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Chaleshtori ZA, Rastegari AA, Nayeri H, Doosti A. Chitosan-LeoA-DNA Nanoparticles Promoted the Efficacy of Novel LeoA-DNA Vaccination on Mice Against Helicobacter pylori. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:125. [PMID: 38558085 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which may lead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. LeoA, a conserved antigen of H. pylori, aids in preventing this infection by triggering specific CD3+ T-cell responses. In this study, recombinant plasmids containing the LeoA gene of H. pylori are created and conjugated with chitosan nanoparticle (CSNP) to immunize BALB/c mice against the H. pylori infection. We used the online Vaxign tool to analyze the genomes of five distinct strains of H. pylori, and we chose the outer membrane as a prospective vaccine candidate. Afterward, the proteins' immunogenicity was evaluated. The DNA vaccine was constructed and then encapsulated in CSNPs. The effectiveness of the vaccine's immunoprotective effects was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Purified activated splenic CD3+ T cells are used to test the anticancer effects in vitro. Nanovaccines had apparent spherical forms, were small (mean size, 150-250 nm), and positively charged (41.3 ± 3.11 mV). A consistently delayed release pattern and an entrapment efficiency (73.35 ± 3.48%) could be established. Compared to the non-encapsulated DNA vaccine, vaccinated BALB/c mice produced higher amounts of LeoA-specific IgG in plasma and TNF-α in splenocyte lysate. Moreover, BALB/c mice inoculated with nanovaccine demonstrated considerable immunity (87.5%) against the H. pylori challenge and reduced stomach injury and bacterial burdens in the stomach. The immunological state in individuals with GC with chronic infection with H. pylori is mimicked by the H. pylori DNA nanovaccines by inducing a shift from Th1 to Th2 in the response. In vitro human GC cell development is inhibited by activated CD3+ T lymphocytes. According to our findings, the H. pylori vaccine-activated CD3+ has potential immunotherapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Asghar Rastegari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hashem Nayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Kaveh-Samani A, Dalali S, Kaviani F, Piri-Gharaghie T, Doosti A. Oral administration of DNA alginate nanovaccine induced immune-protection against Helicobacter pylori in Balb/C mice. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:11. [PMID: 38310250 PMCID: PMC10838413 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), is an established causative factor for the development of gastric cancer and the induction of persistent stomach infections that may lead to peptic ulcers. In recent decades, several endeavours have been undertaken to develop a vaccine for H. pylori, although none have advanced to the clinical phase. The development of a successful H. pylori vaccine is hindered by particular challenges, such as the absence of secure mucosal vaccines to enhance local immune responses, the absence of identified antigens that are effective in vaccinations, and the absence of recognized indicators of protection. METHODS The DNA vaccine was chemically cloned, and the cloning was verified using PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. The efficacy of the vaccination was investigated. The immunogenicity and immune-protective efficacy of the vaccination were assessed in BALB/c mice. This study demonstrated that administering a preventive Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH Nanovaccine directly into the stomach effectively triggered a robust immune response to protect against H. pylori infection in mice. RESULTS The level of immune protection achieved with this nano vaccine was similar to that observed when using the widely accepted formalin-killed H. pylori Hel 305 as a positive control. The Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH Nanovaccine composition elicited significant mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses and strong intestinal and systemic Th1 responses. Moreover, the activation of IL-17R signaling is necessary for the defensive Th1 immune responses in the intestines triggered by Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH. CONCLUSION Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH is a potential Nanovaccine for use in an oral vaccine versus H. pylori infection, according to our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezo Kaveh-Samani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dalali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kaviani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Ibrahim KA, El-Ashrey MK, Kashef MT, Helmy OM. Alanine racemase a promising Helicobacter pylori drug target inhibited by propanoic acid. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105167. [PMID: 37271368 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the class 1 carcinogen, faces several obstacles, which demand alternative options to conventional drug development methods. Alanine racemase (Alr) was proposed as H. pylori drug target, inhibited by propanoic acid (PA), in a previous in silico study. We investigated the possible treatment of H. pylori infection through Alr inhibition. A new model of H. pylori Alr was built, validated, and the binding of PA to the active site was modelled via molecular docking with a good docking score. PA minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H. pylori ATCC 43504 and six H. pylori clinical isolates ranged from 312.5 to 416.7 ± 180 μg/ml and remained unchanged after 14 serial passages in increasing PA concentrations. The minimum bactericidal concentration of PA was 625 μg/ml. Selective Alr inhibition was confirmed by a significant PA MIC increase with increasing d-alanine concentrations. Similar PA MIC in other tested pathogens was recorded (312.5-625 μg/ml). PA lacked cytotoxicity in tested cell lines and efficiently eradicated H. pylori in a rat infection model. In conclusion, Alr is a promising broad-spectrum drug target, inhibited by PA without resistance development by repeated exposure for 14 serial passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Suez Road, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mona T Kashef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Omneya M Helmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Taghipour Zahir S, Razavi SH, SafiDahaj F, Rahmani K, Sadeghinejad‐Alamabadi S. Prognosis and survival study in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and its relationship with pRb expression alteration: A retrospective IHC-based study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1445. [PMID: 37519424 PMCID: PMC10372302 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Among cancers, gastric cancer has the fifth highest incidence worldwide and is the third most common mortality factor, which may have been due to inadequate knowledge of its