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Cummins DD, Bernabei JM, Wang DD. Focused Ultrasound for Treatment of Movement Disorders: A Review of Non-Food and Drug Administration Approved Indications. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2024; 102:93-108. [PMID: 38368868 DOI: 10.1159/000535621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MRI-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) is an incisionless thermo-ablative procedure that may be used to treat medication-refractory movement disorders, with a growing number of potential anatomic targets and clinical applications. As of this article's publication, the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved uses of FUS for movement disorders are thalamotomy for essential tremor (ET) and tremor-dominant Parkinson's Disease (PD), and pallidotomy for other cardinal symptoms of PD. We present a state-of-the-art review on all non-FDA approved indications of FUS for movement disorders, beyond the most well-described indications of ET and PD. Our objective was to summarize the safety and efficacy of FUS in this setting and provide a roadmap for future directions of FUS for movement disorders. METHODS A state-of-the-art review was conducted on use of FUS for non-FDA approved movement disorders. All movement disorders excluding FDA-approved uses for ET and PD were included. RESULTS A total of 25 studies on 172 patients were included. In patients with tremor plus dystonia syndromes (n = 6), ventralis intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM)-FUS gave >50% tremor reduction, with no improvement in dystonia and worsened dystonia in 2/6 patients. Ventral-oralis complex (VO)-FUS gave >50% improvement for focal hand dystonia (n = 6) and 100% return to musical performance in musician's dystonia (n = 6). In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and tremor (n = 3), improvement in tremor was seen in 2 patients with a favorable skull density ratio; no MS disease change was noted after VIM-FUS. In patients with tremor and comorbid ataxia syndromes (n = 3), none were found to have worsened ataxia after VIM-FUS; all had clinically significant tremor improvement. Subthalamic nucleus (STN)-FUS for PD (n = 49) gave approximately 50% improvement in PD motor symptoms, with dystonia and mild dyskinesias as possible adverse effects. Cerebellothalamic tract (CTT-FUS) for ET (n = 42) gave 55-90% tremor improvement, with gait dysfunction as a rare persistent adverse effect. Pallidothalamic tract (PTT-FUS) for PD (n = 50) gave approximately 50% improvement in motor symptoms, with mild speech dysfunction as a possible adverse effect. CONCLUSION VIM-FUS appeared safe and effective for heterogenous tremor etiologies, and VO-FUS appeared most effective for isolated segmental dystonia. STN-FUS was effective for PD symptom reduction; postoperative dystonia and mild on-medication dyskinesias required medical management. Tractography-based targeting with CTT-FUS for ET and PTT-FUS for PD demonstrated promising early results. Larger prospective trials with long-term follow-up are needed to the evaluate the safety and efficacy non-FDA approved indications for FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Cummins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Bernabei
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Doris D Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Peters J, Tisch S. Habituation After Deep Brain Stimulation in Tremor Syndromes: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:696950. [PMID: 34413826 PMCID: PMC8368435 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus is an effective treatment for medically refractory essential, dystonic and Parkinson's tremor. It may also provide benefit in less common tremor syndromes including, post-traumatic, cerebellar, Holmes, neuropathic and orthostatic tremor. The long-term benefit of DBS in essential and dystonic tremor (ET/DT) often wanes over time, a phenomena referred to as stimulation "tolerance" or "habituation". While habituation is generally accepted to exist, it remains controversial. Attempts to quantify habituation have revealed conflicting reports. Placebo effects, loss of micro-lesional effect, disease related progression, suboptimal stimulation and stimulation related side-effects may all contribute to the loss of sustained long-term therapeutic effect. Habituation often presents as substantial loss of initial DBS benefit occurring as early as a few months after initial stimulation; a complex and feared issue when faced in the setting of optimal electrode placement. Simply increasing stimulation current tends only to propagate tremor severity and induce stimulation related side effects. The report by Paschen and colleagues of worsening tremor scores in the "On" vs. "Off" stimulation state over time, even after accounting for "rebound" tremor, supports the concept of habituation. However, these findings have not been consistent across all studies. Chronic high intensity stimulation has been hypothesized to induce detrimental plastic effects on tremor networks, with some lines of evidence that DT and ET may be more susceptible than Parkinson's tremor to habituation. However, Tsuboi and colleague's recent longitudinal follow-up in dystonic and "pure" essential tremor suggests otherwise. Alternatively, post-mortem findings support a biological adaption to stimulation. The prevalence and etiology of habituation is still not fully understood and management remains difficult. A recent study reported that alternating thalamic stimulation parameters at weekly intervals provided improved stability of tremor control consistent with reduced habituation. In this article the available evidence for habituation after DBS for tremor syndromes is reviewed; including its prevalence, time-course, possible mechanisms; along with expected long-term outcomes for tremor and factors that may assist in predicting, preventing and managing habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Peters
