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Topology sorting: Separating linear/star polymer blend components by imbibition in nanopores. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044912. [PMID: 38294315 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the imbibition and adsorption kinetics of a series of symmetric linear/star cis-1,4-polyisoprene blends within the long channels of self-ordered nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (abbreviated: AAO). Using in situ nanodielectric spectroscopy, we followed the evolution of the longest chain modes in the blends with a judicious selection of molar masses for the constituent components. We demonstrated differences in the imbibition kinetics of linear and star components based on the relative viscosities (e.g., polymers with lower zero-shear viscosity penetrated first the nanopores). Following the complete imbibition of the pores, the adsorption time, τads, of each component was evaluated from the reduction in the dielectric strength of the respective chain modes. In the majority of blends, both components exhibited slower adsorption kinetics with respect to the homopolymers. The only exception was the case of entangled stars mixed with shorter linear chains, the latter acting as a diluent for the star component. This gives rise to what is known as topology sorting, e.g., the separation of linear/star blend components in the absence of solvent. Moreover, a simple relation (τads ∼ 10 × tpeak; tpeak is the time needed for the complete filling of pores) was found for linear polymers and stars. This suggested that the characteristic timescale of imbibition (tpeak) governs the adsorption process of polymers. It further implied the possibility of predicting the adsorption times of high molar mass polymers of various architectures by the shorter imbibition times.
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Nanostructured Single-ion Polymer Blend Electrolytes Composed of Polyanionic Particles and Low Molecular Weight PEO. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1665-1671. [PMID: 37992200 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of single-ion solid polymer electrolytes with high ion conductivity holds the key to the realization of safe, long-lasting, high-energy batteries. Here we introduce the use of core-shell nanostructured polyanionic particles, composed of polyanion asymmetric miktoarm stars with a large number of glassy polystyrene-based polyanion arms that complement longer poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, arms, as additives to low molecular weight, liquid PEO. Due to the proposed macromolecular design approach, the polyanion particles are well dispersed for wt % ≤ 55 that enables the formation of a nanostructured single-ion electrolyte with highly interconnected channels composed of liquid PEO that promotes fast ion transport. Noticeably, while the ion conductivity remains fairly unaffected and close to 10-5 S/cm at room temperature with nanoparticle loading, the shear modulus monotonically increases by several order of magnitudes indicating a very strong decoupling between the antagonistic properties of mechanical modulus and ion conductivity.
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Synthesis and morphological characterization of linear and miktoarm star poly(solketal methacrylate)-block-polystyrene copolymers. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Synthesis of methacrylate polyanion chains via RAFT polymerization, kinetic study. Thermal properties of its copolymers with MMA and monomers’ reactivity ratios. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Non-equilibrium Effects of Polymer Dynamics under Nanometer Confinement: Effects of Architecture and Molar Mass. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5570-5581. [PMID: 35834553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-equilibrium dynamics of linear and star-shaped cis-1,4 polyisoprenes confined within nanoporous alumina is explored as a function of pore size, d, molar mass, and functionality (f = 2, 6, and 64). Two thermal protocols are tested: one resembling a quasi-static process (I) and another involving fast cooling followed by annealing (II). Although both protocols give identical equilibrium times, it is through protocol I that it is easier to extract the equilibrium times, teq, by the linear relationships of the characteristic peak frequencies with time and rate, respectively, as log(fmax) = C1 - k log(t) and log(fmax) = C2 + λ log(β). Both thermal protocols establish the existence of a critical temperature (at Tc, where k → 0 and λ → 0) below which non-equilibrium effects set-in. The critical temperature depends on the degree of confinement, 2Rg/d, and on molecular architecture. Strikingly, establishing equilibrium dynamics at all temperatures above the bulk, Tg, requires 2Rg/d ∼ 0.02, i.e., pore diameters that are much larger than the chain dimensions. This reflects non-equilibrium configurations of the adsorbed layer that extent away from the pore walls. The equilibrium times depend strongly on temperature, pore size, and functionality. In general, star-shaped polymers require longer times to reach equilibrium because of the higher tendency for adsorption. Both thermal protocols produced an increasing dielectric strength for the segmental and chain modes. The increase was beyond any densification, suggesting enhanced orientation correlations of subchain dipoles.
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Ion Conductivity–Shear Modulus Relationship of Single-Ion Solid Polymer Electrolytes Composed of Polyanionic Miktoarm Star Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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POS0132 THE FIRST ALGORITHM TO INTEGRATE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INFLAMMATORY ARTHROPATHY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: A STUDY FROM THE MSUS WORKING GROUP OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF RHEUMATOLOGY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMusculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of several Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) but its role in the diagnostic pathways in clinical practice is still unclear as feasibility issues limit its application as a bed side technique.ObjectivesTo optimize the use of US in clinical practice, the MSUS Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology aimed to develop an algorithm combining US with clinical and laboratory findings to improve the differential diagnosis among patients presenting with joint swelling.MethodsBased on a systematic literature review1 and experts’ opinion, MSUS Study Group Members attempt to identify a set of statements including the main US elementary lesions useful for US scanning in the suspicion of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Rheumatic Polymyalgia (PMR), Gout, Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD), Osteoarthritis (OA). Then, the MSUS Study Group defined through a survey and ranked in a 1000minds exercise the most important clinical/laboratory findings for the differential diagnosis of those diseases. Higher-ranked items were fitted in an algorithm driving the differential diagnosis of RMDs to a reduced spectrum of 2 to 4 possible diseases. Finally, the algorithm supported the performance of US according to the established scans for those specific diseases. To assess the algorithm’s performance, a pilot study was conducted on 59 patients, comparing the algorithm-based diagnosis with the final diagnosis based on rheumatologist’s experience and/or on classification criteria.ResultsSets of elementary US lesions and a scanning protocol for each included pathology were created (Table 1), optimized towards high sensibility and specificity. Among the findings evaluated, the age (<50 / ≥50 years old), the number of the involved joints (monoarticular/polyarticular), the serology (Rheumatoid Factor [RF] and anti-citrullinated protein antibody [ACPA]); the acute-phase reactants (C-reactive protein [CRP]; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) reached the higher ranking in the survey and were introduced in the algorithm, showed in Figure 1. In the pilot study, the algorithm-based diagnosis was consistent with the final diagnosis in 52 cases (accuracy 88.1%). Among the 7 cases in which the algorithm misclassified patients, four patients had a final diagnosis of OA (3 diagnosed by the algorithm as PMR/RA/PSA and one as PSA), one gout (algorithm diagnosis: OA/CPPD/PSA), one RA (algorithm diagnosis: Gout/CPPD/PSA) and one CPPD (algorithm diagnosis: PMR/RA/PSA).Table 1.Elementary ultrasound lesions and joints to be scanned for each included pathologyDiseaseSites to scanUS elementary lesionsRAII-IV MCPsSynovial Hypertrophy (SH), Power Doppler (PD), erosionsWristV MTPPsAII-III MCPsPeritendonitisPIPsEnthesitisSoft tissue oedemaFlexor tendons of the handsTenosynovitisSoft tissue oedemaAchille’s tendon enthesisPD, erosionsProximal patellar tendon enthesisCPPDKnees (menisci and Hyaline Cartilage)CPP depositsWrist (triangular fibrocartilage complex)Any involved sitesCPP deposits, SH, PDGoutKneesDouble contour, tophiI MTPInvolved sitesSHPDOAInvolved sitesOsteophytesCartilage changesPMRShouldersBursitisArthritisRotator cuff integrityFigure 1.The final algorithmConclusionThe diagnostic algorithm produced in this pilot study correctly classified patients with the most prevalent RMDs in clinical practice. A longitudinal study on a large sample size is ongoing to evaluate the added value of US when implemented in this algorithm regarding diagnostic certainty, accuracy and early diagnosis.References[1]Sakellariou G, Scirè CA, Adinolfi A, Batticciotto A, Bortoluzzi A, Delle Sedie A, et al. Differential Diagnosis of Inflammatory Arthropathies by Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Med. 7 maggio 2020;7:141.