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Diversity and Dissemination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Genotypes in Southeast Asia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120438. [PMID: 36548693 PMCID: PMC9781663 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a successful pathogen that has achieved global dissemination, with high prevalence rates in Southeast Asia. A huge diversity of clones has been reported in this region, with MRSA ST239 being the most successful lineage. Nonetheless, description of MRSA genotypes circulating in the Southeast Asia region has, until now, remained poorly compiled. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of MRSA clones in 11 Southeast Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, and Timor-Leste. Notably, while archaic multidrug-resistant hospital-associated (HA) MRSAs, such as the ST239-III and ST241-III, were prominent in the region during earlier observations, these were then largely replaced by the more antibiotic-susceptible community-acquired (CA) MRSAs, such as ST22-IV and PVL-positive ST30-IV, in recent years after the turn of the century. Nonetheless, reports of livestock-associated (LA) MRSAs remain few in the region.
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Vasconcellos HVGD, Silva KFB, Montenegro H, Miguel CB, Tizioto P, Agostinho F, Araújo MC, Ribas RM, Silva MVD, Soares SDC, Rodrigues Júnior V, Batistão DWDF, Oliveira CJF, Rodrigues WF. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolated from pigeon droppings (Columba livia) in the external environment close to hospitals. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0353. [PMID: 36000617 PMCID: PMC9405951 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0353-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Domestic pigeons carry pathogens in their droppings, posing a potential public health problem. Methods: The phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in the feces of urban pigeons near hospitals with intensive care units were measured. Results: Twenty-nine samples showed Enterococcus growth, whereas one was positive for S. aureus. The S. aureus isolate was sensitive to the antibiotics tested via antibiogram, however resistance genes were identified. E. faecium isolates showed phenotypic resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Antimicrobial profiles harmful to health were demonstrated in bacterial pathogens isolated from the external environment of hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Vieira Gartz de Vasconcellos
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Kerollyn Fernandes Bernardes Silva
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Botelho Miguel
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Ferdinando Agostinho
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Costa Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosineide Marques Ribas
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Deivid William da Fonseca Batistão
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Escola de Medicina, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioinformática, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Thuy DB, Campbell J, Thuy CT, Hoang NVM, Voong Vinh P, Nguyen TNT, Nguyen Ngoc Minh C, Pham DT, Rabaa MA, Lan NPH, Hao NV, Thwaites GE, Thwaites CL, Baker S, Chau NVV, Chung The H. Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae causes infections in a Vietnamese intensive care unit. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000514. [PMID: 33502303 PMCID: PMC8208697 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing colonization with Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae has been found to increase the risk of infection in intensive care patients. We previously conducted a longitudinal study to characterize colonization of these two organisms in patients admitted to intensive care in a hospital in southern Vietnam. Here, using genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we aimed to assess the contribution these colonizing organisms made to infections. We found that in the majority of patients infected with S. aureus or K. pneumoniae, the sequence type of the disease-causing (infecting) isolate was identical to that of corresponding colonizing organisms in the respective patient. Further in-depth analysis revealed that in patients infected by S. aureus ST188 and by K. pneumoniae ST17, ST23, ST25 and ST86, the infecting isolate was closely related to and exhibited limited genetic variation relative to pre-infection colonizing isolates. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus ST188 was identified as the predominant agent of colonization and infection. Colonization and infection by K. pneumoniae were characterized by organisms with limited antimicrobial resistance profiles but extensive repertoires of virulence genes. Our findings augment the understanding of the link between bacterial colonization and infection in a low-resource setting, and could facilitate the development of novel evidence-based approaches to prevent and treat infections in high-risk patients in intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Bich Thuy
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Cao Thu Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Phat Voong Vinh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Duy Thanh Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Maia A. Rabaa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nguyen Van Hao
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E. Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - C. Louise Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hao Chung The
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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