molecular pathogenesis. The retinoblastoma gene (RB1), a tumor suppressor gene, may have a role in gastric cancer. This research aims to assess Rb expression as a prognostic marker to obtain more insight regarding gastric cancer. Methods This retrospective analytical study was done on 61 patients (45 males and 16 females) with gastric adenocarcinoma admitted from 2010 to 2012 in Shahid Sadoughi and Mortaz hospitals, Yazd, Iran. Demographic data, including age, gender, clinical signs and symptoms, and pathology reports, were retrieved from patients' hospital folders. Then, the altered Retinoblastoma gene expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry studies. Acquired data were analyzed by SPSS software v.16. p < 0.05 was statistically considered meaningful. Results In this study, the ratio of men to women was higher (2.81:1), and the mean age of patients was 62.44 years. About 90.2% of patients died during the study. There was no meaningful relationship between the presence of pRb, the intensity of staining, the percentage of staining with patients' age, gender, tumor grading, and survival rate (p > 0.05). There was only a meaningful relationship between the grade of tumors and survival rate (p = 0.039). Conclusion Altered pRB expression is not common in gastric cancer and does not impact the survival and grading of tumors. Poorly differentiated tumors had an ominous outcome with the lowest survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyyed Hossein Razavi
- Clinical and Surgical PathologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Farzan SafiDahaj
- Clinical and Surgical PathologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Koorosh Rahmani
- Clinical and Surgical PathologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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Phuc BH, Tuan VP, Binh TT, Tung PH, Tri TD, Dung HDQ, Thuan NPM, Fauzia KA, Tshibangu-Kabamba E, Alfaray RI, Saruuljavkhlan B, Matsumoto T, Akada J, Yamaoka Y. Comparative genomics of two Vietnamese Helicobacter pylori strains, CHC155 from a non-cardia gastric cancer patient and VN1291 from a duodenal ulcer patient. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8869. [PMID: 37258611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is involved in the etiology and severity of several gastroduodenal diseases; however, plasticity of the H. pylori genome makes complete genome assembly difficult. We report here the full genomes of H. pylori strains CHC155 and VN1291 isolated from a non-cardia gastric cancer patient and a duodenal ulcer patient, respectively, and their virulence demonstrated by in vitro infection. Whole-genome sequences were obtained by combining long- and short-reads with a hybrid-assembly approach. Both CHC155 and VN1291 genome possessed four kinds of genomic island: a cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), two type 4 secretion system islands within an integrative and conjugative element (tfs ICE), and prophage. CHC155 and VN1291 carried East Asian-type cagA and vacA s1m1, and outer membrane protein genes, including two copies of oipA. Corresponded to genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance, chromosomal mutations were identified in CHC155 (rdxA, gyrA, and 23S rRNA) and VN1291 (rdxA, 23S rRNA, and pbp1A). In vitro infection of AGS cells by both strains induced the cell scattering phenotype, tyrosine phosphorylation of CagA, and promoted high levels of IL8 secretion, indicating fully intact phenotypes of the cagPAI. Virulence genes in CHC155 and VN1291 genomes are crucial for H. pylori pathogenesis and are risk factors in the development of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer. Our in vitro studies indicate that the strains CHC155 and VN1291 carry the pathogenic potential.
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Grants
- 21K08010 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 21K07898 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 221S0002 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Hoang Phuc
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thanh Binh
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Huu Tung
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dinh Tri
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho Dang Quy Dung
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ricky Indra Alfaray
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Batsaikhan Saruuljavkhlan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
- Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Montiel-Martínez AG, Vargas-Jerónimo RY, Flores-Romero T, Moreno-Muñoz J, Bravo-Reyna CC, Luqueño-Martínez V, Contreras-Escamilla M, Zamudio-López J, Martínez-Rodríguez S, Barrán-Sánchez F, Villegas-García JC, Barrios-Payán J, Pastor AR, Palomares LA, Esquivel-Guadarrama F, Garrido E, Torres-Vega MA. Baculovirus-mediated expression of a Helicobacter pylori protein-based multiepitope hybrid gene induces a potent B cell response in mice. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152334. [PMID: 36641984 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that is present in over half of the world's population. The colonization of the stomach́s gastric mucosa by H. pylori is related to the onset of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and cancer. The estimated deaths from gastric cancer caused by this bacterial infection are in the 15,000-150,000 range. Current treatment for controlling the colonization of H. pylori includes the administration of two to four antibiotics and a gastric ATPase proton pump inhibitor. Nevertheless, the bacterium has shown increased resistance to antibiotics. Despite an extensive list of attempts to develop a vaccine, no approved vaccine against H. pylori is available. Recombinant viruses are a novel alternative for the control of primary pathogenic agents. In this work, we employed a baculovirus that carries a Thp1 transgene coding for nine H. pylori epitopes, some from the literature, and others were selected in silico from the sequence of H. pylori proteins (carbonic anhydrase, urease B subunit, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, Lpp20, Cag7, and CagL). We verified the expression of this hybrid multiepitopic protein in HeLa cells. Mice were inoculated with the recombinant baculovirus Bac-Thp1 using various administration routes: intranasal, intragastric, intramuscular, and a combination of intranasal and intragastric. We identified a strong adjuvant-independent IgG-antibody response in the serum of recombinant baculovirus-Thp1 inoculated mice, which was specific for a strain of H. pylori isolated from a human patient. The bacterium-specific IgG-antibodies were present in sera 125 days after the first vaccine administration. Also, H. pylori-specific IgA-antibodies were found in feces at 82 days after the first inoculation. A baculovirus-based vaccine for H. pylori is promising for controlling this pathogen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Montiel-Martínez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roxana Y Vargas-Jerónimo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Flores-Romero
