-related mortality of A. dhakensis was 25%. A. dhakensis isolates showed similar clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and mortality with those of other Aeromonas species isolates. This study demonstrated that A. dhakensis is not a rare cause of Aeromonas bacteremia, but is often misidentified as A. hydrophila in Hiroshima, Japan. Further studies should be conducted to identify the geographical distribution and clinical impact of A. dhakensis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitagawa
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Liansheng Yu
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kayama
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hara
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Seiya Kashiyama
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kajihara
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taijiro Sueda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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