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Iorio-Morin C, Fomenko A, Kalia SK. Deep-Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor and Other Tremor Syndromes: A Narrative Review of Current Targets and Clinical Outcomes. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E925. [PMID: 33271848 PMCID: PMC7761254 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremor is a prevalent symptom associated with multiple conditions, including essential tremor (ET), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke and trauma. The surgical management of tremor evolved from stereotactic lesions to deep-brain stimulation (DBS), which allowed safe and reversible interference with specific neural networks. This paper reviews the current literature on DBS for tremor, starting with a detailed discussion of current tremor targets (ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim), prelemniscal radiations (Raprl), caudal zona incerta (Zi), thalamus (Vo) and subthalamic nucleus (STN)) and continuing with a discussion of results obtained when performing DBS in the various aforementioned tremor syndromes. Future directions for DBS research are then briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Iorio-Morin
- Christian Iorio-Morin, Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (A.F.); (S.K.K.)
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (A.F.); (S.K.K.)
| | - Suneil K. Kalia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (A.F.); (S.K.K.)
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Wong JK, Viswanathan VT, Nozile-Firth KS, Eisinger RS, Leone EL, Desai AM, Foote KD, Ramirez-Zamora A, Okun MS, Wagle Shukla A. STN Versus GPi Deep Brain Stimulation for Action and Rest Tremor in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:578615. [PMID: 33192410 PMCID: PMC7651783 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.578615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi), deep brain stimulation (DBS) on individual action tremor/postural tremor (AT) and rest tremor (RT) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Randomized DBS studies have reported marked benefit in tremor with both GPi and STN and DBS, however, there is a paucity of information available on AT vs RT when separated by the surgical target. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the 1-year clinical outcome of PD patients treated with STN and GPi DBS at the University of Florida. We specifically selected patients with moderate to severe AT. Eighty-eight patients (57 STN and 31 GPi) were evaluated at 6 and 12 months for changes in AT and RT in the OFF-medication/ON stimulation state. A comparison of “response” was performed and defined as greater than or equal to a 2-point decrease in tremor score. Results STN and GPi DBS both improved AT at 6- and 12-months post-implantation (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). The STN DBS group experienced a greater improvement in AT at 6 months compared to the GPi group (p = 0.005) but not at the 12 months follow-up (p = 0.301). Both STN and GPi DBS also improved RT at 6- and 12-months post-implantation (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). There was no difference in RT scores between the two groups at 6 months (p = 0.23) or 12 months (p = 0.74). The STN group had a larger proportion of patients who achieved a “response” in AT at 6 months (p < 0.01), however, this finding was not present at 12 months (p = 0.23). A sub-analysis revealed that in RT, the STN group had a larger percentage of “responders” when followed through 12 months (p < 0.01). Conclusion Both STN and GPi DBS reduced PD associated AT and RT at 12 months follow-up. There was no advantage of either brain target in the management of RT or AT. One nuance of the study was that STN DBS was more effective in suppressing AT in the early postoperative period, however, this effect diminished over time. Clinicians should be aware that it may take longer to achieve a similar tremor outcome when utilizing the GPi target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Wong
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vyas T Viswanathan
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kamilia S Nozile-Firth
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert S Eisinger
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emma L Leone
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anuj M Desai
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Wadhwa A, Schaefer S, Gerrard J, Deeb W, Okun MS, Patel A. Deep Brain Stimulation Target Selection in Co-Morbid Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2020; 10:17. [PMID: 32775031 PMCID: PMC7394224 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical Vignette A 64-year-old man with essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) presented with medically refractory, large amplitude, debilitating rest and action tremor in his extremities. Clinical Dilemma Ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves tremor in ET and PD but does not ameliorate bradykinesia and rigidity in PD. The comparative efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in managing action ET tremor remains unclear. Clinical Solution Bilateral STN was selected as the DBS target. Moderate improvement in rest tremor and mild improvement in action tremor were noted following initial programming. Gap In Knowledge There are no head-to-head trials to guide DBS target selection in patients with both ET and PD. Current evidence is limited to a few small head-to-head trials that have demonstrated equivalent efficacy in tremor reduction in PD patients using VIM as DBS target and in ET patients using STN. Expert Commentary Due to limited evidence, DBS treatment of complex cases, such as combined Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, remains based on expert consensus at each institution. Further multi-approach efforts, using imaging, electrophysiologic, and animal data, will be needed to answer the identified gap in knowledge. Highlights There is limited evidence to guide deep brain target selection in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. We review existing literature and propose strategies to manage tremor in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Wadhwa
