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Kujat Choy S, Neumann EM, Romero-Barrios P, Tamber S. Contribution of Food to the Human Health Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:71-82. [PMID: 38099924 PMCID: PMC10877391 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of foodborne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on the human health burden of AMR infections is unknown. The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarize the scientific literature investigating all potential sources of human AMR infections related to food. A literature search was conducted in Embase (Ovid) and MEDLINE (Ovid) databases to identify appropriate studies published between 2010 and 2023. The results of the search were reviewed and categorized based on the primary subject matter. Key concepts from each category are described from the perspective of food safety as a public health objective. The search yielded 3457 references, 1921 remained after removal of duplicates, abstracts, editorials, comments, notes, retractions, and errata. No properly designed source attribution studies were identified, but 383 journal articles were considered relevant and were classified into eight subcategories and discussed in the context of four streams of evidence: prevalence data, epidemiological studies, outbreak investigations and human health impact estimates. There was sufficient evidence to conclude that AMR genes, whether present in pathogenic or nonpathogenic bacteria, constitute a foodborne hazard. The level of consumer risk owing to this hazard cannot be accurately estimated based on the data summarized here. Key gaps in the literature are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kujat Choy
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eva-Marie Neumann
- Library Services Division, Corporate Services Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pablo Romero-Barrios
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sandeep Tamber
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Xu Z, Dou R, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Zhang C, Li Q, Xu L, Gu H. Differential biventricular adaption to pulmonary vascular disease in patients with idiopathic/heritable and congenital heart disease: a prospective cardiac magnetic resonance and invasive study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:1528-1535. [PMID: 37201191 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite shared pathophysiological mechanisms, patients with idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH/HPAH) have a poorer prognosis than those with PAH after congenital heart defect repair. Ventricular adaption remains unclear and could provide a basis for explaining differences in clinical outcomes. The aim of this prospective study was to assess clinical status, haemodynamic profile, and biventricular adaptation to PAH in children with various forms of PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive patients with IPAH/HPAH or post-operative PAH were prospectively recruited (n = 64). All patients underwent a comprehensive, protocolized assessment including functional assessment, measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, invasive measurements, and a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment. A cohort of age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Patients with post-operative PAH had a better functional class (61.5 vs. 26.3% in Class I/II, P = 0.02) and a longer 6-min walk distance (320 ± 193 vs. 239 ± 156 m, P = 0.008) than IPAH/HPAH. While haemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between IPAH/HPAH and post-operative patients, post-operative patients with PAH presented with higher left ventricular volumes and better right ventricular function compared with patients with IPAH/HPAH (P < 0.05). On correlation analyses, left ventricular volumetric parameters were highly correlated with BNP and 6-min walk test distance in this population. CONCLUSION Despite comparable haemodynamic profiles, patients with post-operative PAH had less functional limitation than their IPAH/HPAH counterparts. This is potentially related to the differential biventricular adaptation pattern evident on CMR with better myocardial contractility and higher left ventricular volumes in post-operative patients with PAH, highlighting the importance of ventriculo-ventricular interaction in the setting of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Xu
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Ruiyu Dou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100029
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