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Baca KJ, Derby DC, Salsbury SA. Resilient responses to stressful events among chiropractic students: A cross-sectional survey. THE JOURNAL OF CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION 2024; 38:82-95. [PMID: 38258467 PMCID: PMC11097215 DOI: 10.7899/jce-23-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resilient students may better navigate the challenges of chiropractic training. This study explored the relationships between response to stressful experiences, perceived stress, and quality of life among students at 1 US chiropractic college campus. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 873 students. The anonymous online questionnaire included demographics, quality of life, perceived stress, and the Response to Stressful Events Scale (RSES). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed for significant relationships among variables. RESULTS A sample of 221 students (60% female) completed the survey (25% response rate). Male respondents reported greater psychological health. Participants reporting high quality of life exhibited higher resiliency on the RSES flat score and many RSES domains. Respondents who rated greater psychological health and social relationships exhibited greater spiritual resiliency. Respondents reporting higher psychological health and lower levels of perceived stress exhibited higher self-efficacy resilience. Psychological health was the most important predictor for RSES flat score and domains, except for spiritual resilience, for which social relationships were most important. Male gender was predictive of 3 RSES domains: meaning making, active coping, and cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSION More resilient responses to stressful events were reported by male chiropractic students and those who reported greater psychological health, higher quality of life, or lower perceived stress. Female students and those experiencing psychological challenges or lower quality of life might consider resilience training to increase the use of protective coping strategies. These findings may permit academic institutions to identify students at highest risk and employ interventions to prevent program withdrawal.
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Ibrahim D, Ahmed RM, Mohammad AZ, Ibrahim B, Mohammed T, Mohamed ME, Abdelgadir T, Mohammed B, Ibrahim M, Shaaban KMA. Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder and perceived stress among Sudanese medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38263070 PMCID: PMC10807220 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) causes significant disturbance in an individual's well-being and activity. Whereby, interfering with the dynamic progress in life. Also, anxiety is a product of stress and a major predictor of academic performance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), measure levels of anxiety and perceived stress, evaluate the academic profile, identify lifestyle characteristics, and explore the relationship between these factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 340 Sudanese medical students filled out online questionnaires, composed of the sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, academic profile, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 scale (GAD-2), and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 for data analysis. RESULTS Of 340 medical students, 3.8% of them were diagnosed with GAD, while 29.1% scored ≥ 3 in GAD-2, indicating a possible diagnosis. The study found that 9.7% of the participants used addictive substances, with 42% of them having high GAD-2 scores. Moreover, high anxiety levels were associated with high-stress scores (p-value = 0.000). Also, high GAD-2 scores were significantly associated with students who spent less than 10,000 SDG (18 USD) weekly, spent more time on entertainment using smart devices (p-value = 0.004), and had an unhealthy diet (p-value = 0.004). Low anxiety levels were associated with better sleep quality (p-value = 0.00), satisfaction with religious practices (p-value = 0.00), and increased leisure/hobby time (p-value = 0.018). High-stress levels were observed in females (p-value = 0.035), those with lower academic performance satisfaction levels, and increased hours of smart device usage for entertainment (p-value = 0.001). Reduced stress levels were associated with being ≥ 23 years old, increased leisure/hobby time (p-value = 0.002), satisfaction with religious practices [F(3, 166.6) = 10.8, p-value = 0.00)], and having a healthy diet (p-value = 0.006). CONCLUSION The low prevalence of GAD corresponded with previous literature, but 29.1% of medical students had a high probability of having GAD. The study emphasizes on providing accessible mental health services for medical students and interventions addressing modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan.
| | - Reem Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Ayman Zuhair Mohammad
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Basil Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tibyan Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Mona Elfadl Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Tibyan Abdelgadir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Baraah Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Moneib Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Kamil M A Shaaban
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Wadi MM, Yusoff MSB, Taha MH, Shorbagi S, Nik Lah NAZ, Abdul Rahim AF. The framework of Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR): development and validation. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:213. [PMID: 37016407 PMCID: PMC10073620 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout and depression among health professions education (HPE) students continue to rise, leading to unwanted effects that ultimately jeopardise optimal medical care and patient health. Promoting the resilience of medical students is one solution to this issue. Several interventions have been implemented to foster resilience, but they focus on aspects other than the primary cause: the assessment system. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework to promote resilience in assessment planning and practice. METHODS We followed the guidelines suggested by Whetten for constructing a theoretical model for framework development. There were four phases in the model development. In the first phase, different literature review methods were used, and additional students' perspectives were collected through focus group discussions. Then, using the data, we constructed the theoretical model in the second phase. In the third phase, we validated the newly developed model and its related guidelines. Finally, we performed response process validation of the model with a group of medical teachers. RESULTS The developed systematic assessment resilience framework (SAR) promotes four constructs: self-control, management, engagement, and growth, through five phases of assessment: assessment experience, assessment direction, assessment preparation, examiner focus, and student reflection. Each phase contains a number of practical guidelines to promote resilience. We rigorously triangulated each approach with its theoretical foundations and evaluated it on the basis of its content and process. The model showed high levels of content and face validity. CONCLUSIONS The SAR model offers a novel guideline for fostering resilience through assessment planning and practice. It includes a number of attainable and practical guidelines for enhancing resilience. In addition, it opens a new horizon for HPE students' future use of this framework in the new normal condition (post COVID 19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Mohammed Wadi
- Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
