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Metal organic framework-based polymeric hydrogel: A promising drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124206. [PMID: 38734276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The constraints associated with current cancer therapies have inspired scientists to develop advanced, precise, and safe drug delivery methods. These delivery systems boost treatment effectiveness, minimize harm to healthy cells, and combat cancer recurrence. To design advanced drug delivery vehicle with these character, in the present manuscript, we have designed a self-healing and injectable hybrid hydrogel through synergistically interacting metal organic framework, CuBTC with the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). This hybrid hydrogel acts as a localized drug delivery system and was used to encapsulate and release the anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil selectively at the targeted site in response to the physiological pH. The hydrogel was formed through transforming the gaussian coil like matrix of PVA-CuBTC into a three-dimensional network of hydrogel upon the addition of crosslinker; borax. The biocompatible character of the hydrogel was confirmed through cell viability test. The biocompatible hybrid hydrogel then was used to encapsulate and studied for the pH responsive release behavior of the anti-cancer drug, 5-FU. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded hydrogel was evaluated against MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The study confirms that the hybrid hydrogel is effective for targeted and sustained release of anticancer drugs at cancer sites.
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Correction to: Neurological update: non-motor symptoms in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. J Neurol 2024; 271:1062. [PMID: 38151576 PMCID: PMC10827884 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
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Neurological update: non-motor symptoms in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. J Neurol 2023; 270:4558-4578. [PMID: 37316556 PMCID: PMC10421812 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among people with Parkinson's disease (PD), non-motor symptoms (NMS) are a well-recognised cause of significant morbidity and poor quality of life. Yet, it is only more recently that NMS have been recognised to affect the lives of patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes in a similar fashion. The aim of this article is to highlight and compare the relative prevalence of NMS among patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes in the published literature, which largely remain underreported and unaddressed in routine clinical practice. All NMS that are recognised to occur in PD are also found to commonly occur in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. In particular, excessive daytime sleepiness is more prevalent among atypical parkinsonian syndromes (94.3%) compared to PD (33.9%) or normal controls (10.5%) (p < 0.001). Urinary dysfunction (not limited to urinary incontinence) is not only found to occur in MSA (79.7%) and PD (79.9%), but has also been reported in nearly half of the patients with PSP (49.3%), DLB (42%) and CBD (53.8%) (p < 0.001). Apathy is significantly more common among the atypical parkinsonian syndromes [PSP (56%), MSA (48%), DLB (44%), CBD (43%)] compared to PD (35%) (p = 0.029). Early recognition and addressing of NMS among atypical parkinsonian syndromes may help improve the holistic patient care provided and may encompass a range of conservative and pharmacotherapeutic treatments to address these symptoms.
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Metal–Organic Framework-Based Aerogel: A Novel Adsorbent for the Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Selective Removal of a Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Preparation and Characterization of a Renewable Starch-g-(MA-DETA) Copolymer and Its Adjustment for Dye Removal Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051197. [PMID: 36904438 PMCID: PMC10007688 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maleic anhydride-diethylenetriamine grafted on starch (st-g-(MA-DETA)) was synthesized through graft copolymerization, and the different parameters (copolymerization temperature, reaction time, concentration of initiator and monomer concentration) affecting starch graft percentage were studied to achieve the maximum grafting percentage. The maximum grafting percentage was found to be 29.17%. The starch and grafted starch copolymer were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, NMR, and TGA analytical techniques to describe copolymerization. The crystallinity of starch and grafted starch was studied by XRD, confirming that grafted starch has a semicrystalline nature and indicating that the grafting reaction took place typically in the amorphous region of starch. NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of the st-g-(MA-DETA) copolymer. A TGA study revealed that grafting affects the thermal stability of starch. An SEM analysis showed the microparticles are distributed unevenly. Modified starch with the highest grafting ratio was then applied to celestine dye removal from water using different parameters. The experimental results indicated that St-g-(MA-DETA) has excellent dye removal properties in comparison to native starch.
