Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations in the jupiter environment

The Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment has produced new observations of the Jupiter environment, owing to the unique capabilities of the instrument and the traversal of high Jovian latitudes. Broad-band continuum radio emission from Jupiter and in situ plasma waves have proved valuable in delineating the magnetospheric boundaries. Simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic wave fields have yielded new evidence of whistler-mode radiation within the magnetosphere. Observations of aurorallike hiss provided evidence of a Jovian cusp. The source direction and polarization capabilities of URAP have demonstrated that the outer region of the lo plasma torus supported at least five separate radio sources that reoccurred during successive rotations with a measurable corotation lag. Thermal noise measurements of the lo torus densities yielded values in the densest portion that are similar to models suggested on the basis of Voyager observations of 13 years ago. The URAP measurements also suggest complex beaming and polarization characteristics of Jovian radio components. In addition, a new class of kilometer-wavelength striated Jovian bursts has been observed.

Erstellung einer Kompatibilitätstabelle für die intravenöse Pharmakotherapie auf neonatologischen und pädiatrischen Intensivstationen

BACKGROUND

Modern neonatal and pediatric intensive care includes a sophisticated pharmacotherapy with numerous drugs, mainly administered intravenously. Often, despite the use of multi-lumen central venous lines, more peripheral venous accesses are required. To reduce the necessity of numerous venous lines on one hand and on the other hand to avoid complications from incompatibilities of the administered drugs, we compiled a compatibility chart, encompassing more substances than covered in previously available charts.

METHODS

Information on compatibility of commonly prescribed drugs was collected by analysis of manufacturers' information, medical and pharmaceutical handbooks, and a literature research.

RESULTS

Available data on compatibility of 78 drugs were displayed in a two-dimensional chart. Beside the pH of each drug, compatibility of drug combinations was encoded for simultaneous infusion. Special emphasis was on security of the therapy.

CONCLUSION

The compatibility chart gives quick reference for Data on compatibility of intravenously administered drugs in neonatal and pediatric intensive care.

Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the pharmacokinetic studies of a novel iron chelator, CP502, in rats

An improved reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for the determination of a novel iron chelator CP502 (1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyridinone-2-carboxy-(N-methyl)-amide hydrochloride) in rat plasma, urine and feces was developed and validated. The separation was performed on a polymeric column using a mobile phase composed of 1mM ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), acetonitrile, methanol and methylene chloride. Separation of CP502 from plasma, urine or feces endogenous compounds was achieved by gradient elution. Retention times of CP502 and its major metabolite (glucuronide) were about 13 and 4 min, respectively. The method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), selectivity (endogenous from plasma, urine or feces), linearity, extraction recovery, robustness (column selection, mobile phase composition, detection mode, internal standard (IS) selection, analyte stability), day-to-day reproducibility and system suitability (repeatability, peak symmetry and resolution). The method is applicable to bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies of CP502 in rats.

The synergy of health promotion practice/research/education

Many nurses are concerned about the lack of connection among nursing practice, research and education. However, the assumption that nursing practice, research, and education represent separate domains or activities that need to be linked, may well contravene the relational synergy they share. This paper describes a project that sought to illustrate, and further explore, the synergistic, iterative relationship of health promoting practice/research/education. The project revealed how this synergy lives out within the daily practice of frontline practitioners and how the researched knowledge practitioners bring forth through their practice can transform care.

The role of lipoproteins in the transport and uptake of cyclosporine and dihydro-tacrolimus into HepG2 and JURKAT cell lines

OBJECTIVES

We wish to examine the role of lipoproteins in the transport and cellular uptake of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus.

DESIGN AND METHODS

The distribution of tritiated CsA and tacrolimus among lipoproteins was determined in normo- and hypertriglyceridemic sera. The uptake of these two drugs into HepG2 and JURKAT cell lines was assessed in the presence of various concentrations of low density lipoproteins. (LDL).

RESULTS

Our data showed that about 60% of these drugs were transported by high density lipoprotein in normolipidemic sera, while about 50-60% were carried by very low density lipoprotein in hypertriglyceridemic sera. Almost 80% of CsA and 70% of tacrolimus entered HepG2 and JURKAT cells within the first hour of incubation in lipoprotein free media. However, the uptake was decreased (CsA by 60% and tacrolimus by 40%) in the presence of LDL.

CONCLUSIONS

Lipoproteins play a major role in the transport of CsA and tacrolimus, but not in their cellular uptake.

Theophylline disposition in cystic fibrosis

The disposition of intravenously and orally administered theophylline was compared in 10 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 10 healthy volunteers. The mean total body clearance of the patients with CF was twice that of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). The volume of distribution of theophylline was also greater in the patients with CF (p less than 0.05). These observations indicate that if theophylline is used in patients with CF, doses larger than those commonly given to asthmatics may be required to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations.

A note on the determination of pilocarpine in solutions containing methylcellulose

Low results obtained by a colorimetric method for the determination of pilocarpine in ophthalmic solutions are attributed to pilocarpine-methylcellulose interaction. Low results were not obtained with a second colorimetric method. Other factors affecting this interaction are discussed.