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Sara Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Jason Gerrard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Wissam Deeb
- Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Amar Patel
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, US
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Dalrymple WA, Pusso A, Sperling SA, Flanigan JL, Huss DS, Harrison MB, Elias WJ, Shah BB, Barrett MJ. Comparison of Parkinson's Disease Patients' Characteristics by Indication for Deep Brain Stimulation: Men Are More Likely to Have DBS for Tremor. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 9:tre-09-676. [PMID: 31572622 PMCID: PMC6749750 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background We investigated whether the characteristics of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients differ based on the primary indication for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods We reviewed data for 149 consecutive PD patients who underwent DBS at the University of Virginia. Patients were categorized based on primary surgical indication, and clinical characteristics were compared between groups. Results Twenty-nine (93.5%) of 31 PD patients who underwent DBS for medication refractory tremor were men, and 66 (62.3%) of 106 PD patients who underwent DBS for motor fluctuations were men (p = 0.001). Other primary indications for DBS were tremor and fluctuations (n = 5), medication intolerance (n = 5), and dystonia (n = 2). Discussion Patients who underwent DBS for medication refractory tremor were predominantly men, while patients who had DBS for motor fluctuations approximated the gender distribution of PD. Possible explanations are that men with PD are more likely to develop medication refractory tremor or undergo surgery for medication refractory tremor in PD compared to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Alex Dalrymple
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Antonia Pusso
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph L Flanigan
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Diane S Huss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - W Jeffrey Elias
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Binit B Shah
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Mao Z, Ling Z, Pan L, Xu X, Cui Z, Liang S, Yu X. Comparison of Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation of Different Targets in Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:23. [PMID: 30853908 PMCID: PMC6395396 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered an effective treatment option for Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of neurostimulation in patients with advanced PD. The subthalamic nucleus (STN), the internal globus pallidus (GPi), ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim), and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are reportedly effective DBS targets for control of Parkinsonian tremors. However, there is no consensus on the ideal target for DBS in patients with Parkinson's disease. Only a few studies have directly compared the efficacy of DBS of the Vim, STN, and GPi. Therefore, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases for observational studies, extracted data on unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores and performed a comprehensive network meta-analysis of different strategies of DBS and compared the efficiency of DBS at different targets. Methods: Forest plot was used to examine the overall efficiency of DBS; cumulative probability value was used to rank the strategies under examination. A node-splitting model was employed to assess consistency of reported outcomes inconsistency. A total of 16 studies which focused on UPDRS improvement were included in the network meta-analysis. Results: By comparing the overall efficiency associated with each target, we confirmed the efficacy of DBS therapy in PD. Our findings revealed similar efficacy of DBS targeted at GPi and STN in the on-medication phase [GPi-3.9 (95% CI -7.0 to -0.96); STN-3.1 (-5.9 to -0.38)]; however, in the off-medication phase, Vim-targeted DBS was associated with better improvement in UPDRS scores and could be a choice as a DBS target for tremor-dominant Parkinsonism. Conclusions: Our findings will help improve clinical application of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipei Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Longsheng Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Kuusimäki T, Korpela J, Pekkonen E, Martikainen MH, Antonini A, Kaasinen V. Deep brain stimulation for monogenic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. J Neurol 2019; 267:883-897. [PMID: 30659355 PMCID: PMC7109183 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The key DBS efficacy studies were performed in PD patients with unknown genotypes; however, given the estimated monogenic mutation prevalence of approximately 5–10%, most commonly LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1 and SNCA, and risk-increasing genetic factors such as GBA, proper characterization is becoming increasingly relevant. We performed a systematic review of 46 studies that reported DBS effects in 221 genetic PD patients. The results suggest that monogenic PD patients have variable DBS benefit depending on the mutated gene. Outcome appears excellent in patients with the most common LRRK2 mutation, p.G2019S, and good in patients with PRKN mutations but poor in patients with the more rare LRRK2 p.R1441G mutation. The overall benefit of DBS in SNCA, GBA and LRRK2 p.T2031S mutations may be compromised due to rapid progression of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the presence of other mutations, the motor changes in DBS-treated monogenic PD patients appear comparable to those of the general PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Kuusimäki