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Advancement in "Garbage In Biomaterials Out (GIBO)" concept to develop biomaterials from agricultural waste for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:1015-1033. [PMID: 36406592 PMCID: PMC9672289 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Presently on a global scale, one of the major concerns is to find effective strategies to manage the agricultural waste to protect the environment. One strategy that has been drawing attention among the researchers is the development of biocompatible materials from agricultural waste. This strategy implies successful conversion of agricultural waste products (e.g.: cellulose, eggshell etc.) into building blocks for biomaterial development. Some of these wastes contain even bioactive compounds having biomedical applications. The replacement and augmentation of human tissue with biomaterials as alternative to traditional method not only bypasses immune-rejection, donor scarcity, and maintenance; but also provides long term solution to damaged or malfunctioning organs. Biomaterials development as one of the key challenges in tissue engineering approach, resourced from natural origin imparts better biocompatibility due to closely mimicking composition with cellular microenvironment. The "Garbage In, Biomaterials Out (GIBO)" concept, not only recycles the agricultural wastes, but also adds to biomaterial raw products for further product development in tissue regeneration. This paper reviews the conversion of garbage agricultural by-products to the biocompatible materials for various biomedical applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT The agro-waste biomass processed, purified, modified, and further utilized for the fabrication of biomaterials-based support system for tissue engineering applications to grow living body parts in vitro or in vivo.
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A meticulous study on the interaction of bile salts with star block copolymeric micelles. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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S3-Leitlinie: Diagnostik und Therapie biliärer Karzinome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:219-238. [PMID: 35148562 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-7638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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S3-Leitlinie – Diagnostik und Therapie biliärer Karzinome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:e186-e227. [PMID: 35148560 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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[Clinical relevance of the new S3 guideline on hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancer for practitioners]. Radiologe 2022; 62:200-204. [PMID: 35147708 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The update of the S3 German guideline for the management of the hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancer contains a comprehensive revision of the guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma and establishes a new guideline for biliary tract cancer. In recent years several studies have been conducted to improve diagnostic and therapeutic options for liver cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy are important for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma. This guideline shows the progress in the treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma, including advances in liver transplantation, bridging and downstaging. For cholangiocarcinoma there is a focus on interventional treatment and resection. This guideline also emphasizes the need of molecular diagnostics and the resulting treatment options in targeted therapy.
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S3-Leitlinie: Diagnostik und Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms und biliärer Karzinome – Version 2.0 – Juni 2021, AWMF-Registernummer: 032-053OL. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:e131-e185. [PMID: 35042250 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Winning hearts and minds: ECG reporting in the first seizure clinic. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:364. [PMID: 34332536 PMCID: PMC8325235 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a mandatory test for anyone presenting with loss of consciousness. Many referrals to the first seizure clinic (FSC) are caused by syncope. We assessed the sensitivity of neurologists' ECG reporting in detecting rhythm abnormalities including some potentially life-threatening cardiac conditions. METHODS We audited patients referred to a FSC in Glasgow over 4 years. All ECGs were interpreted by the attending neurologist as standard practice. Subsequently, two cardiologists reviewed the ECGs independently. RESULTS Of 160 consecutive patients, 92 patients (58%) were diagnosed as having seizures, 43 (27%) as syncope, and 25 (16%) were unclassified. Twenty eight ECGs thought to be normal by the neurologist were considered abnormal by the cardiologist, including three with long corrected QT interval. The proportion of abnormal ECGs and disparity in reporting between neurologists and cardiologists persisted independent of the underlying diagnosis. CONCLUSION Reporting of ECGs by non-cardiologists may not be adequately sensitive in picking up potentially life threatening cardiac conditions. Cardiologist input into FSCs is recommended to enhance the diagnostic yield.