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jaime Moreno-Muñoz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos C Bravo-Reyna
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Luqueño-Martínez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariela Contreras-Escamilla
- Departamento de Investigación Experimental y Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jovani Zamudio-López
- Departamento de Investigación Experimental y Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Barrán-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan C Villegas-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Ruth Pastor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Efraín Garrido
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Torres-Vega
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, col, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Alessandri-Bonetti M, Jeong T, Vaienti L, De La Cruz C, Gimbel ML, Nguyen VT, Egro FM. The Role of Microorganisms in the Development of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36839585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a variant of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) associated with textured-surface silicone breast implants. Since first being described in 1997, over 1100 cases have been currently reported worldwide. A causal relationship between BIA-ALCL and textured implants has been established in epidemiological studies, but a multifactorial process is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of BIA-ALCL. However, pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear. One of the hypotheses that could explain the link between textured implants and BIA-ALCL consists in the greater tendency of bacterial biofilm in colonizing the surface of textured implants compared to smooth implants, and the resulting chronic inflammation which, in predisposed individuals, may lead to tumorigenesis. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the role of micro-organisms and rough surface implants in the development of BIA-ALCL. It also provides insights into the most updated clinical practice knowledge about BIA-ALCL, from clinical presentation and investigation to treatment and outcomes.
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Zhou BG, Mei YZ, Wang JS, Xia JL, Jiang X, Ju SY, Ding YB. Is Helicobacter pylori infection associated with pancreatic cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231155119. [PMID: 36890981 PMCID: PMC9986679 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Recent observational studies have investigated the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and pancreatic cancer with conflicting data. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the potential association. Design This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) from inception to 30 August 2022. The summary results as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled by generic inverse variance method based on random-effects model. Results A total of 20 observational studies involving 67,718 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of data from 12 case-control studies and 5 nested case-control studies showed that there was no significant association between H. pylori infection and the risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.95-1.51, p = 0.13). Similarly, we also did not find significant association between cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) positive strains, CagA negative strains, vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA) positive strains H. pylori infection, and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Meta-analysis of data from three cohort studies showed that H. pylori infection was not significantly associated with an increased risk of incident pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.65-2.42, p = 0.50). Conclusion We found insufficient evidence to support the proposed association between H. pylori infection and increased risk of pancreatic cancer. To better understand any association, future evidence from large, well-designed, high-quality prospective cohort studies that accounts for diverse ethnic populations, certain H. pylori strains, and confounding factors would be useful to settle this controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Gang Zhou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jing-Shu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jian-Lei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Bing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Agnarelli A, Vella V, Samuels M, Papanastasopoulos P, Giamas G. Incorporating Immunotherapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184378. [PMID: 36139540 PMCID: PMC9496849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide, with the fifth and third highest morbidity and mortality, respectively, of all cancers. Survival is limited, as most of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and are not suitable for surgery with a curative intent. Chemotherapy has only modestly improved patients’ outcomes and is mainly given with a palliative intent. Immunotherapy has improved overall survival of patients with gastric cancer, and has thus become a new standard of care in clinic. In this review we discuss the strong molecular rationale for the administration of immunotherapy in this disease and analyse the clinical data supporting its use. Abstract Gastric cancer has a median survival of 11 months, and this poor prognosis has not improved over the last 30 years. Recent pre-clinical data suggest that there is high tumour-related neoantigen expression in gastric cancer cells, suggesting that a clinical strategy that enhances the host’s immune system against cancer cells may be a successful approach to improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, there has been an increasing amount of translational evidence highlighting the relevance of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells, indicating that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may be useful. Several molecular subgroups of gastric cancer have been identified to respond with excellent outcomes to immunotherapy, including microsatellite instable tumours, tumours bearing a high tumour mutational burden, and tumours related to a chronic EBV infection. In gastric cancer, immunotherapy has produced durable responses in chemo-refractory patients; however, most recently there has been a lot of enthusiasm as several large-scale clinical trials highlight the improved survival noted from the incorporation of immunotherapy in the first line setting for advanced gastric cancer. Our review aims to discuss current pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the innovative role of immunotherapy in gastric cancer.
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