Analysis of marginal integrity in dentistry composite fillings with flow layer under compression test

Currently, composite materials dominate among the restorative materials used for direct aesthetic filling. Reinforcement of composites with glass fibers allows for the transfer of greater loads and better durability between the tooth tissue and the filling polymer. New approach to bonding liquid materials with composite with glass fillers is to introduce an additional protective barrier to load a higher force that is, compression test. So, the aim of the study was to analyze the structure of composite fillings, their integrity with tooth tissues and evaluation on the influence of the liquid composite layer on the strength of strength in the compression test. Moreover, the influence of thermal shocks on the bonding with the tooth tissues in the compression test was investigated. According to the results obtained in current research, using the flow composite as a combination with the fiber composite leads to a significant increase in mechanical properties, particularly in the compression test. HIGHLIGHTS: If flow-type composite fluid material are, the greater is strength of composite fillings. Glass fibers composite increase the mechanical strength.

Serum Concentration of Macro-, Micro-, and Trace Elements in Silver Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Their Interrelationships with Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of the Mandible

The optimal content of macro-, micro-, and trace elements in tissues ensures proper systemic growth and development and optimal health status in animals and humans. However, very little is known on the elemental content in the plasma compartment in Silver fox. The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements in serum obtained from 8-month-old female (N = 8) and male (N = 7) silver foxes. Moreover, relationships of the evaluated elements with the morphological, densitometric, and mechanical parameters of the mandible were determined. Serum content of 12 different elements was measured using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The morphometric and densitometric properties of the mandible were determined using quantitative computed tomography method, while mechanical endurance was tested using a three-point bending test. Serum concentration of calcium was significantly higher by 20% in male foxes (P = 0.01), while manganese concentration was significantly lower in males by over 17% (P = 0.03). Positive correlations of serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium with the morphological traits of the mandible such as weight, length, and bone volume were stated (P < 0.05). In the group of elements playing regulatory functions, the positive relationships between serum concentrations of selenium, chromium, manganese, copper, and cobalt were found (P < 0.05). The elaborated experimental model may serve for further studies on foxes, especially focused on nutritional factors affecting elemental homeostasis, whole-body metabolism, and systemic growth and development. Daily diet formulation and precise delivery for farm foxes, together with relatively large animal population maintained at the same environmental conditions, regularly subjected to slaughter procedure, enable economical experimentation with various dietary and pharmacological manipulations.

Interrelationships Between Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Teeth in 5-Month-Old Polish Merino Sheep

Interrelationships between morphological, densitometric, and mechanical properties of deciduous mandibular teeth (incisors, canine, second premolar) were investigated. To perform morphometric, densitometric, and mechanical analyses, teeth were obtained from 5-month-old sheep. Measurements of mean volumetric tooth mineral density and total tooth volume were performed using quantitative computed tomography. Microcomputed tomography was used to measure total enamel volume, volumetric enamel mineral density, total dentin volume, and volumetric dentin mineral density. Maximum elastic strength and ultimate force of teeth were determined using 3-point bending and compression tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between all investigated variables. Mutual dependence was observed between morphological and mechanical properties of the investigated teeth. The highest number of positive correlations of the investigated parameters was stated in first incisor indicating its superior predictive value of tooth quality and masticatory organ function in sheep. Positive correlations of the volumetric dentin mineral density in second premolar with final body weight may indicate predictive value of this parameter in relation with growth rate in sheep. Evaluation of deciduous tooth properties may prove helpful for breeding selection and further reproduction of sheep possessing favorable traits of teeth and better masticatory organ function, leading to improved performance and economic efficiency of the flock.

Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Internal Organs of Fattening Pigs and Wild Boars

The objective of the study was to analyse selected physical properties and chemical indicators of internal organs obtained from fattening pigs and Central European wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa). Each group consisted of 12 animals. The tongue, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys were examined for physical properties, basic chemical composition, macro- and micromineral content, and fatty acid profile. The atherogenic index (AI) and the thrombogenic index (TI) were also determined. Pig offal was found to be a rich source of protein and collagen, and to contain large amounts of potassium and sodium. Liver had a high content of iron, zinc, and manganese. Pig liver and wild boar heart were characterised by favourable PUFA /SFA ratios (above 0.4%). In addition, the content of neutral and hypocholesterolemic acids (DFA ) and hypercholesterolemic acids (OFA ) in pig offal was comparable to that in pig meat. The results presented in this study provide an extensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of pig offal, which allows an increase in the scope of its use in the food industry, among others for production of offal products, including traditional and regional products that are increasingly demanded by consumers.

Morphometric Parameters of Pyramidal Cells in CA1-CA4 Fields in the Hippocampus of Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus)

The aim of the study was a quantitative examination of neurons of hippocampal subfields (CA1-CA4) in mature male Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus; syn. Alopex lagopus). The preparations were dyed using cresyl violet. Histological preparations were used to morphometricaly analyze the neurons of hippocampus. This analysis included the following parameters: average size of cells in μm, periphery of cells in μm, average cell area in μm2, percentage of cells in area and size of the largest and smallest cells in μm in CA1-CA4 fields. Morphometric observations show that the cells involved in hippocampal formation in polar fox in all layers CA1 -CA4 differ in size, shape, cell area and nucleus area. The size of the cell area in CA3 is the largest and fluctuates around 249.4 μm2, whereas in CA2 the cell area is 184.1 μm2. The cells of the CA2 field are densely arranged, pyramidal and contain a small amount of cytoplasm; their size fluctuates. Cells of CA2 and CA4 had the largest diameter of about 23.6 μm, whereas cells of the CA3 field had the smallest diameter of about 8.3 μm.

Relationships between biochemical bone metabolism indices and morphometric, densitometric and mechanical properties of mandible in 6-month-old pigs

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE

Mandible is used as a bone model for monitoring bone tissue responses to various factors influencing skeletal homeostasis. Considering the lack of experimental data on interrelationships between bone metabolism indices and morphometric, densitometric and mechanical properties of mandible, the aim of this study was to perform such an evaluation in 6-month-old pigs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Quantitative computed tomography was used to determine bone volume, mean volumetric bone mineral density, cortical bone density and cortical bone area. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured for ramus, body and whole jaw. In the three-point bending test, maximum elastic strength and ultimate strength of jaw was determined. Assessment of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), parathormone (PTH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type-I (CTX) in blood was performed.

RESULTS

Statistically significant correlations in relation to the investigated traits of the jaw were found in the case of ALP, OC, CTX, GH and IGF-1. Significant correlations of ALP activity, OC and IGF-1 concentrations with final body weight were stated (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows the highest predictive value of ALP activity determination in relation to assessment of morphological, densitometric and biomechanical properties of mandible. Evaluation of Ca, P, Mg, BAP and PTH has not confirmed its significance for morphological, densitometric and biomechanical properties prediction in the jaw of pigs. ALP activity, OC and IGF-1 concentrations would be prognostic for body weight prediction.