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Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Based Smart Hydrogels for Doxorubicin Release. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4883-4894. [PMID: 35021732 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Limitations associated with the traditional cancer therapies prompt the scientific community to develop effective, safer, smarter, and targeted drug carriers that improve the efficiency of the drug carrier, reduce the adverse effects of the drug on the healthy cells, and help in preventing the cancer recurrences. This research aims to design a stimuli-responsive, self-healable, adhesive, and injectable polymeric hydrogel with an ester-functionalized ionic liquid as one of the additives to improve the efficiency of the anticancer drug in encapsulation and localized delivery. The designed polymeric hydrogel responds to intracellular biological stimuli (e.g., acidic pH of cancerous cells and temperature), changes the morphology through changing the shape and size of the gelator within the hydrogel matrix, and releases encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) at the tumor site efficiently. Molecular interactions, gel morphology, and mechanical strength of the hydrogel were characterized through various analytical techniques, including small-angle neutron scattering. Adhesive properties of the polymeric hydrogel were measured by lap-shear strength tests and the biocompatibility and cellular drug uptake study on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). The in vitro cytotoxicity and drug release study showed that the hybrid hydrogel is more effective at killing the cancerous cells, and the targeted release of DOX occurred at intracellular acidic pH. The polymeric hydrogel provides an efficient therapeutic approach for the encapsulation and release of the drug. Overall, the study offers a proof of concept to test the feasibility of the hydrogel system whether the hydrogel formulation helped or hindered the total cellular DOX trafficking.
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Self-Sustainable, self-healable, Load Bearable and Moldable stimuli responsive ionogel for the Selective Removal of Anionic Dyes from aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
We discuss the case and differential diagnoses of an elderly man who presented with bilateral facial palsy. He had injured his forehead in the garden during a fall on his face and the open wound was contaminated by soil. He then presented to the emergency department with facial weakness causing difficulty speaking. The penny dropped when he started developing muscle spasms affecting his lower jaw a day after admission. It also became clear that he could not open his mouth wide (lock jaw). The combination of muscle spasms and lock jaw (trismus) made tetanus the most likely possibility, and this was proven when he had samples taken from his wound and analysed under the microscope, which showed Clostridium tetani bacilli. C. tetani spores are widespread in the environment, including in the soil, and can survive hostile conditions for long periods of time. Transmission occurs when spores are introduced into the body, often through contaminated wounds. Tetanus in the United Kingdom is rare, but can prove fatal if there is a delay in recognition and treatment.
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BIOFUELS FROM COCONUT FAT AND SOYBEAN OIL: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS. QUIM NOVA 2018. [DOI: 10.21577/0100-4042.20170273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Common toxidromes in movement disorder neurology. Postgrad Med J 2017; 93:326-332. [PMID: 28546460 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians can come across patients who are exposed to certain prescription drugs or toxins that can result in adverse effects and complications which have high rates of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To summarise the key clinical features and management of the common movement disorder toxidromes relevant to physicians (with an interest in neurology). METHODS We searched PUBMED from 1946 to 2016 for papers relating to movement toxidromes and their treatment. The findings from those studies were then summarised and are presented here. RESULTS The key features of 6 of the common movement disorder toxidromes and their treatment are tabulated and highlighted. The management of toxidromes with the highest mortality like neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION There are several toxidromes that have the potential to become a serious life-threatening emergency if there is a delay in recognition of key clinical features and instituting the appropriate treatment at the earliest is crucial.
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A review of medication adherence in people with epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:507-515. [PMID: 27781263 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
People with epilepsy (PWE) have a higher risk of mortality in comparison with the general population. This in part reflects intrinsic factors or associated comorbidities, but poor adherence to anti-epileptic drugs (AED) has also been shown to contribute to increased risk of death and increased utilization of unscheduled care. The aim of this review was to determine the prevalence of non-adherence to AED in PWE, evaluate whether specific clinical and demographic features can allow clinicians to identify those at highest risk and identify the methods and techniques that can be used to improve adherence in clinical settings. We identified relevant studies for the prevalence of medication non-adherence in PWE by searching MEDLINE (1946-7 Dec 2015), EMBASE (1947-7 Dec 2015) and Cochrane Library (1946-7 Dec 2015) as per predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We included 17 research studies from our review of the medical literature to determine the prevalence of medication non-adherence in epilepsy. The prevalence of significant medication non-adherence in epilepsy has been reported to vary between 26% and 79%. This variation partly reflects the differences in defining what clinically significant medication adherence is, the methods used to estimate the scale of the problem and the underlying population heterogeneity. A number of clinical and demographic features have been associated with poor adherence allowing clinicians to identify those at greatest risk. Educating patients and their carers about the risks associated with poor adherence, certain behavioural interventions and simplifying their drug regimens have been shown to improve adherence.