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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POS0011 COMPARISON OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF FOUR GLOBAL MEASURES OF PRESENTEEISM IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AND INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS: A EULAR-PRO STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundWork is an important outcome for people with inflammatory arthritis (IA including PsA, RA, AxSpA) and osteoarthritis (OA). It is known that people with IA and OA are at increased risk of sick leave and have to stop working early due to ill health. In addition to being at increased risk of becoming work disabled and increased absenteeism, high levels of presenteeism (i.e. reduced productivity/limited ability to work due to ill health whilst at work) have also been reported. Several instruments exist to measure presenteeism, including single-item global measures and multi-item instruments. In some studies using single-item global instruments may be more feasible. However, available global instruments differ in concept, recall period and reference. It is important to understand which of the measures have good psychometric properties before using them in clinical studies.ObjectivesTo assess the psychometric properties of four global presenteeism instruments.MethodsPatients with IA or OA were recruited via rheumatology outpatient clinics to a large international, longitudinal observational study including 8 European countries and Canada. Participants completed a survey at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4 wks, 2 months and 3 months. The four global measures of presenteeism included: Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), Work Productivity Scale–Rheumatoid Arthritis (WPS-RA), Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Quality*Quantity questionnaire (QQtotal/10) scale. To facilitate score interpretation the WAI and QQtotal were reversed. Pain was measured using an 11-point Likert scale. Spearman correlations were calculated between the presenteeism measures and the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale (WALS), a validated multi-item measure of presenteeism, and HAQ to evaluate construct validity (validity: r <0.50=low; r >0.50-<0.70=moderate; r >0.70=high). Test-retest reliability of the 4 presenteeism scales (baseline-1wk) was measured applying ICC in patients with stable disease (i.e. same pain score at baseline and 1wk) (reliability: ICC<0.40=poor; ICC 0.40-0.75=fair to good; ICC >0.75=excellent). Responsiveness during 3 months was measured comparing patients with improvement in pain score (>1 point improvement in pain score (~MCID pain)) with patients with no change or worsening in pain score. The two groups were compared applying Mann Whitney U test.ResultsThis international study included 550 patients with a mean age of 47.8 (SD 9.9) yrs and 61.4% were female. Mean (SD) disease duration since diagnosis was 10.8 (10.4) yrs and 91.2% had IA. Mean (SD) presenteeism scores at baseline were: WPAI=2.9 (2.7); WPS-RA=3.4 (2.7); WAI=2.7 (2.4); and QQtotal=3.1 (3.2). The correlations between the global measures and with WALS and HAQ were moderate to good, except for QQtotal and HAQ which was low (Table 1). In patients with the same stable pain scores at baseline-1wk (n=141) ICC scores were good to excellent, respectively: WPAI (0.771), WPS-RA (0.752), WAI (0.663), and QQtotal (0.650). An improvement in pain during the 3 month study duration was observed in 145/381 (38%) of the patients. In these patients a significant reduction in mean (SD) change presenteeism was observed for all four presenteeism scales compared to those with no change or worsening of the pain score: WPAI (-1.0 (2.37) vs 0.68 (2.40), p<0.01); WPS-RA (-0.76 (2.57) vs 0.43 (2.10), p<0.001); WAI (-0.09 (2.34) vs 0.41 (2.46), p<0.001); QQtotal (-0.57 (3.16) vs 0.79 (3.1), p<0.01).Table 1.WPAIWPS-RAWAIQQtotalWALSHAQWPAI-0.81640.59920.51840.62690.5592WPS-RA-0.58360.52170.60550.5669WAI-0.58660.52310.5168QQtotal-0.50250.4367ConclusionThe psychometric properties of all 4 global presenteeism scales were moderate to good, with slightly better scores for both the WPS-RA and WPAI instruments both measuring the impact of OA and IA on productivity.Disclosure of InterestsSuzanne Verstappen Consultant of: EUOSHA, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS. EULAR, Annelies Boonen Speakers bureau: Abbvie / Galapagos, Consultant of: Galapagos, Sarah Wilkinson: None declared, Dorcas Beaton: None declared, Ailsa Bosworth: None declared, José Canas da Silva: None declared, Gloria Crepaldi: None declared, Sabrina Dadoun: None declared, Cathie Hofstetter: None declared, Carina Mihai Speakers bureau: Boehringer-Ingelheim, Mepha, MED Talks Switzerland, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, Grant/research support from: Roche, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Sofia Ramiro Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Grant: AbbVie, Galapagos, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Garifallia Sakellariou Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS and Galapagos., Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS and Galapagos., Sandra Meisalu: None declared, Johan K Wallman Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer., Diane Lacaille: None declared
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OP0168 DEVELOPMENT OF AN ULTRASOUND SCORING SYSTEM FOR CPPD EXTENT: RESULTS FROM A DELPHI PROCESS AND WEB-RELIABILITY EXERCISE BY THE OMERACT US WORKING GROUP. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundUltrasound (US) has proven to be an excellent imaging technique for detecting calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition disease (CPPD); it is also widely available and inexpensive and can be performed during the clinic visit making it the preferred imaging modality for many rheumatologists. However, no validated grading systems have yet been developed allowing for a quantification of the extent of crystal deposition in CPPD.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a scoring system for the quantification of CPP deposition at a patient level according to the OMERACT framework.MethodsAs part of the OMERACT methodology, we performed a systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of CPP deposition in peripheral joints by imaging, in order to identify relevant joints for CPPD monitoring. A preliminary survey was also circulated among the members of the OMERACT US – CPPD working group to collect their own suggestions according to their personal experience. Subsequently, a Delphi survey was prepared and circulated between members of the group, including statements that reflected both the results of the SLR and of the preliminary survey. In total, 32 statements were generated regarding the type of scoring for single structures, the sites to be included, the final scoring at patient level, and the scanning technique. Participants were asked to reply on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree) and agreement was achieved when 4 and 5 grades reached 75% or more of concordance. In case of disagreement, new statements were proposed according to the members’ suggestions and circulated for voting in a subsequent round. After agreement of a scoring system, the validation process began. Two rounds of a web-based exercise on static images were conducted on 120 images representing equally all sites under investigation and all degrees of crystal deposition, to assess the intra- and inter-reader reliability of the new scoring system. Representative images of the scoring system were visible throughout the entire exercise in order to facilitate the scoring of the lesions.ResultsThree Delphi rounds were needed to reach agreement on all items. 