- Medical Education Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Hassan Taha
- College of Medicine and Center of Medical Education, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarra Shorbagi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nik Ahmad Zuky Nik Lah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim
- Medical Education Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
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Zhang N, Henderson CNR. Coping strategies and chiropractic student perceived stress. THE JOURNAL OF CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION 2022; 36:13-21. [PMID: 34320658 PMCID: PMC8895847 DOI: 10.7899/jce-20-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate coping strategies adopted by chiropractic college students and how these strategies affect student-perceived stress levels. METHODS Four hundred seven (407) 1st-quarter students were recruited during 2014 and 2015. The validated Brief COPE inventory was used to assess coping strategies during the 1st week of classes. Perceived Chiropractic College Stress (PCCS) was assessed via a modification of Vitaliano Perceived Medical School Stress survey instrument. The modified coping instrument was administered during the 1st quarter (PCCS1) and 6 months later during the 3rd quarter (PCCS2). RESULTS Mean perceived stress levels were greater after 6 months. Although perceived stress increased more for females than for males over that period, it was not statistically significant. Male and female coping strategies differed only in the preferential use of emotional support by females. Students generally adopted active coping strategies (eg, active coping and planning) rather than avoidant strategies (eg, substance abuse). Regression analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between avoidant-emotion coping and PCCS1 with a weaker positive correlation between problem-focused coping, sex, and PCCS1. Avoidant-emotion coping also demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with PCCS2. Neither sex nor the 3 coping strategies were predictors of PCCS change (PCCS2 - PCCS1). CONCLUSION This study is a starting point for exploring the relationship between perceived stress and coping behaviors in a chiropractic training institution. Students generally used healthy adaptive coping strategies with minimal sex differences. Avoidant-emotion coping appears to be a reliable predictor of PCCS, with sex being a poor predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhang
- Niu Zhang is a professor at Palmer College of Chiropractic Florida (4777 City Center Parkway, Port Orange, FL 32129; )
| | - Charles N R Henderson
- Charles Henderson is a senior adjunct research staff for Life Chiropractic College West and a consultant with Henderson Technical Consulting (5961 Broken Bow Lane, Port Orange, FL 32127; )
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Gavurova B, Ivankova V, Rigelsky M. Relationships between Perceived Stress, Depression and Alcohol Use Disorders in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socio-Economic Dimension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8853. [PMID: 33260778 PMCID: PMC7730954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the effects of perceived stress on depression and subsequently to examine the effects of depression on alcohol use disorders. The data were obtained by an electronic questionnaire survey during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (n = 1523 Slovak university students). Descriptive, regression, and correlation analysis were used in the analytical processing, while the analyses included students' scores in three diagnostic tools (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ 9), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)), as well as gender and income characteristics. The PSS identified an increased level of perceived stress in female students, while in contrast, the AUDIT showed an increased level of alcohol use disorders in male students. Differences in mental and behavioural disorders between the gender and income categories were significant in most of the analysed cases. In terms of gender-income characteristics, it was possible to confirm a significant positive effect of the PSS score on the PHQ 9 score, as well as a significant positive effect of the PHQ 9 score on the AUDIT score. As a result, efforts to reduce stress will be reflected in a reduction of depressive disorders as well as a reduction of excessive alcohol consumption among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gavurova
- Center for Applied Economic Research, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 5139, 760 00 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Ivankova
- Faculty of Management, University of Presov in Presov, 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia; (V.I.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Rigelsky
- Faculty of Management, University of Presov in Presov, 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia; (V.I.); (M.R.)
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Spivey CA, Havrda D, Stallworth S, Renfro C, Chisholm-Burns MA. Longitudinal examination of perceived stress and academic performance of first-year student pharmacists. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2020; 12:1116-1122. [PMID: 32624141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First-year pharmacy students (P1s) may experience a number of stressors that may affect academic performance due to the transition into a professional program. Study objectives were to evaluate student demographic and pre-pharmacy factors associated with perceived stress among P1s, analyze relative change in perceived stress over the P1 year, and assess associations between perceived stress and academic performance. METHODS The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was administered three times to P1s: during orientation, midpoint of fall semester, and midpoint of spring semester. Data were also collected using school records, including demographics, P1 fall grade point average (GPA), P1 spring GPA, and P1 year GPA. Paired-sample t-tests, independent samples t-tests, Analysis of Variance, correlational analysis, and multiple linear regression were conducted. RESULTS Of 202 P1s, 201 (99.5%) completed the orientation survey administration and 110 (54.5%) completed all three administrations. PSS-10 score significantly increased across survey administrations. Differences in PSS-10 scores at orientation were noted based on gender and race/ethnicity (P < .05), with female and minority students experiencing greater levels of stress. PSS-10 score (spring administration) was significantly, inversely correlated to P1 fall GPA, spring GPA, and year GPA (P < .05). Undergraduate science GPA, PSS-10 score (orientation administration), and age were included in the final version of the regression model as significant predictors of P1 year GPA. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress increased over the P1 year, and higher perceived stress was associated with lower P1 academic performance. Future studies should examine strategies to assist P1s in managing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Spivey
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Ste 258, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Dawn Havrda
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Ste 258, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Sara Stallworth
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Ste 258, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Chelsea Renfro
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Ste 258, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Marie A Chisholm-Burns
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Ste 258, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
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