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Relationship between [ 123 I]-FP-CIT SPECT and clinical progression in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:400-406. [PMID: 27255673 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demonstration of presynaptic dopaminergic deficiency on [123 I]-FP-CIT SPECT imaging is a useful ancillary tool in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Whilst there is evidence of a cross-sectional relationship between the degree of dopaminergic deficiency and severity of bradykinesia and rigidity, longitudinal studies are rare. Moreover, the relationship between motor subtypes and their dopaminergic deficient state is not well characterized. AIM Our primary aim was to assess the correlations between dopaminergic deficiency on baseline [123 I]-FP-CIT SPECT imaging with the progression of motor severity in patients classified by motor subtype, and the development of motor complications. Our secondary aim was to assess the correlation between UPDRS-III subscores and the time to onset of motor complications. METHODS 42 PD patients with abnormal baseline [123 I]-FP-CIT SPECT scans and at least 3 years of clinical follow-up were classified by motor subtype: akinetic-rigid, tremor-dominant or mixed. UPDRS-III scores at baseline and at 3-year follow-up, and time to onset of motor complications were recorded. RESULTS [123 I]-FP-CIT uptake ratios were inversely correlated with UPDRS-III scores at 3 years only in akinetic-rigid patients (r=-.51, P=.04). Time to onset of motor complications was inversely correlated with UPDRS-III subscores for bradykinesia and rigidity at baseline (r=-.52, P=.02) and at 3 years (r=-.54, P=.01). CONCLUSION The degree of dopaminergic deficiency on baseline [123 I]-FP-CIT SPECT inversely correlates with motor severity at 3-year follow-up in akinetic-rigid patients only. Furthermore, UPDRS-III subscores for bradykinesia and rigidity at baseline show an inverse correlation with time to onset of motor complications across all PD subtypes.
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Abstract
Dementia is a global health problem with a huge impact on the lives of those afflicted. There are several distinct diseases that are classified under the umbrella term "dementia" ranging from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease to chronic infections of the central nervous system such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare complication of measles virus infection in childhood. Clinical features, neuropsychological profiles and imaging characteristics of the various dementia syndromes can be sufficiently distinct to distinguish them from one another. However, in some cases, the cognitive, psychiatric and behavioural features can sufficiently overlap such that neurophysiologic testing may be of help. While it is recognized the electroencephalogram (EEG) may have a special role to play in the diagnosis of certain dementing illnesses such as SSPE and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) that have characteristic EEG changes, current research focusses on the potential utility of quantitative EEG as one more tool in the armamentarium of clinicians dealing with patients who suffer from a dementing illness. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database from 1 January 1946 up to 1 January 2016, combining the search terms "EEG," "electroencephalography," "dementia" and "status epilepticus"; identified papers from these searches were then read in detail and summarized. Here, we discuss both the qualitative and quantitative EEG findings in the various types of dementia.
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Hereditary chorea - what else to consider when the Huntington's disease genetics test is negative? Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:25-33. [PMID: 27150574 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chorea, cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric disturbance occur in varying combinations in Huntington's disease (HD). This is often easy to recognise particularly in the presence of an autosomal dominant history. Whilst HD may be the most common aetiology of such a presentation, several HD phenocopies should be considered if genetic testing for HD is negative. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database from January 1, 1946 up to January 1, 2016, combining the search terms: 'chorea', 'Huntington's disease', 'HDL' and 'phenocopies'. HD phenocopies frequently display additional movement disorders such as myoclonus, dystonia, parkinsonism and tics. Here, we discuss the phenotypes, and investigations of HD-like disorders where the combination of progressive chorea and cognitive impairment is obvious, but HD gene test result is negative. Conditions presenting with sudden onset chorea such as vascular, infectious and autoimmune causes are not the primary focus of our discussion, but we will make a passing reference to these as some of these conditions are potentially treatable. Hereditary forms of chorea are a heterogeneous group of conditions and this number is increasing. While most of these conditions are not curable, molecular genetic testing has enabled many of these disorders to be distinguished from HD. Getting a precise diagnosis may enable patients and their families to better understand the nature of their condition.
