Oropharyngeal histoplasmosis: a report of 10 cases

A wide differential diagnosis must be entertained in patients with unusual oral and pharyngeal ulcerations. A mucosal biopsy is essential. We retrospectively reviewed 10 cases from the Infectious Diseases Division at Mayo Clinic Rochester (MN, USA), in which the diagnosis proved to be Histoplasma capsulatum infection. Between 1995 and 2016, 10 patients were diagnosed with oropharyngeal histoplasmosis. Common presenting symptoms included weight loss, weakness and oropharyngeal pain with ulcerations. Despite specialty evaluation at other facilities, diagnostic delay occurred in six patients due to lack of biopsy or fungal staining. Yeast forms consistent with H. capsulatum were identified in the biopsy specimens of all our patients. Treatment included intravenous amphotericin B and prolonged courses of azoles. Oral histoplasmosis occurred in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, and was a manifestation of disseminated infection. Severe pain involving all areas of the mouth was typical. Diagnostic delay may be avoided by early biopsy using fungal stains.