32/41 members of the OMERACT US-CPPD working group replied in the first round, 26/32 in the second, and 25/26 in the third round. Twenty statements were approved in the first round, 3 in the second, and 3 in the third round. Only the knees (menisci and hyaline cartilage) and the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist were included in the final score, using a four-grade system (0-3). It was decided that each anatomical structure should be scored separately and then also summed in order to define the joint score. The sum of the assessed joints was the total score at patient level. The final scoring system with the definitions and the relative technical notes is represented in Figure 1. 33/41 members participated to the reliability exercise. The inter-reader reliability of the scoring was substantial (kappa of 0.72), and the intra-reader reliability was almost perfect (kappa of 0.82).ConclusionThis is the first study for developing a scoring system for the extent of CPP crystal deposition in patients with CPPD. The scoring system demonstrated to be reliable in static images. The next step of the validation process is to assess the reliability of the scoring system in a patient-based exercise. This study represents a fundamental step in the OMERACT process of validating US as an outcome measure instrument, and above proposed scoring system will hopefully provide a useful tool for clinical practice and research.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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POS0608 PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN THE DIAGNOSTIC DELAY AND PERSISTENTLY SEVERE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OVER THE YEARS IN AUTOANTIBODY-NEGATIVE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN THE SETTING OF AN EARLY ARTHRITIS CLINIC. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOver the past 20 years, despite the widespread diffusion of dedicated early arthritis clinics (EAC) and more sensitive classification criteria, the percentage of patients seen within the window of opportunity remains low, and the new RA criteria, heavily weighted on autoantibodies, may have further hindered the recognition and treatment of seronegative patients.Objectiveswe analysed changes in the diagnostic delay and clinical presentation of patients with RA admitted to the EAC of the Division of Rheumatology of the San Matteo University Hospital, Pavia, Italy, from its institution in 2005 to 2017.MethodsReferral criteria to the EAC have remained stable over the years and include ≥3 swollen joints (SJs) or, in case of <3 SJs, a positive squeeze test or morning stiffness >30 min. From all early arthritis patients (n=1.553), we selected 668 patients fulfilling at enrolment at least the 1987 ACR criteria for RA before December 2010 (n=345, 88.4% also fulfilling 2010 criteria), and at least the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria after January 2011 (n=323, 63.5% also fulfilling 1987 criteria). Time from first self-reported joint symptom to referral (diagnostic delay) was compared across different time periods: (i) 2005-2007; (ii) 2008-2010; (iii) 2011-2013; (iv) 2014-2017. Clinical characteristics were collected according to standardised assessments. Data were analysed in the total population and after stratification for the autoantibody status (double negative for rheumatoid factor, RF, and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, ACPA vs RF and/or ACPA positive).ResultsIn all, the diagnostic delay collectively increased from a mean (SD) of 20.8 (20.5) weeks before 2010 to 24.4 (20.6) weeks thereafter (p=0.02), and the proportion of patients diagnosed within 12 weeks non-significantly decreased from 39.3% to 35.3%. Still, patients presented with progressively milder inflammatory markers despite unchanged joint tenderness and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Trends were, however, remarkably different in different autoantibody subgroups. In RF/ACPA-positive patients, a stable proportion of 41-44% was diagnosed within 12 weeks (Figure 1A). At presentation, patients had fewer SJs and lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; the mean decrease of SJs and CRP from 2005-2007 to 2014-2017 were -5.6 and -1.1 mg/dl, respectively (Figure 1B). The improvement in PROs was smaller but still significant over time (Figure 1C). In contrast, in autoantibody-negative patients, the proportion of patients diagnosed within 12 weeks progressively decreased from 37.9% to 25.6% (p=0.08) (Figure 1D). Furthermore, the improvement over time of inflammatory features, especially of SJs, was significant but smaller than autoantibody-patients, and PROs such as pain and global assessment of disease activity remained severely impacting with mean values of up 60 mm even in recent times (Figure 1E,F).Figure 1.Time to diagnosis and clinical presentation of autoantibody-positive and –negative patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. (A, D) Proportion of patients diagnosed within 12 weeks from symptoms’ onset among autoantibody-positive (A) and autoantibody-negative (D) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different time periods. (B, C, E, F) Values of swollen joints (SJC28), C-reactive protein (CRP) (B, E), and visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain and patient global assessment (PGA) of disease activity (C, F) in autoantibody-positive (B, C) and autoantibody-negative (E, F) RA in different time periods. Values are expressed as means and standard errors.ConclusionCollectively, our data indicate that a large proportion of patients with RA still lack early diagnosis despite dedicated early access to rheumatology care; from 2010 onwards, autoantibody-positive patients are diagnosed with a milder and less disabling disease, while autoantibody-negative patients are at increased risk of delayed diagnosis, and remain burdened with severe diseaseDisclosure of InterestsLudovico De Stefano Speakers bureau: Gilead, Bernardo D’Onofrio: None declared, Garifallia Sakellariou: None declared, Antonio Manzo: None declared, Carlomaurizio Montecucco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Serena Bugatti Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Pfizer, Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Pfizer
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Effect of Star Architecture on the Dynamics of 1,4- cis-Polyisoprene under Nanometer Confinement. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Controlled block-polymerization of styrene, divinylbenzene and ethylene oxide. Intermolecular cross-linking towards well-defined miktoarm copolymer stars. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ceftazidime/avibactam and eravacycline susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in two Greek tertiary teaching hospitals. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021; 68:65-72. [PMID: 33522985 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the carbapenem resistance mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in two Greek tertiary teaching hospitals and their susceptibility to currently used and novel antimicrobial agents.Forty-seven carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae strains were collected in G. Papanikolaou and Ippokrateio hospital of Thessaloniki between 2016 and 2018. Strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted by Vitek 2 system (Biomérieux France). Susceptibility against new antimicrobial agents was examined by disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes.The meropenem-EDTA and meropenem-boronic acid synergy test performed on the 24 K. pneumoniae strains demonstrated that 8 (33.3%) yielded positive for metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) and 16 (66.6%) for K. pneumonia carbapenemases (KPC) production. Colistin demonstrated the highest in vitro activity (87.7%) among the 47 K. pneumoniae strains followed by gentamicin (76.5%) and tigecycline (51%). Among new antibiotics ceftazidime/avibactam showed the highest sensitivity (76.6%) in all strains followed by eravacycline (66.6%). The blaKPC gene was present in 30 strains (63.8%), the blaNDM in 11 (23.4%) and the blaVIM in 6 (12.8%). The blaOXA-48 gene was not detected.Well established antimicrobial agents such as colistin, gentamicin and tigecycline and novel antibiotics like ceftazidime/avibactam and eravacycline can be reliable options for the treatment of invasive infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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POS0145 PREDICTORS OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS DEVELOPMENT IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Up to 30% of Psoriasis (PsO) patients are prone to develop Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). Agreement on how to identify PsO patients at risk of developing PsA is still lacking (1).Objectives:To identify predictors of PsA development in PsO patients through a systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analyses (MA).Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases were searched (up to February 22nd, 2020). The PICO framework (population = PsO patients; intervention = clinical, environmental, imaging and genetic features; comparator = not applicable; outcome = PsA development) was used to design searches and define the eligibility of studies for inclusion. The MA focuses on 3 major features as possible predictors: i) PsO skin and nail involvement; ii) musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints; iii) inflammation and structural damage detected by imaging (Table 1). The sample estimates of the relative risk were pooled only when the studies were homogeneous in terms of cohort of patients, follow-up, study design and metrics.Results:4698 articles were screened for eligibility, 110 underwent a full reading and 29 were finally included. Figure 1 shows the study flow-chart for article selection. Though pooling was judge not appropriate, 5/7 prospective studies significantly support a predictive value of PsA development in patients with severe PsO (n=174635). While the predictive value of nail involvement is not well defined (n=2202), the pooled estimate from two cohort studies (n=474) supports nail pitting as predictor of PsA (RR=2.14 [1.32; 3.46]). Moving to the MSK complaints, the risk of developing PsA is about two times greater in PsO with than without arthralgia (pooled RR: 2.15 [1.16, 3.99]) within 2 years. Lastly, PsO patients with inflammation or structural damage detected by imaging are nearly four times more likely to develop PsA within 1-2 years (pooled RR from 4 cohort studies (n=247): 3.72 [2.12; 6.51]) (Table 1). The incidence rate of PsA varies from 1.34 to 5.9/100 p-ys in PsO and from 10.9 to 12.5/100 p-ys in PsOAr.Table 1.Studies reporting the major features as possible predictors of PsA development.PsO skin – severityPsO nail involvementPsO nail lesionsVariablesRelative Risk [95%CI]Follow-upWilson, 2009PsO nail involvementHRadjusted: 2.24 [1.26; 3.98]13.1±8.8 ysFaustini, 2015PASI score + PsO nail involvement/σ= -0.18[-0.84; 0.48] RR: 0.95 [0.37; 2.47]1.2±0.2 ysEder, 2016PASI score PsO nail involvement Type of PsO nail lesionsHR (>20vs<10): 5.39 [1.64; 17.7] HRunadjusted: 1.36 [0.76; 2.45] HRunadjusted: 2.21 [1.24; 3.92]4.1±2.1 ysEder, 2017PASI score + Type of PsO nail lesionsHRunadjusted: 1.05 [1.01; 1.09] HRunadjusted: 1.98 [0.83; 4.74]3.8±2.1 ysLewinson, 2017PsO severity defined from medicationsHRadjusted (moderate/severe vs mild): 5.02 [4.18; 6.04]5.1 ysEgeberg, 2018PsO severity defined from medicationsRR (severe vs mild): 1.31 [1.18; 1.46]18 ysElnady, 2019PASI score + PsO nail Involvement/σ= 0.79[-0.37; 1.95] RR: 1.43 [0.38; 5.31]2 ysGreen, 2020PsO severity defined from medicationRR (severe vs mild): 2.79 [2.49; 3.13]5.8 ysMSK-complaintsVariablesIncident-PsA casesFollow-upFaustini, 2015ArthralgiaRR: 1.98 [0.75; 5.19]1.2±0.2 ysEder, 2017ArthralgiaHRadjusted: 2.59 [1.15; 5.88]3.8±2.1 ysZabotti, 2019ArthralgiaRR: 4.44 [0.54; 36.72]1.6±0.5 ysSimon D, 2020ArthralgiaRR: 2.04 [0.86; 4.86]2.4±1.5 ysSub-clinical inflammation or structural damage detected by imagingVariablesIncident-PsA casesFollow-upFaustini, 2015MRIRR: 2.10 [0.75; 5.90]1.2±0.2 ysElnady, 2019MSK-USRR: 5.38 [1.17; 24.63]2 ysZabotti, 2019MSK-USRR: 6.86 [0.83; 56.63]1.6±0.5 ysSimon D, 2020HR-pQCTRR: 4.32 [1.96; 9.55]2.3±1.4 ysConclusion:Arthralgia and inflammation and/or structural damage detected by imaging are predictive features, likely prodromal, of PsA development. PsO severity and nail pitting are clinical manifestations related to PsA development.Figure 1.References:[1]Zabotti A, et al. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2020 May 16;22(6):24. doi: 10.1007/s11926-020-00891-x.Disclosure of Interests:Alen Zabotti Speakers bureau: UCB, Novartis, Janssen, Paid instructor for: Amgen, Consultant of: Janssen, Orazio De Lucia Speakers bureau: Not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: Not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: Not relevant for this type of study, Garifallia Sakellariou Consultant of: AbbVie, Novartis, Alberto Batticciotto Speakers bureau: Not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: Not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: Not relevant for this type of study, Gilberto Cincinelli: None declared, Ivan Giovannini: None declared, Luca Idolazzi Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, UCB, Celgene, MSD, Abbvie, Novartis, Paid instructor for: UCB, Gabriella Maioli Speakers bureau: Not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: Not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: Not relevant for this type of study, Ilaria Tinazzi Speakers bureau: Not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: Not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: Not relevant for this type of study, Daniel Aletaha Speakers bureau: not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: not relevant for this type of study, Salvatore De Vita Consultant of: GSK, Roche, Grant/research support from: Not relevant for this type of study, Antonio Marchesoni Speakers bureau: not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: not relevant for this type of study, Josef S. Smolen Speakers bureau: Not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: Not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: Not relevant for this type of study, Annamaria Iagnocco Speakers bureau: not relevant for this type of study, Paid instructor for: not relevant for this type of study, Consultant of: not relevant for this type of study, Grant/research support from: not relevant for this type of study, Dennis McGonagle Speakers bureau: ABBVIE, CELGENE, PFIZER, MSD, NOVARTIS, JANSSEN, UCB, GILEAD, BMS, LILLY, Grant/research support from: ABBVIE, CELGENE, PFIZER, MSD, NOVARTIS, JANSSEN, UCB, GILEAD, BMS, LILLY, Roberto Caporali Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celltrion, Galapagos, Gilead, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Sanofi, Fresenius Kabi, Samsung bioepis, MSD, Consultant of: Galapagos, Gilead, Lilly, Janssen, MSD
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Electrolysis on a Chip with Tunable Thin Film Nanostructured PGM Electrocatalysts Generated from Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Templates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100437. [PMID: 33991064 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled block copolymers are promising templates for fabricating thin film materials with tuned periodic feature sizes and geometry at the nanoscale. Here, a series of nanostructured platinum and iridium oxide electrocatalysts templated from poly(styrene)-block-poly(vinyl pyridine) (PSbPVP) block copolymers via an incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) pathway is reported. Both nanowire and nanocylinder electrocatalysts of varying feature sizes are assessed and higher catalyst loadings are achieved by the alkylation of the pyridine moieties in the PVP block prior to IWI. Electrocatalyst evaluations featuring hydrogen pump and water electrolysis demonstrations are carried out on interdigitated electrode (IDE) chips flexible with liquid supporting electrolytes and thin film polymer electrolytes. Notably, the mass activities of the nanostructured electrocatalysts from alkylated block copolymer templates are 35%-94% higher than electrocatalysts from non-alkylated block copolymer templates. Standing cylinder nanostructures lead to higher mass activities than lamellar variants despite their not having the largest surface area per unit catalyst loading demonstrating that mesostructure architectures have a profound impact on reactivity. Overall, IDE chips with model thin film electrocatalysts prepared from self-assembled block copolymers offer a high-throughput experimental method for correlating electrocatalyst nanostructure and composition to electrochemical reactivity.