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Olfaction in Parkin single and compound heterozygotes in a cohort of young onset Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:271-6. [PMID: 26626018 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkin related Parkinson's disease (PD) is differentiated from idiopathic PD by absent or sparse Lewy bodies, and preserved olfaction. The significance of single Parkin mutations in the pathogenesis of PD is debated. OBJECTIVES To assess olfaction results according to Parkin mutation status. To compare the prevalence of Parkin single heterozygous mutations in patients diagnosed with PD to the rate in healthy controls in order to establish whether these single mutations could be a risk factor for developing PD. METHODS Parkin gene mutation testing was performed in young onset PD (diagnosed <50 years old) to identify three groups: Parkin homozygous or compound heterozygote mutation carriers, Parkin single heterozygote mutation carriers, and non-carriers of Parkin mutations. Olfaction was tested using the 40-item British version of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test (UPSIT). RESULTS Of 344 young onset PD cases tested, 8 (2.3%) were Parkin compound heterozygotes and 13 (3.8%) were Parkin single heterozygotes. Olfaction results were available in 282 cases (eight compound heterozygotes, nine single heterozygotes, and 265 non-carriers). In Parkin compound heterozygotes, the median UPSIT score was 33, interquartile range (IQR) 28.5-36.5, which was significantly better than in single Parkin heterozygotes (median 19, IQR 18-28) and non-carriers (median score 22, IQR 16-28) (ANOVA P < 0.001). These differences persisted after adjusting for age, disease duration, gender, and smoking (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in UPSIT scores between single heterozygotes and non-carriers (P = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Parkin compound heterozygous mutations have relatively preserved olfaction compared to Parkin single heterozygotes and non-carriers. The prevalence of Parkin single heterozygosity is similar to the 3.7% rate reported in healthy controls.
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Effect of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the aggregation behavior of twin-tailed cationic gemini surfactant in aqueous solution. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1170610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Variation in recent onset Parkinson’s disease: implications for pre-motor detection. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Olfaction testing in Parkinson’s disease and controls: a comparison of two techniques. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cardiovascular risk and statin use in recent onset Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effects of chronic doxepin and amitriptyline administration in naïve mice and in neuropathic pain mice model. Neuroscience 2015; 294:38-50. [PMID: 25769941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a severe clinical problem, often appearing as a co-symptom of many diseases or manifesting as a result of damage to the nervous system. Many drugs and agents are currently used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The aims of this paper were to test the effects of two classic TCAs, doxepin and amitriptyline, in naïve animals and in a model of neuropathic pain and to determine the role of cytokine activation in the effects of these drugs. All experiments were carried out with Albino-Swiss mice using behavioral tests (von Frey test and the cold plate test) and biochemical analyses (qRT-PCR and Western blot). In the mice subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI), doxepin and amitriptyline attenuated the symptoms of neuropathic pain and diminished the CCI-induced increase in the levels of spinal interleukin (IL)-6 and -1β mRNA, but not the protein levels of these cytokines, measured on day 12. Unexpectedly, chronic administration of doxepin or amitriptyline for 12 days produced allodynia and hyperalgesia in naïve mice. The treatment with these drugs did not influence the spinal levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA, however, the protein levels of these pronociceptive factors were increased. The administration of ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) significantly weakened the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by both antidepressants in naïve mice; in contrast, yohimbine (α2-adrenergic receptors antagonist) did not influence these effects. Allodynia and hyperalgesia induced in naïve animals by amitriptyline and doxepin may be associated with an increase in the levels of pronociceptive cytokines resulting from 5-HT3-induced hypersensitivity. Our results provide new and important information about the possible side effects of antidepressants. Further investigation of these mechanisms may help to guide decisions about the use of classic TCAs for therapy.
