Meta-analysis of the effects of sulfate versus hydroxy trace mineral source on nutrient digestibility in dairy and beef cattle

Trace mineral (TM) source can potentially alter nutrient digestibility through effects on microbial populations. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether sulfate versus hydroxy (IntelliBond) sources of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn had any effect on dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. All available cattle studies (8 studies, 12 comparisons) were used to estimate the effect size (hydroxy mean - sulfate mean). Factors included in the analysis were method of digestibility analysis (total collection, marker-based, or 24 h in situ), study design (randomized design or Latin square), beef (n = 5) versus dairy (n = 7) cattle, and days on treatment; these factors were retained when P < 0.05. Dry matter digestibility was increased by hydroxy TM in beef (1.64 ± 0.35 units) but not in dairy models (0.16 ± 0.13 units) relative to sulfate TM. The NDF digestibility increased significantly with hydroxy versus sulfate TM, but digestibility assessment method influenced this response. Studies using total collection or undigested NDF as a flow marker showed a significant increase (2.68 ± 0.40 units and 1.08 ± 0.31 units, respectively) in NDF digestibility for hydroxy versus sulfate TM; but studies utilizing 24-h in situ incubation did not detect any change (-0.03 ± 0.23 units). These observations may reveal differences in precision of measurement or may indicate mineral effects beyond the rumen; total collection is considered the gold standard method. Hydroxy TM did not affect DMI per animal or per unit of body weight relative to sulfate TM. In conclusion, feeding hydroxy versus sulfate TM does not appear to affect DMI but, depending on type of cattle and method of measurement, can increase dry matter digestibility and NDF digestibility, which may be explained by differences in solubility of the TM sources in rumen, differentially affecting fermentation.

POS0933 IMPACT OF SACROILIAC JOINT STEROID INJECTION IN AXIAL SpA PATIENTS WITH BONE MARROW EDEMA ON DIFFERENT DISEASE OUTCOME MEASURES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background

Sacroiliac joint injection in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients with steroid was controversial. A well designed randomized clinical trial testing its effect on different disease outcome measures particularly bone marrow edema was missing [1].

Objectives

To test the effect of steroid injection in the sacroiliac joint of axial SpA patients on different disease outcome measures.

Methods

N = 43 were registered. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups; Group I (23 cases) received sacroiliac joint injection lidocaine hydrochloride mixed with triamcinolone, whereas Group II (22 cases) received subcutaneous saline injections. All participants fulfilled the ASAS criteria for axial SPA and they all had bone marrow edema at baseline. Outcomes measures were: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ASDAS, BASFI, and SPARCC scores. Participants were assessed at baseline (before and after sacroiliac joint injection) and after 3 months.

Results

There was a significant difference between both groups regarding pain, spine mobility, SPARCC and ASDAS scores in favor of group I. Spine mobility showed the earliest improvement, followed by pain whilst SPARCC and ASDAS scores showed improvement after 3 months. Higher disease activity, younger age, and shorter disease duration all were associated with better outcomes. Bilateral hip involvement was a predictor of poor response

Conclusion

Sacroiliac joint injection of lidocaine and triamcinolone in axial SpA patients is effective in controlling pain, improving function, disease activity scores, and bone marrow edema with acceptable complications and relatively sustained effect.

References

[1]Elsaman, A., A. Hamed, and A. Radwan, Ultrasound-guided epidural block in axial spondyloarthritis patients with limited spine mobility: a randomized controlled trial. The Korean journal of pain, 2021. 34(1): p. 114.

Table 1.

Comparison between the two study groups

Group I (N=24)Group II (N=23)P value*Age35.4±6.233.5±6.70.354SexMale17(77.3%)16(76.2%)1.000Female5(22.7%)5(23.8%)VASBefore injection (0)7.95±0.847.86±0.730.688After injection (1)3.55±1.446.95±1.02<0.00112 weeks later (2)4.82±1.377.19±0.81<0.001P value 0 vs 1**<0.0010.003-P value 0 vs 2**<0.0010.001-P value 1 vs 2**<0.0010.397-ASDASBefore injection2.69±0.442.60±0.370.45112 weeks later1.51±0.442.40±0.46<0.001P value **<0.0010.022BASFIBefore injection61.91±9.7062.95±11.710.75212 weeks later57.50±8.1361.24±0.530.199P value **<0.0010.081-SPARCCBefore injection34.73±9.1433.48±8.930.65212 weeks later15.68±6.6030.95±7.85<0.001P value **<0.0010.024-Finger to floorBefore injection (0)27.68±9.9426.90±11.620.815After injection (1)17.09±7.0025.48±11.230.00512 weeks later (2)19.64±7.8326.76±11.790.024P value 0 vs 1**<0.0010.001-P value 0 vs 2**<0.0010.791-P value 1 vs 2**0.0010.072-Lateral bendingBefore injection (0)21.64±5.9122.29±4.510.688After injection (1)25.50±6.1322.57±3.430.06012 weeks later (2)24.55±4.9522.24±2.950.071P value 0 vs 1**<0.0010.649-P value 0 vs 2**0.0030.947-P value 1 vs 2**0.0870.426-

* p values were calculated using Independent t test, except for the sex, where Fisher Exact test was used.