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OP0223 DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DISEASE ACTIVITY AND DAMAGE SCORES IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE UPSTREAM (ULTRASOUND IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS TREATMENT) STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:The UPSTREAM (NCT03330769) is a 24-month multi-center prospective cohort study that primarily aims to evaluate the additional value of musculoskeletal ultrasound (msk-US) over clinical examination in predicting 6-month minimal disease activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). (1)Objectives:To develop and preliminarily validate an activity msk-US score and a damage msk-US score for PsA using the UPSTREAM database.Methods:Patients classified with PsA according to CASPAR criteria and starting a new course of therapy for clinically active peripheral joint disease were eligible. The information regarding objectives, study design, clinical and US assessment has already been published (1). The msk-US examination was performed in 42 joints, 36 tendons, 12 entheses and 2 bursae defined through a web-based exercise (2). The sonographic elementary lesions were allocated to disease activity [i.e. synovitis (sy), tenosynovitis (ts), peritendinitis (pt), bursitis (bs) all evaluated both in Grey Scale (GS) and Power Doppler (PD) and active enthesitis (en)] and to damage (i.e. joint erosion, bone proliferation, tendon tear, enthesophyte, calcification and irregular enthesis bone profile). Hands and feet X-ray were assessed using the modified Sharp-Van der Heijde (mSVH) score. A principal component (PC) analysis (PCA) was performed for each score and the number of PCs was defined by means of parallel analysis using baseline data. Each PC was normalized (n) taking into account the proportion between the observed value (e.g. sy-GS count) and the maximum expected value (e.g. 42 for sy-GS). Spearman’ correlation was used to investigate the construct and discrimination validity of the new scores.Results:Between February 2017 and May 2020, 312 PsA patients (155 men), with a mean (SD) age of 52.8 13.4, were enrolled from 19 centers; 22 expert sonographers were involved with substantial agreement for US lesions evaluated (k ≥0.7). The median [IQR] disease duration was 1.3 [0.1-6.1] years and the median [IQR] tender joint and swollen joint counts were 6 [3-13] and 2 [1-5], respectively. The weight derived from PCA for each sonographic lesions and the final equation for calculating the scores are reported in Figure 1 (1A activity and 1B damage). The final msk-US activity score [n(ts-GS + ts-PD)*2.87] + [n(bs-GS + bs-PD)*1.76] + [n(pt-GS + pt-PD)*1.43] + [n(active en)*1.00] + [n(sy-GS)*0.83] + [n(sy-PD)*0.45] has the best construct and discrimination validities according to a significant correlation with all clinical variables usually related to clinical activity (Table 1). The msk-US damage score correlated with mSVH score, HAQ and other clinical variables (Table 1).Table 1.VariablesMsk-US activity scoreMsk-US damage scoreSpearman correlationP-valueSpearman correlationP-valueESR0.1960.0020.0750.235CRP0.209<0.0010.0680.254TJC0.338<0.0010.286<0.001SJC0.338<0.0010.0720.221Dactylitis count0.284<0.001-0.0610.306LEI0.1940.0010.214<0.001Physician GA0.150.0120.0160.793Patient GA activity0.1380.018-0.0730.221Patient GA pain0.1990.001-0.0270.648HAQ0.238<0.0010.1460.014BASDAI0.237<0.0010.1750.003PSAID-90.70.0040.1480.013DAPSA0.392<0.0010.228<0.001Sharp van Der Heijde score0.1150.20.2660.003Figure 1.Conclusion:These newly developed and preliminary validated msk-US activity and damage scores could be used in patients with PsA in the context of observational and controlled trials.References:[1]Canzoni M et al. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e021942.[2]Zabotti A et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77:1537–1538.Acknowledgements:Alberto Batticciotto; Oscar Massimiliano Epis; Luisa Arcarese; Luca Navarini; Marta Caprioli; Mirco Magnani; Roberta Ramonda; Marco Amedeo CimminoDisclosure of Interests:Alen Zabotti: None declared, Matteo Piga: None declared, Anna Zanetti: None declared, Marco Canzoni: None declared, nicola boffini: None declared, valentina picerno: None declared, Giovanni Zanframundo: None declared, Ettore Silvagni: None declared, Ivan Giovannini: None declared, BERND RAFFEINER: None declared, Palma Scolieri: None declared, Paola Mancini: None declared, Simone Parisi: None declared, Alessandra Bortoluzzi Grant/research support from: GSK, Garifallia Sakellariou Consultant of: Consultant for Abbvie and Novartis, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Ilaria Tinazzi: None declared, Fabiana Figus: None declared, Luca Idolazzi Speakers bureau: Received grants as speaker for Eli Lilly, UCB, Celgene, MSD, Abbvie, Novartis, Paid instructor for: Paid instructor for UCB during Product specialist Meeting, Mariagrazia Lorenzin: None declared, Sara Zandonella Callegher: None declared, Alberto Cauli: None declared, Greta Carrara: None declared, Carlo Alberto Scirè: None declared, Annamaria Iagnocco: None declared
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POS1141 ASSESSING RELEVANT JOINTS FOR MONITORING CPPD DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF IMAGING TECHNIQUES BY THE OMERACT ULTRASOUND – CPPD SUBGROUP. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Imaging has been extensively used for the Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD) diagnosis but the prevalence of joint calcifications at imaging in CPPD patients has not been thoroughly assessed.Objectives:This systematic literature review (SLR) is aimed to estimate the prevalence of calcium crystal deposition in peripheral joints by imaging in suspected or definite CPPD patients to establish relevant joints for CPPD monitoringMethods:After defining PICOs, Pubmed and Embase were searched from inception to October 2020 for identifying studies that evaluated the use of Conventional Radiography (CR), Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) and Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in detecting calcifications at peripheral joints in patients with defined or probable CPPD. Search strategies based on MeSH terms and free text were applied. Six reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, eligible article full texts were evaluated for inclusion and data extraction.Results:The SLR identified 1149 manuscripts. 524 papers entered in the full text evaluation and 181 articles were finally included. Considering excluded abstracts and full texts, 23 and 17 were excluded as duplicate, 156 and 9 for language, 171 and 48 for population, 171 and 20 for intervention, 57 and 117 for outcome, 47 and 70 for study type and 76 for full text unavailability. Among included, 41 papers considered patients with definite CPPD with a total population of 1239 patients, 908 cases and 331 controls and 140 papers referred to patients with suspected CPPD with a total population of 26785 patients, 2896 affected by CPPD and 23889 controls. The results about all joints are summarized in the Table 1. In patients with definite diagnosis, knee and wrist are the joints with the highest prevalence of calcifications at all imaging types, followed by hip and acromion-clavicular joint while in patients with suspected CPPD, the knee is the most prevalent followed by the wrist, hip and ankle (only sites with more than 50 patients assessed considered). The hand joints are characterized by CPPD lowest prevalence at imaging. Bilateral imaging findings varies depending on the technique used, the site and the patient’s type.Table 1.Definite CPPD DiagnosisKNEEWRISTHANDELBOWSHOULDERACHIPANKLEFOOTTMXRImaging positive cases/all cases330/584 57%214/409 52%43/158 27%54/212 25%65/249 26%37/84 44%140/293 48%30/255 12%15/59 25%0Cases positivebilaterally99/146 68%30/79 38%0/104/12 33%2/2 100%9/17 53%7/10 70%7/10 70%00USImaging positive cases/all cases155/252 62%86/118 75%4/42 9%2/2 100%0/304/30 13%47/80 59%30/255 12%15/59 25%0Cases positivebilaterally83/96 86%33/47 70%1/ 4 25%003/ 4 75%29/47 62%7/10 70%00CTImaging positive cases/all cases41/50 82%22/28 78%00000000Cases positivebilaterally27/30 90%000000000DECTImaging positive cases/all cases8/10 80%9/10 90%1/1 100%0000000Cases positivebilaterally001/1 100%0000000Suspected CPPD diagnosisKNEEWRISTHANDELBOWSHOULDERACHIPANKLEFOOTTMXRImaging positive cases/all cases1989/2442 81%549/1024 54%98/602 16%29/72 40%75/185 41%27/31 87%322/887 36%56/116 48%24/42 57%0Cases positive bilaterally611/1068 57%209/334 63%64/85 75%22/23 96%41/46 89%0/294/196 48%44/53 83%18/19 95%0USImaging positive cases/all cases241/261 93%125/185 68%2/39 5%1/1 100%4/12 33%02/2 100%27/78 35%8/37 22%0Cases positivebilaterally4/9 44%74/93 80%00000000CTImaging positive cases/all cases019/23 83%002/2 100%02/2 100%001/1 100%Cases positivebilaterally0000000001/1 100%DECTImaging positive cases/all cases1/1 100%2/2 100%00000000Cases positivebilaterally1/1 100%000000000Table 1 For each joint, are summarized the ratio between positive joints and overall evaluated joints and the ratio between the joints positive bilaterally and overall joints evaluated bilaterally.AC Acromion Clavicular, TM temporo mandibularConclusion:According to the results of this SLR, knees and wrists could be the sentinel joints for CPPD detection by imaging.