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Comparing the influences of emotion versus identity on face perception during binocular rivalry in human observers. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Alpha-synuclein in peripheral tissues and body fluids as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease - a systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 130:59-72. [PMID: 24702516 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is neuropathologically characterized as an alpha-synucleinopathy. Alpha-synuclein-containing inclusions are stained as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the brain, which are the pathological hallmark of PD. However, alpha-synuclein-containing inclusions in PD are not restricted to the central nervous system, but are also found in peripheral tissues. Alpha-synuclein levels can also be measured in body fluids. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of available evidence to determine the utility of alpha-synuclein as a peripheral biomarker of PD. We searched PubMed (1948 to 26 May 2013), Embase (1974 to 26 May 2013), the Cochrane Library (up to 26 May 2013), LILACS (up to 26 May 2013) and CINAHL (up to 26 May 2013) for the studies of alpha-synuclein in peripheral tissues or body fluids in PD. A total of 49 studies fulfilled the search criteria. Peripheral tissues such as colonic mucosa showed a sensitivity of 42-90% and a specificity of 100%; submandibular salivary glands showed sensitivity and specificity of 100%; skin biopsy showed 19% sensitivity and 80% specificity in detecting alpha-synuclein pathology. CSF alpha-synuclein had 71-94% sensitivity and 25-53% specificity for distinguishing PD from controls. Plasma alpha-synuclein had 48-53% sensitivity and 69-85% specificity. Neither plasma nor CSF alpha-synuclein is presently a reliable marker of PD. This differs from alpha-synuclein in solid tissue samples of the enteric and autonomic nervous system, which offer some potential as a surrogate marker of brain synucleinopathy.
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Warum die Leber manchmal Kopfschmerzen bereitet – Fall 4/2014. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:1352. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Transpapillary retrieval of a proximally migrated stent using a three-prong polyp retrieval device in a 2-years-old girl. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2014; 52:351-3. [PMID: 24718940 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic retrieval of proximally migrated biliary stents is sometimes challenging. We report on the successful use of a three-prong colon polyp retrieval device in a two year old child.
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Baseline [(123) I]FP-CIT SPECT (DaTSCAN) severity correlates with medication use at 3 years in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 129:204-8. [PMID: 23962145 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presynaptic dopaminergic deficiency on dopamine transporter imaging supports a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and correlates with the severity of rigidity and bradykinesia. Baseline dopaminergic deficiency predicts clinical severity, but the relationship with subsequent medication use has not been reported. METHODS A randomly selected cross section of 83 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who had [(123) I] FP-CIT SPECT at the time of clinical diagnosis was identified. Dopaminergic deficiency was graded 1, 2 or 3 with increasing severity using visual assessment and by semiquantitative analysis of putamen and caudate uptake. Antiparkinson medication usage and clinical severity by Hoehn and Yahr were noted annually to 3 years. RESULTS In 83 patients (66% male, median age 65.0 years, IQ 55.4-71.8), [(123) I]FP-CIT SPECT was grade 1 in 20 (24%), grade 2 in 53 (64%) and grade 3 in 10 patients (12%). Dopamine transporter uptake ratios were inversely associated with antiparkinson medication usage (r = -0.26, P = 0.0201) and Hoehn Yahr stage (r = -0.32, P = 0.0029) at 3 years from baseline, but there was considerable variation in drug usage in individual patients. At 3 years, patients with grade 1 scans at baseline received a median dose of 325 levodopa equivalent units (LEU) (interquartile range 175-433); grade 2 scan patients 400 LEU (interquartile range 300-635); and grade 3 scan patients 460 LEU (interquartile range 252-658). CONCLUSION The degree of reduction in presynaptic dopaminergic uptake at baseline is associated with higher antiparkinson drug dosage at follow-up, but the wide variation means that the baseline FP-CIT SPECT does not reliably predict drug use in individual cases.
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Alpha-1-Antitrypsin inhibits acute liver failure in mice. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stocherkahnfahrer mit Ikterus – Fall 1/2014. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:28. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Inhaled dry powder apomorphine (VR040) for 'off ' periods in Parkinson's disease: an in-clinic double-blind dose ranging study. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128:166-71. [PMID: 23527823 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Off' periods increase as Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses and the benefits of standard therapy wane. Subcutaneous apomorphine rescues 'off' periods, but patient self-injection and adverse cutaneous effects are sometimes problematic. METHODS We assessed safety, tolerability and efficacy of inhaled dry powder apomorphine (VR040) in a double-blind clinic-based Phase II study. Of 48 patients recruited at nine sites, 47 were randomized 2:1 inhaled apomorphine/placebo. Respirable doses (drug predicted to reach the lung), ascending through 1.5, 2.3, 3.0 and 4.0 mg until efficacy was achieved, were administered to patients in a practically defined 'off' state. The primary endpoint was the response in unified PD rating scale Part 3 (UPDRS 3), at the highest dose received by the patient. Secondary endpoints included time to 'on', the proportion of patients converting from 'off' to 'on', and duration of 'on'. RESULTS In the 47 intent-to-treat patients with PD, mean age 60.6 years, the mean UPDRS 3 improvement was significantly greater for VR040 at 26.8 points (standard deviation 12.0), vs 14.9 (16.3) for placebo (treatment difference 11.6, 95% confidence interval 2.3-20.9, P = 0.016). Rapid apomorphine absorption (2-7 min) translated to rapid (mean 10 min) reversal from the 'off' state. Adverse effects did not differ between VR040 and placebo; no patient discontinued due to an adverse event; one serious adverse event (constipation) in the VR040 group was considered unrelated to trial medication. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled apomorphine shows significant promise as a replacement for intermittent subcutaneous injections; further studies are appropriate to optimize efficacy and tolerability.