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Korpela
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika H Martikainen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
The understanding of brain function and the capacity to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders rest on the ability to intervene in neuronal activity in specific brain circuits. Current methods of neuromodulation incur a tradeoff between spatial focus and the level of invasiveness. Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is emerging as a neuromodulation approach that combines noninvasiveness with focus that can be relatively sharp even in regions deep in the brain. This may enable studies of the causal role of specific brain regions in specific behaviors and behavioral disorders. In addition to causal brain mapping, the spatial focus of FUS opens new avenues for treatments of neurological and psychiatric conditions. This review introduces existing and emerging FUS applications in neuromodulation, discusses the mechanisms of FUS effects on cellular excitability, considers the effects of specific stimulation parameters, and lays out the directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kubanek
- Departments of Neurobiology and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Patel AS. Deep Brain Stimulation Target Selection in an Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patient with Significant Tremor and Comorbid Depression. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2017; 7:447. [PMID: 28428905 PMCID: PMC5395677 DOI: 10.7916/d8kd23nz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL VIGNETTE A 67-year-old female with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), medically refractory tremor, and a history of significant depression presented for evaluation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) candidacy. CLINICAL DILEMMA Traditionally, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been preferred over the globus pallidus interna (GPi) as a DBS target for PD patients with levodopa-responsive fluctuations in rigidity and akinesia, for whom tremor is also a significant source of impairment. However, STN stimulation is avoided in patients with a significant pre-surgical history of mood disorder. CLINICAL SOLUTION Bilateral DBS of the GPi led to significant short-term improvement in PD motor symptoms, including significant tremor reduction. GAP IN KNOWLEDGE There is insufficient evidence to support or refute clinicians' traditional preference for STN stimulation in treating refractory PD tremor. Similarly, the available evidence for risk of worsening depression and/or suicidality after STN DBS is mixed. Both questions require further clarification to guide patient and clinician decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar S. Patel
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Jang C, Park HJ, Chang WS, Pae C, Chang JW. Immediate and Longitudinal Alterations of Functional Networks after Thalamotomy in Essential Tremor. Front Neurol 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 27822200 PMCID: PMC5076435 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalamotomy at the ventralis intermedius nucleus has been an effective treatment method for essential tremor, but how the brain network changes immediately responding to this deliberate lesion and then reorganizes afterwards are not clear. Taking advantage of a non-cranium-opening MRI-guided focused ultrasound ablation technique, we investigated functional network changes due to a focal lesion. To classify the diverse time courses of those network changes with respect to symptom-related long-lasting treatment effects and symptom-unrelated transient effects, we applied graph-theoretic analyses to longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data before and 1 day, 7 days, and 3 months after thalamotomy with essential tremor. We found reduced average connections among the motor-related areas, reduced connectivity between substantia nigra and external globus pallidum and reduced total connection in the thalamus after thalamotomy, which are all associated with clinical rating scales. The average connectivity among whole brain regions and inter-hemispheric network asymmetry show symptom-unrelated transient increases, indicating temporary reconfiguration of the whole brain network. In summary, thalamotomy regulates interactions over the motor network via symptom-related connectivity changes but accompanies transient, symptom-unrelated diaschisis in the global brain network. This study suggests the significance of longitudinal network analysis, combined with minimal-invasive treatment techniques, in understanding time-dependent diaschisis in the brain network due to a focal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Jang
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Chongwon Pae
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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