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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AB0598 EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND GUIDED INJECTIONS OF A CROSS-LINKED SODIUM HYALURONATE COMBINED WITH TRIAMCINOLONE HEXACETONIDE FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:According to guidelines, the use of steroid and/or hyaluronate (HA) intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is controversial. Heterogeneity of studies and difference in HAs characteristics does not allow to draw safe conclusions. One of the major concerns is the accuracy of the procedure as up to 1/3 of injections could miss joint space when performed blindly (1), negatively affecting the efficacy of HA that needs to be placed correctly in the joint spaceObjectives:The aim of our study was to evaluate the longterm efficacy of a novel association of a Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (SHCTH) in patients with KOA in a real life setting.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and ultrasonographic (US) data of patients (pts) affected by symptomatic KOA with intra-articular injections of SHCTH (1 injection every 6 months). Pts with concomitant inflammatory arthropaties were excluded. US guidance was carried out with the “in plane” technique choosing either the lateral suprapatellar or midpatellar approach. All pts were evaluated for pain with a VAS 0-10 for pain at baseline and after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, with the WOMAC questionnaire and with US, scoring joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power Doppler (PD) synovial signal. Due to the retrospective design, the WOMAC data were available as VAS or Likert scales; to allow comparability these values were standardized. Clinical and US variables at different time points were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sing test, the McNemar test or the paired samples t-test, depending on the variable.Results:49 knees (43 pts, median age 70.6 years, 24 women) were included in the study. Kellgren Lawrence grade was 1 for 5 knees, 2 for 10, 3 for 17 and 4 for 9. SHCTH was delivered correctly in the joint space in all patients as assessed by US check during the injection and no side effects occurred. Of the 49 knees, 28 had an available 6 months follow-up, while 21 completed the 12 months follow-up, with an attrition mostly related to the COVID 19 pandemic. A rapid and sustained statistically significant decrease of both VAS pain and the WOMAC subscales was observed. The reduction of pain was already significant at 2 weeks, probably thanks to the corticosteroid component. At US evaluation, effusion significantly decreased at all time points. Although SH scores also significantly decreased, the effect on the proportion of affected joints was not as relevant. The reduction of PD was significant until month 9. Detailed results are presented in Table 1.Conclusion:Our data show that US guided SHCTH injections provide a rapid and sustained clinical response in patients with symptomatic OA. Besides the effect on pain, the US data confirm the effect of the drug on the inflammation. US guidance guaranteed the correct placement of the product in all patients and eliminated the bias of wrong placement that may occur with blind injections, thus allowing to draw safe conclusions on the efficacy of SHCTH for the treatment of KOA.References:[1]Jones A, Regan M, Ledingham J, et al. Importance of placement of intra-articular steroid injections. BMJ 1993;307:1329–30.Table 1.Table 1. Clinical and US measures. p values refer to the comparison with baseline. WOMAC subscales were compared by paired samples t test. *hypothesis test not applicablebaseline2 weeks1 month3 months6 months9 months12 monthsVAS (median,IQR)6 (5-8)3 (1-4.25) p<0.00012 (0.5-3-5) p<0.00011.5 (0-3) p<0.00011.5 (0-4) p<0.00011 (0-2.75) p<0.00011 (0-3.25) p<0.0001WOMAC pain--p 0.028p 0.0004p 0.0036p 0.0096p 0.0064WOMAC stiffness--p 0.048p 0.040p 0.0388p<0.0001p 0.0083WOMAC function--p 0.043p 0.0005p 0.0014p 0.01p 0.007Effusion 0-3 (median,IQR)2 (1-2)-1 (0-1) p<0.00011 (0-1) p<0.00011 (0-1) p 0.00010 (0-1) p<0.00011 (0-1) p<0.0001Synovial Hypertrophy 0-3 (median,IQR)1 (1-2)-1 (1-1) p 0.0021 (1-1) p 0.00011 (1-1) p 0.00011 (0-1) p 0.00011 (0.5-1) p 0.0001PD 0-3 (median,IQR)0 (0-0)-0 (0-0) p 0.030 (0-0) p 0.030 (0-0) P 0.061 (0-1) p 0.010 (0-0) p 0.31Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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POS0214 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND 10-YEAR RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING THE ERS-RA SCORE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CORDIS COHORT. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Expanded Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Score for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ERS-RA) estimates the 10-year risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or CVD-related death based on conventional and RA-specific (clinical disease activity index, CDAI, disease duration, glucocorticoid use) risk factors (1).Objectives:We evaluated the associations between ERS-RA 10-year risk of CVD, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations, and pharmacological treatment in 1,251 RA patients collected by the “Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic Disease Study (CORDIS)” group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR).Methods:We assessed independent associations between ERS-RA risk score and each relevant variable using multivariate regression (ENTER approach; listwise deletion analysis). Given the relatively high number of missing hs-CRP data (n=385), regression analysis was also performed using multiple imputation (10 sets, Stata 16.1). Regression models were not adjusted for independent variables included in the ERS-RA score.Results:Among 1,251 RA patients [mean (SD) age 60.4(9.3), range (40-80) years; 78% female; mean (SD) disease duration, 11.6(8) years; mean (SD) CDAI, 9(9); mean (SD) HAQ, 0.77(0.7); mean (SD) hs-CRP, 6.8(12) mg/L] the estimated 10-year CVD risk was 11.6(0.9) % [mean (SD)]. Regarding treatment, 539(43%) received glucocorticoids, 676(54%) a biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD) (n missing=1), and 885(81%) at least one conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD). Ninety-three (7.4%) patients did not receive any treatment. After adjusting for the use of b/tsDMARD and csDMARD, hs-CRP concentrations were significantly associated with 10-year risk of CVD both in standard multiple regression (n=865; coefficient=0.005 for each 10 mg/L hs-CRP increment, 95% confidence interval (0.000-0.100), p=0.043) and after multiple imputation (n=1,251; coefficient=0.005 for each 10 mg/L hs-CRP increment, 95% confidence interval (0.000-0.114), p=0.035) (Table 1). This corresponds to an increase of 10-year CV risk of 1% for every 20 mg/L increase in hs-CRP concentrations.Conclusion:In a large cohort of RA patients, we observed a significant, positive, and independent association between hs-CRP concentrations and 10-year CV risk estimated by ERS-RA. The cross-sectional design of the study did not allow to establish a cause-effect relationship between hs-CRP and CV risk. Given that conventional CV risk factors and inflammation-related variables are accounted for in the ERS-RA risk score, other, unexplored, mechanisms may underlie the observed association between hs-CRP and CV risk.References:[1]Solomon, D. H., et al. “Derivation and internal validation of an expanded cardiovascular risk prediction score for rheumatoid arthritis: a Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America Registry Study.” Arthritis & rheumatology 67.8 (2015): 1995-2003.Table 1.Multiple regression modelsModel 1n= 865Model 2n= 1, 251ERS-RA scoreCoefficient95% CI, pCoefficient95% CI, phs-CRP, every 10 mg/L increment0.0050.000 to 0.100, 0.0430.0050.000 to 0.011, 0.035b/tsDMARD use-0.002-0.005 to 0.001, 0.199-0.000-0.002 to 0.002, 0.963csDMARD use0.002-0.003 to 0.007, 0.3940.002-0.002 to 0.006, 0.371Prob >F, model with only CRP0.030.03Prob >F, full model0.070.08A multiple linear regression (ENTER method) was performed for the dependent variable ERS-RA score using a listwise deletion analysis (Model 1) and a multiple imputation analysis (Model 2).Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Understanding the ionic activity and conductivity value differences between random copolymer electrolytes and block copolymer electrolytes of the same chemistry. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15078-15084. [PMID: 35424026 PMCID: PMC8697982 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a systematic study where the macromolecular architectures of poly(styrene-block-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer electrolytes (BCE) are varied and their activity coefficients and ionic conductivities are compared and rationalized versus a random copolymer electrolyte (RCE) of the same repeat unit chemistry. By performing quartz crystal microbalance, ion-sorption, and ionic conductivity measurements of the thin film copolymer electrolytes, it is found that the RCE has higher ionic activity coefficients. This observation is ascribed to the fact that the ionic groups in the RCE are more spaced out, reducing the overall chain charge density. However, the ionic conductivity of the BCE is 50% higher and 17% higher after the conductivity is normalized by their ion exchange capacity values on a volumetric basis. This is attributed to the presence of percolated pathways in the BCE. To complement the experimental findings, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the BCE has larger water cluster sizes, rotational dynamics, and diffusion coefficients, which are contributing factors to the higher ionic conductivity of the BCE variant. The findings herein motivate the design of new polymer electrolyte chemistries that exploit the advantages of both RCEs and BCEs.