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Phase IIa randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inhaled apomorphine as acute challenge for rescuing 'off' periods in patients with established Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20:1445-50. [PMID: 23350812 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In this first study of inhaled apomorphine (VR040) in patients with Parkinson's disease, the primary objective was to find the minimum efficacious dose of apomorphine that was useful in rescuing patients during 'off' periods. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of inhaled apomorphine were assessed during the study. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of three escalating single doses of inhaled apomorphine (0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 mg fine particle dose) versus placebo (3 : 1 active:placebo) was performed. Parkinson's motor severity assessments by a clinician, and disease state assessment by the patient, were performed at baseline during an 'off' state, and at specified times after test drug administration. Safety assessments (including vital signs, electrocardiogram and forced expiratory volume) were performed, and plasma apomorphine levels measured. RESULTS All 24 patients completed the study, and considering the three dose levels together, inhaled apomorphine did not significantly increase the proportion of patients switching from 'off' to 'on' (0/6 at 0.2 mg, 3/6 at 0.5 mg and 2/6 at 0.8 mg vs. 1/6 for placebo), or decrease the time from 'off' to 'on' post-treatment (10 min for 0.5 mg, 40 min for 0.8 mg, vs. 20 min for placebo). However, there was a suggestion of benefit at the higher doses (5/12 switched 'on' at the 0.5 or 0.8 mg doses, vs. 1/6 for placebo). There were no serious adverse events and treatment was well tolerated. Peak plasma concentration was 1-3 min post-dose, and plasma level dose proportionality was observed. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled apomorphine was safe and well tolerated at the doses tested for an acute challenge to rescue 'off' periods, but efficacy at these doses was limited. A follow-up study at higher doses is appropriate given these initial findings.
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Binocular rivalry between spiral stimuli and linear motion in human observers. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Binocular rivalry between spiral space stimuli in human observers: Expanding stimuli dominates over contraction and rotation. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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VSV virotherapy improves chemotherapy by triggering apoptosis due to proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. Gene Ther 2009; 16:849-61. [PMID: 19369968 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein (Mcl-1), an anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family member, contributes to chemotherapy resistance of tumors. The short half-life of Mcl-1 makes it an interesting target for therapeutic agents that negatively interfere with cellular protein biosynthesis, such as oncolytic viruses. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) has been established as the oncolytic virus that efficiently disrupts de novo protein biosynthesis of infected cells. Here, we show that after VSV infection, Mcl-1 protein levels rapidly declined, whereas the expression of other members of the Bcl-2 family remained unchanged. Mcl-1 elimination was a consequence of proteasomal degradation, as overexpression of a degradation-resistant Mcl-1 mutant restored Mcl-1 levels. Mcl-1 rescue inhibited apoptosis and thereby confirmed that Mcl-1 downregulation contributes to VSV-induced apoptosis. In vitro, VSV virotherapy in combination with chemotherapy revealed an enhanced therapeutic effect compared with the single treatments, which could be reverted by Mcl-1 rescue or RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak proteins. Finally, in a tumor mouse model, combinations of doxorubicin and VSV showed a superior therapeutic efficacy compared with VSV or doxorubicin alone. In summary, our data indicate that VSV virotherapy is an attractive strategy to overcome tumor resistance against conventional chemotherapy by elimination of Mcl-1.