** p values for paired data was calculated using paired t test, to compare the baseline values (0) with either immediate post-injection (1) or 12 weeks later (2) values.

Disclosure of Interests

None declared

Acute Oxygen Therapy on Hospital Wards in Low Middle-Income Country: Experience from a Referral Centre in Ilorin, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Oxygen is like any other medication that can cause severe consequences if administered inappropriately.

OBJECTIVE

To audit the pattern of acute oxygen therapy on regular hospital wards of a referral centre in Ilorin, Nigeria.

METHODS

We reviewed 150 patients that received or had a prescription for acute oxygen therapy in three months and extracted relevant information using a proforma.

RESULTS

About one-third of the patients (30%) were >65 years of age and the male to female ratio was 1:1. The commonest indication and medical condition for acute oxygen administration were hypoxemia (70.7%) and pneumonia (26.0%), respectively. Pneumonia accounted for most (41.2 %) of the oxygen therapy in childhood. The majority of patients (88.0%) had written order for oxygen prescription, 40.7% had a prescription to target oxygen saturation and only 31.3% achieved their target saturation. Oxygen prescription was adequate (documentation of delivery device, flow rate of oxygen, and target oxygen saturations) in 40.7% of patients. The assessment, monitoring and titration of oxygen therapy were adequate in 92.7%, 65.3% and 28 % of patients respectively. Overall mortality was 27.3% in patients receiving acute oxygen supplementation. Eleven patients had unstable COPD, and 63.6 %, 54.5 % and 45.6 % of them had adequate oxygen prescription, monitoring and titration respectively. The challenges to oxygen use were faulty delivery devices, emptied oxygen cylinders, inability to routinely do arterial blood gas analysis and lack of hospital oxygen protocol.

CONCLUSION

The current practice of acute oxygen therapy is not satisfactory and interventions are advocated to improve the healthcare providers' administration of oxygen.

Growth of secondary hair follicles of the Cashmere goat in vitro and their response to prolactin and melatonin

The isolation and viability in vitro of anagen secondary hair follicles of the Cashmere goat were studied. Isolated hair follicles were used to determine the effects on hair shaft elongation, of prolactin and melatonin, hormones considered to influence hair follicle growth and activity in vivo. Intact hair follicles were isolated from the dermal layer of the skin singly or in groups using watchmakers' forceps under a dissecting microscope. The isolated follicles were maintained floating in Williams E medium. The medium was supplemented with 1 of 6 concentrations of ovine prolactin (0, 50, 200, 400, 800 and 4000 micrograms/l) for the culture of hair follicles isolated during July and August, and with 1 of 5 concentrations of melatonin (0, 50, 150, 300, 600 ng/l) for the culture of hair follicles isolated during September and October. There was clear evidence of DNA synthesis, observed by autoradiography, in matrix cells of freshly isolated follicles incubated for 6 h in the presence of [methyl-3H]-thymidine. Similar measurements after 96 h of maintenance indicated a marked reduction in the incorporation of [methyl-3H]-thymidine in matrix cells of the follicles studied. Prolactin and melatonin were shown to have a stimulating effect on hair shaft elongation of secondary follicles during 24 h periods of measurement and cumulatively over 120 h. Maximum hair follicle growth was observed in follicles exposed to 400 micrograms/l of prolactin and follicles exposed to 300 ng/l of melatonin. The number of follicles remaining viable during each 24 h measuring period was not affected by prolactin, but was significantly reduced by melatonin treatment after 96 h of maintenance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Growth and viability of secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat cultured in vitro

The viability of isolated secondary anagen hair follicles from Angora goats was studied in an in vitro tissue culture system. Intact hair follicles were isolated from the dermal layer singly or in groups using watchmakers' forceps under a dissecting microscope following removal of both the epidermis at the basal layer and subcutaneous fat layers using a scalpel blade. The connective tissue sheath surrounding the follicle and the dermal papilla in the bulb were left intact. The isolated follicles were maintained floating in supplemented Williams E medium and showed significant increases in hair shaft length over 96 h. The viability of the cultured hair follicles was verified by the findings that (1) the rate of hair shaft elongation was similar to that occurring in vivo; (2) the pattern of DNA synthesis observed by autoradiography of [methyl-3H]thymidine uptake was maintained in the isolated follicles throughout culture; (3) the ATP content was significantly higher in growing follicles compared with that observed in freshly isolated follicles; and (4) Feulgen-stained preparations of fresh and maintained hair follicles confirmed the retention of mitotic activity in the matrix cells of the bulb for a maximum of 120 h of maintenance.