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THU0257 ESTIMATED 10-YEARS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE “CARDIOVASCULAR OBESITY AND RHEUMATIC DISEASE (CORDIS)” STUDY GROUP OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF RHEUMATOLOGY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at high risk for CV events, and EULAR recommends assessing the 10-year CV-risk using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) [1]. The QRISK3, another score to assess CV-risk in UK population, considers different factors among which also SLE. The Progetto Cuore score (PCS) is validated to estimate CV risk in Italian people and largely replicates the SCORE project [2].Objectives:This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate CV-risk using SCORE, QRISK3 and, for the first time, PCS in a multicentric cohort of Italian SLE patients.Methods:During 2019 we evaluated 173 SLE patients (87.7% female; age 40±16 years; disease duration 138±105 months), fulfilling the 1997 ACR classification criteria. Clinical and laboratory data were registered, and individual CV-risk was calculated using suitable algorithms for the SCORE, QRISK3 and PCS. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Instat 8.0 (San Diego, CA-USA).Results:In 13 (7%) SLE patients a previous CV event was recorded. Hypertension was present in 60 (37.5%) and diabetes in 27 (16.9%) patients. Mean total cholesterol was 184±39 mg/dL, HDLc 58±18 mg/dL, LDLc 124±37 mg/dL, triglycerides 105±63 mg/dL; dyslipidaemia was reported in 58 (36.2%) patients and 29 (18.1%) were on statin. Mean BMI was 24.9±5.3 Kg/sm, 60 (37.5%) and 23 (14.3%) patients were overweight and obese, while 25 (15.6%) patients were smokers. 87 (54.3%) SLE patients had a SLEDAI<4, 91% of patients were taken HCQ and 65% were on prednisone (mean dose 5.4±5.9 mg/day), but only 7.5% took >7.5 mg/day. The CV-risk of SLE patients according to SCORE, QRISK3 and PCS was 1.1±2.1%, 10.5±12.3% and 3.7±5.4%, respectively. Stratifying patients at low, moderate or high CV risk according to the PCS and SCORE a double proportion of patients was at moderate (8% vs 3.9%) or high (1.9% vs 0.9%) CV risk (p=0.03). Finally, CV-risk according to QRISK3 was higher than 20% (high risk) in 32/160 (20%) patients.Conclusion:This multicentre study demonstrated that the mean estimated CV-risk in SLE patients is globally low using the SCORE, QRISK3 and PCS. The PCS seems to better intercept those patients at moderate/high risk, at least in Italian SLE patients, while QRISK3 predicts the highest CV risk. The lack of disease-specific CV-risk factors (such as autoantibodies profile or organ involvement) probably account for the underestimation of CV risk using the SCORE and PCS.References:[1]ARD 2019;78(6):736-745.[2]ARD 2019;0:1–2.doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215715Disclosure of Interests:Fabio Cacciapaglia Speakers bureau: BMS; Roche; Pfizer; Abbvie, Andreina Manfredi: None declared, Gianluca Erre: None declared, Elena Bartoloni Bocci: None declared, Garifallia Sakellariou Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, MSD, Ombretta Viapiana: None declared, Sergio Colella: None declared, Anna Abbruzzese: None declared, Marco Fornaro: None declared, Giacomo Cafaro: None declared, Maria Antonietta Fenu: None declared, Bianca Lucia Palermo: None declared, Martina Dessì: None declared, Adalgisa Palermo: None declared, Alessandro Giollo: None declared, Elisa Gremese Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, Roche, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, Roche, Pfizer, Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Lilly, BMS, Celgene, Fabiola Atzeni: None declared, Matteo Piga: None declared
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SAT0092 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES: AN ITALIAN RHEUMATOLOGISTS’ SURVEY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory arthritis. The growing attention to the CV risk characterizing patients with autoimmune inflammatory disease led EULAR to provide recommendations on CV risk management (1). To date, there are no data on the adherence to EULAR recommendation among Italian rheumatologists.Objectives:Our objective was to measure the level of awareness and the attitude to manage CV risk.Methods:Italian rheumatologists were invited to anonymously answer a web-based questionnaire designed by the steering committee of the Cardiovascualr and Obesity in Rheumatic Diseases (CORDIS) study group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology. The first part of the questionnaire concerned demographic information; the subsequent questions concerned the attitude to assess CV risk and the limitations for not assessing, the specific CV risks considered in the clinical practice and their management. Data are presented using standard summary statistics and were expressed as mean+/-standard deviation or median (interquartile range) according to variables’ distribution.Results:One thousand-three hundred rheumatologists (of whom 500 are under 40 and 100 over 70 years of age) have been invited by email to complete the survey. The questionnaire has been filled by 102 rheumatologists (7.85%) (53 females and 49 males) with a median age of 38 years (32-48) and a median of 4 (0-15) years of specialization. Most of the physician who answered the questionnaire works in University Hospitals (67/102; 65.7%), 22 out of 102 (21.6%) in non-academic Hospitals, and the remaining 12,7% in territorial outpatient clinics.When asked if they usually evaluate CV risk in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, 67/102 (67.2%) answered positively, 18 no (17.6%) and 7 did not answer the question; 82% of those who routinely assess the CV do it by themselves. The barriers limiting the assessment of CV risk included: i) lack of time (79%); ii) complex management (12%); inadequate training (9%).As for the CV risk factors, lipid profile, hypertension and diabetes are assessed by most of the rheumatologists (90%, 89% and 88%, respectively), family history by 78% and body mass index by 75.3% and waist circumference only by 25% of those who completed the survey.Finally, only 18.6% stated that they manage by themselves CV risk in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases while 50% refer patients to other specialists and 23.4% to general practitioner.Conclusion:Despite the growing awareness on the CV risk characterizing patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease, about one third of young Italian rheumatologists does not strictly adhere to the EULAR recommendations on CV management, mostly due to insufficient time during the routine care visits.References:[1] Agca R et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76: 17-28.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Lilly, BMS, Celgene, Fabio Cacciapaglia Speakers bureau: BMS; Roche; Pfizer; Abbvie, Fabiola Atzeni: None declared, Gianluca Erre: None declared, Andreina Manfredi: None declared, Elena Bartoloni Bocci: None declared, Matteo Piga: None declared, Garifallia Sakellariou Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, MSD, Ombretta Viapiana: None declared, Elisa Gremese Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Jannsen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, UCB
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THU0127 Estimated cardiovascular risk in a large cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients from the “Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic DISease (CORDIS)” Study Group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients present high cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and EULAR recommends estimating their CV-risk [1]. The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm is suggested if National Guidelines are lack, but few data are available about different strategies.Objectives:To estimate the 10-years CV-risk using different algorithms in RA compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients, as control group.Methods:A total of 1467 RA patients (78.3% female; mean age 59.8±11.5 years; mean disease duration 131±109 months), fulfilling the 2010 EULAR/ACR classification criteria, and 342 age and sex matched patients with OA (79.8% female; mean age 58.7±11.5 years) were enrolled in this multicentre cross-sectional study during 2019. Clinical and laboratory data were registered, and individual CV-risk was calculated using: SCORE chart, “Progetto Cuore” model (PCM), QRisk3, Reynolds Risk Scores (RRS) and Expanded Risk Score in RA (ERS-RA), as stated by suitable algorithms. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical System Graphpad Instat 8.0 (San Diego, CA-USA).Results:In 46 (3%) RA patients a previous CV event was observed. Among traditional CV-risk factors, RA patients presented higher frequency of diabetes (9.9% vs 6.4%; p=0.04) and lower prevalence of dyslipidaemia (21.7% vs 32.5%; p<0.0001) compared to OA patients. Prevalence of hypertension was similar in both groups (40% vs 39.2%). Mean BMI (25.6±4.8 vs 26.6±4.4; p<0.0001) and prevalence of obesity (15% vs 21%; p=0.003) were significantly lower in RA patients. Finally, RA patients were more frequently smokers (20.4% vs 12.5% - p=0.002). 441 (30%) RA patients were in CDAI remission, 998 (68%) patients were on csDMARDs while a biologic agent was used in 617 (42%) patients. About 43% of RA patients were on a mean prednisone-dose of 4.5±3.5 mg/day. The 10-years CV-risk resulted 2 to 3-fold higher in RA compared to OA patients using the different algorithms. The QRisk3 estimated the highest CV risk in our cohort of patients, while the ERS-RA and RRS were significantly higher than PCM and SCORE.Conclusion:Our study demonstrates a higher estimated CV-risk in RA compared to OA patients. The commonly used algorithms to estimate CV-risk in clinical practice perform differently, evaluating different traditional CV-risk factors and disease specific characteristic, as for QRisk3 or ERS-RA. Rheumatologist should impact on both traditional and RA related modifiable CV-risk factors.References:[1]Agca R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:17–28.Disclosure of Interests:Fabio Cacciapaglia Speakers bureau: BMS; Roche; Pfizer; Abbvie, Matteo Piga: None declared, Gianluca Erre: None declared, Andreina Manfredi: None declared, Elena Bartoloni Bocci: None declared, Garifallia Sakellariou Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, MSD, Ombretta Viapiana: None declared, Sergio Colella: None declared, Anna Abbruzzese: None declared, Martina Dessì: None declared, Caterina Vacchi: None declared, Floriana Castagna: None declared, Giacomo Cafaro: None declared, Bianca Lucia Palermo: None declared, Alessandro GIollo: None declared, Marco Fornaro: None declared, Elisa Gremese Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, Roche, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi, UCB, Roche, Pfizer, Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Lilly, BMS, Celgene, Fabiola Atzeni: None declared
