Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale: Translation, Test, and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version.
Nat Sci Sleep 2020;
12:843-854. [PMID:
33162761 PMCID:
PMC7643769 DOI:
10.2147/nss.s258471]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE
The purpose of the current study is to translate, test and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES) in Persian language.
METHODS
Participants consisted of two samples: a clinical sample of 120 patients (58%) with insomnia disorder meeting DSM-5 criteria for insomnia and a non-clinical sample of 110 participants (42%) with normal sleep. Both samples completed the following measures: GSES, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-10, Pre Sleep Arousal Scale-cognitive subscale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 and sleep diary.
RESULTS
Significant correlations were found between GSES and related measures in both groups. Principal component analysis indicated a single component accounted for 64.77% of total variance in the clinical group. Results of the fit estimates for the one-factor model were consistent with the previously specified fit criteria and adequately fitted the data in the non-clinical group. Statistical analyses showed that the GSES has acceptable internal consistency in terms of Cronbach's Alpha in the clinical (0.75) and non-clinical (0.77) samples. Test-retest reliability for a 4-week interval was significant (r = 0.70). The cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity of the scale were 6, 85% and 94.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The Persian translated and validated version of the GSES obtained adequate values in psychometric properties in both clinical and non-clinical samples and it can be used for research and clinical purposes in Iran.
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