Oral Tadalafil in Children with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

OBJECTIVE

Tadalafil is a selective Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that has been reported to have vasodilatory and antiproliferative effects on the pulmonary artery. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral tadalafil in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

METHODS

This open label study, prospective and interventional was carried out in 25 known patients aged 2 month-5 years in 3 medical centers in Iran, between March 2013-Jun 2014. Tadalafil suspension was administrated at 1 mg/kg daily for all patients. Hemodynamic and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and then monthly for a total of 4 visits.

RESULTS

19 patients received tadalafil as initial therapy, in all visits significant improvements in mean pulmonary arterial pressure were observed (p<0.01). Of the 25 patients, 6 (24%) had been on sildenafil for longer than 6 months. After transition from sildenafil to tadalafil clinical improvement was noted (p<0.05). Administration of tadalafil suspension was generally safe and well tolerated. Nausea was the most frequently reported adverse events which occurred in 3 patients during treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Oral tadalafil was administered easily and tolerated well and improved mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in children with PAH, which suggests that oral tadalafil may be more effective and safer than sildenafil in the treatment of PAH.

Changes in Serum TSH and T4 Levels after Switching the Levothyroxine Administration Time from before Breakfast to before Dinner

Background. Levothyroxine is commonly used in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is most often administered in the morning, on an empty stomach, in order to increase its oral absorption. However, many patients have difficulties taking levothyroxine in the morning. Aim. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of changing levothyroxine administration time from before breakfast to before dinner on the serum levels of TSH and T4. Subjects and Methods. Fifty patients between 18 and 75 years old with hypothyroidism were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups. Each group received two tablets per day (one levothyroxine tablet and one placebo tablet) 30 minutes before breakfast and 1 hour before dinner. After two months, the administration time for the tablets was changed for each group, and the new schedule was continued for a further two-month period. The serum TSH and T4 levels were measured before and after treatment in each group. Results. Changing the levothyroxine administration time resulted in 1.47 ± 0.51 µIU/mL increase in TSH level (p = 0.001) and 0.35 ± 1.05 µg/dL decrease in T4 level (p = 0.3). Conclusions. Changing the levothyroxine administration time from before breakfast to before dinner reduced the therapeutic efficacy of levothyroxine.