Rectal and perirectal CT findings in patients with monkeypox virus infection

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the findings of proctitis in patients with laboratory-confirmed Mpox and correlate the patient clinical presentation and laboratory findings.

METHODS

21 patients with PCR-positive Mpox who obtained abdominopelvic CT were retrospectively identified by electronic medical record search. Three radiologists independently evaluated CT images, measuring rectal wall thickness (cm), degree of perirectal fat stranding on a 5-point Likert scale, and size of perirectal lymph nodes (cm, short axis). Mann-Whitney U-test (Wilcoxon rank sum test) was used to assess the association of rectal wall thickness and perirectal fat standing between patients with rectal symptoms and patients without rectal symptoms.

RESULTS

20 of 21 patients presented with perirectal fat stranding, with mean Likert score of 3.0 ± 1.4, indicating moderate perirectal stranding. Mean transverse rectal wall thickness was 1.1 ± 0.5 cm (range 0.3-2.3 cm); it was thicker among patients with HIV (1.2 cm vs 0.7 cm; p = .019). Mean perirectal fat stranding was greater among patients presenting with HIV, and with rectal symptoms, though not significantly so. 17/21 (81%) patients had abnormal mesorectal lymph nodes by at least two of three readers, with mean short-axis measurement 1.0 ± 0.3 cm (range 0.5-1.6 cm). Multiple linear regression showed no significant correlation between rectal thickness and laboratory values or HIV status.

CONCLUSION

Nearly all patients with Mpox who presented with additional symptoms warranting a CT demonstrated proctitis. Degree of proctitis varied greatly within the cohort, with greatest thickening among patients with HIV. Physicians should have a high suspicion for proctitis in patients with suspected Mpox.

Nicotine exacerbates reproductive biomarkers via generation of free radicals in female Wistar rats: Protective role of Quercetin

Background: Nicotine has been widely reported to generate free radicals in several organs of the body. Therefore, this study investigated the ameliorative potentials of Quercetin on selected reproductive biomarkers in female Wistar rats.Methods: Forty female rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) which were treated as follows: Group I (CN) received normal saline (1 ml/kg bwt); Group II (LN) received nicotine (0.5 mg/kg bwt) only; Group III (HN) received nicotine (1.0 mg/kg bwt) only; however, Groups IV (LNA) and V (HNA) received 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of nicotine with 20 mg/kg of quercetin respectively. All administration were done orally and lasted 28 days. Results: Nicotine significant reduction in the bioavailability of estrogen and progesterone in the treated rats when compared to control. Furthermore, relative to the control group, nicotine administration resulted in significant elevation in MDAand consequently caused significant reduction in the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities. However, quercetin treatment ameliorated these alterations. Conclusion: Quercetin dampens the reproductive distruptive effects exerted by nicotine through anti-oxidative mechanism in female Wistar rats.

An in vivo reporter for tracking lipid droplet dynamics in transparent zebrafish

Lipid droplets are lipid storage organelles found in nearly all cell types from adipocytes to cancer cells. Although increasingly implicated in disease, current methods to study lipid droplets in vertebrate models rely on static imaging or the use of fluorescent dyes, limiting investigation of their rapid in vivo dynamics. To address this, we created a lipid droplet transgenic reporter in whole animals and cell culture by fusing tdTOMATO to Perilipin-2 (PLIN2), a lipid droplet structural protein. Expression of this transgene in transparent casper zebrafish enabled in vivo imaging of adipose depots responsive to nutrient deprivation and high-fat diet. Simultaneously, we performed a large-scale in vitro chemical screen of 1280 compounds and identified several novel regulators of lipolysis in adipocytes. Using our Tg(-3.5ubb:plin2-tdTomato) zebrafish line, we validated several of these novel regulators and revealed an unexpected role for nitric oxide in modulating adipocyte lipid droplets. Similarly, we expressed the PLIN2-tdTOMATO transgene in melanoma cells and found that the nitric oxide pathway also regulated lipid droplets in cancer. This model offers a tractable imaging platform to study lipid droplets across cell types and disease contexts using chemical, dietary, or genetic perturbations.

Pediatric renal pseudotumour

We present a case of 6-year-old female with history of respiratory distress who went into respiratory failure requiring intubation. Patient was subsequently found to be in hypertensive crisis with hyponatremic hypochloremic metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Renal ultrasound was performed to find the cause of hypertension. The ultrasound study demonstrated lobulated isoechoic to hyper echoic mass-like lesion in the middle and lower pole of the right kidney with increased vascularity on Color Doppler examination. The renal mass was finally diagnosed as a pseudotumour, representing hypertrophied portion of the spared normal renal parenchyma in otherwise atrophic right kidney. Diagnosis was made using a combination of US, MRI, DMSA and CT angiography thus avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.

Rampant caries experience in a Nigerian teaching hospital population

OBJECTIVES

A prospective study to find out the prevalence, pattern of distribution of rampant caries in patients treated at the outpatient clinic of the Dental Hospital, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex ( OAUTHC) Ile - Ife, Nigeria.

METHOD

A total of 403 child patients aged 1 to 5 years who attended the hospital from January 1998 to December 2002 were examined by the authors. Questionaires were given to the parents or guardians to complete.

RESULTS

The sample consisted of 213 males (52.8% ) and 190 females (47.2% ). Twenty two children (15males, 7 females) presented with rampant caries which was not statistically significant P >0.5. The prevalence of rampant caries was 5.5% . The peak age incidence was 4 years. More boys suffered rampant caries than girls with boy to girl ratio of 2:1. The pattern of distribution showed that the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors were affected in all the patients. Five patients had proximal caries out of which mandibular primary incisors of 3 children were involved and one child presented with palatal caries of the maxillary primary incisors.

CONCLUSION

The Dental Hospital, OAUTHC has experienced increased in number of rampant caries patients. Therefore emphasis on prevention of caries in suburban Nigerian children in Ile-Ife should be stepped up before it constitutes a significant oral health problem.