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[Sorafenib for the treatment of HCC--the beginning of a new era in the treatment of HCC]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2009; 47:55-60. [PMID: 19156592 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib increases overall survival in patients with advanced HCC by almost three months. However, despite these advances in the treatment of patients with HCC, average overall survival remains below one year. Based on our understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis, the development of new molecular targeting agents and results from biomarker studies in HCC, new therapeutic treatment options are currently being investigated. We summarize recent results on the molecular therapy for HCC and discuss how these can be efficiently tested in patients with HCC.
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Three-dimensional sonographic assessment of fetal urine production before and after laser surgery in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2007; 30:972-976. [PMID: 18044798 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal urine production in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) reflects the hemodynamic imbalance between the donor and recipient twins but it has not been measured in this particular condition. The aim of this study was to measure fetal urine production using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in donor and recipient twins before and after laser treatment for TTTS and to correlate this with umbilical venous volume flow (UVVF). METHODS Urine production rate (UPR) was measured using 3D ultrasound with Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) in 106 cases of severe TTTS. The rotation angle was set at 30 degrees . The bladder volume was measured twice in each fetus (V(1) and V(2)), with an interval of 5-30 min between measurements, in order to calculate the UPR. When V(2) > V(1), UPR was calculated using the formula: V(2) - V(1) /time interval. Together with UPR, UVVF was measured before and after treatment. Both parameters were corrected for fetal weight. Inter- and intraobserver variability were calculated in 16 cases using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS Before laser treatment, UPR was significantly higher in recipients compared with donors (median, 14.8 and 0 mL/h/kg, mean 23.8 and 2.3 mL/h/kg, respectively, P < 0.001), and UPR was positively correlated with UVVF in both twins. Following laser treatment (48 h later), UPR decreased to 9 mL/h/kg (P < 0.001) in recipients, while there was no change in donors. UVVF increased significantly from a median value of 92 to 132 mL/min/kg (P < 0.01) in donors and decreased significantly from 150 to 99 mL/min/kg (P < 0.001) in recipients. CONCLUSIONS In TTTS UPR is correlated to UVVF and reflects the hemodynamic imbalance between donor and recipient twins. Following laser treatment, UPR decreases in recipients but is unaffected in donors. However, changes in UVVF occur in both twins. This suggests that although fetal renal function is driven by fetal hemodynamics, there may be a lag in the recovery of renal function in the donor twin.
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Intrahepatisches nicht-resektables cholangiozelluläres Karzinom – Erste Erfahrungen bei der regionalen intraarteriellen Chemookklusion in Ergänzung zur systemischen Chemotherapie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-827514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Acute salicylate overdose. Hosp Pract (1995) 1998; 33:46. [PMID: 9636349 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.1998.11443702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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[Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus]. LE JOURNAL MEDICAL LIBANAIS. THE LEBANESE MEDICAL JOURNAL 1998; 46:84-8. [PMID: 10095833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Ultrastructural study of dystrophic and scarred human corneas by quick-freeze, deep-etch method. Exp Eye Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(92)90563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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[Adverse ocular reactions to oral contraceptive use]. CONTRACEPTION, FERTILITE, SEXUALITE 1992; 20:441-4. [PMID: 12317484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Maternal and fetal alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels at term. Relation to sex, weight and gestation of the infant. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64:251-3. [PMID: 2409735 DOI: 10.3109/00016348509155123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured in maternal, cord arterial and venous blood. Samples were collected at the time of vaginal delivery from 105 women at 36-42 weeks' gestation. There was a significant correlation between maternal, cord arterial and venous AFP. Umbilical cord arterial and venous AFP levels were considerably higher in male infants than in females. Umbilical AFP levels declined with lengthening gestation and increasing birthweight for both male and female infants and a similar pattern was seen in the mother. Fetal AFP levels were significantly higher in subjects giving birth at 40 weeks whose infants had a birthweight below the population mean vis-à-vis those above the mean. It is concluded that the absolute size of the fetus as well as gestational age may play a significant role in determining maternal and fetal AFP concentration.
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Cardiac arrhythmias during the perioperative period. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1985; 75:17-22. [PMID: 3981432 DOI: 10.7547/87507315-75-1-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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