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Designing All-Polymer Nanostructured Solid Electrolytes: Advances and Prospects. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2531-2540. [PMID: 32095677 PMCID: PMC7033665 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-phase nanostructured polymer electrolytes, where the one phase conducts ions while the other imparts the desired mechanical properties, are currently the most promising candidates for solid-state electrolytes in high-density lithium metal batteries. In contrast to homogeneous polymer electrolytes, where ion transport is coupled with polymer segmental dynamics and any attempt to improve conductivity via faster polymer motions results in a decrease in stiffness, nanostructured materials efficiently decouple these two antagonistic parameters. Nevertheless, for reasons discussed herein the synthesis of a polymer electrolyte that simultaneously has a shear modulus of G' ≈ GPa and an ion conductivity of σ > 10-4 S/cm (in the case dual ion conductor) or of σ > 10-5 S/cm (in the case of single-ion conductor) remains a challenge. This review focuses on recent designing strategies for the synthesis of all-polymer nanostructured electrolytes, and protocols for introducing a single-ion character in such materials.
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Nail ultrasonography for psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis patients: a systematic literature review. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:1391-1404. [PMID: 31440917 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To systematically review the role of ultrasound (US) in the assessment of the joint-enthesial-nail apparatus in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or psoriasis (PSO) in terms of prevalence, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment. A systematic literature review was conducted through medical databases (PubMed, Embase) and the grey literature up to February 2018. The main areas of application of nail US were first identified, allowing the development of research questions, which were rephrased following the PICOs methodology to develop inclusion criteria. Of the 585 studies produced by PubMed and Embase searches, 17 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Five additional studies were included: 1 from the hand search and 4 from the 2016-2017 ACR and EULAR congresses. The prevalence of nail plate changes varied from < 10 to 97%, for power Doppler signal from 20-30 to 96% and distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ) involvement from 8.9 to 100%. The performance of US nail/DIJ abnormalities in the diagnosis of PsA and PSO elementary lesions was analysed by five studies, with a wide heterogeneity. Reproducibility and reliability of US nil/DIJ were assessed by interclass correlation coefficient or Cohen's k and their values ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. The value of US nail/DIJ in the monitoring of the lesions was analysed only by a single study. The analysis revealed applications for US nail/DIJ in PsA and PSO and highlights limitations. Validation is strongly needed to demonstrate its appropriateness in the clinical practice and to define its diagnostic and prognostic role.
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Leveraging Molecular Architecture To Design New, All-Polymer Solid Electrolytes with Simultaneous Enhancement in Modulus and Ionic Conductivity. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Free Surface Relaxations of Star-Shaped Polymer Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:227801. [PMID: 29286814 PMCID: PMC5839106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.227801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The surface relaxation dynamics of supported star-shaped polymer thin films are shown to be slower than the bulk, persisting up to temperatures at least 50 K above the bulk glass transition temperature T_{g}^{bulk}. This behavior, exhibited by star-shaped polystyrenes with functionality f=8 arms and molecular weights per arm M_{arm}
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Nanostructured Polymer Particles as Additives for High Conductivity, High Modulus Solid Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Glassy Dynamics of Polymers with Star-Shaped Topologies: Roles of Molecular Functionality, Arm Length, and Film Thickness. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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SAT0061 Concurrent Ultrasound-Detected Synovitis and Tenosynovitis Predict Flare in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Clinical Remission. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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SAT0098 Risk of Hospitalization for Serious Bacterial Infections in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Biologics. Analysis from The Record Study of The Italian Society for Rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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AB0270 Worsening of Diagnostic Delay in Early Arthritis during The Last 10 Years: A Single Center Experience. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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OP0118 Development of The Eular Recommendations for The Use of Imaging in The Clinical Management of Osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Phase behavior of diblock copolymer/star-shaped polymer thin film mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3849-3853. [PMID: 27074835 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00627b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the phase behavior of thin film, thickness h≈ 100 nm, mixtures of a polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) diblock copolymer with star-shaped polystyrene (SPS) molecules of varying functionalities f, where 4 ≤f≤ 64, and molecular weights per arm Marm. The miscibility of the system and the surface composition varied appreciably with Marm and f. For large values of Marm, regardless of f, the miscibility of the system was qualitatively similar to that of linear chain PS/PS-b-P2VP mixtures - the copolymer chains aggregate to form micelles, each composed of an inner P2VP core and PS corona, which preferentially segregate to the free surface. On the other hand, for large f and small Marm, SPS molecules preferentially resided at the free surface. Moreover, blends containing SPS molecules with the highest values of f and lowest values of Marm were phase separated. These observations are rationalized in terms of competing entropic interactions and the dependence of the surface tension of the star-shaped molecules on Marm and f.
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A New Family of Fullerene Derivatives Bearing Long Alkyl and Triethyleneglycol Moieties. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
We show evidence of thickness-dependent elastic mechanical moduli that are associated largely with the effects of architecture (topology) and the overall shape of the macromolecule. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanoindentation experiments were performed on linear chain polystyrene (LPS) and star-shaped polystyrene (SPS) macromolecules of varying functionalities (number of arms, f) and molecular weights per arm Mwarm. The out-of-plane elastic moduli E(h) increased with decreasing film thickness, h, for h less than a threshold film thickness, hth. For SPS with f ≤ 64 and Mwarm > 9 kg/mol, the dependencies of E(h) on h were virtually identical for the linear chains. Notably, however, for SPS with f = 64 and Mwarm = 9 kg/mol (SPS-9k-64), the hth was over 50% larger than that of the other polymers. These observations are rationalized in terms of the structure of the polymer for high f and sufficiently small Mwarm and not in terms of the influence of interfacial interactions.
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Trifunctional organolithium initiator for living anionic polymerization in hydrocarbon solvents in the absence of polar additives. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of well-defined three-arm star homopolymers of polystyrene and polyisoprene with a novel trifunctional anionic initiator in hydrocarbon solvents without the addition of polar additives.
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Graphene Nanoribbons: Towards Graphitic Materials with Predefined Dimensions and Electronic Properties. CURR ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272819666150526010432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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