Inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized mast cells by Trichopus zeylanicus in mice and rats

Treatment of mice with Trichopus zeylanicus leaf resulted in inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized peritoneal mast cells. Further, it reduced the ratio of mast cells in the peritoneal exudate cells. The plant drug treatment did not protect mice from E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis. Studies in rats using mesenteric mast cells confirmed the above mast cell-stabilizing property of T. zeylanicus. This activity was found in the butanol fraction of methanol extract of T. zeylanicus leaf. The treatment with this fraction also reduced the number of rat mesenteric mast cells. However, the in vitro treatment of the mast cells with the butanol fraction did not inhibit antigen-induced degranulation of the mast cells.

Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants from India

From the Indian traditional medicines 78 plants were selected on the basis of their use in the treatment of infectious diseases. Different concentrations of 80% ethanol extracts were tested, using the agar dilution method, against four bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, using the agar-well diffusion method, against two fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. In the lowest tested concentration of 1.6 mg/ml, 10% of the plant extracts were active; 44% in a concentration of 6.25 mg/ml and 90% of the plant extracts were active against at least two bacteria in a concentration of 25 mg/ml. Only 13% of the plant extracts were active against at least one fungus in a concentration of 50 mg/ml.

New anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, and antifungal compounds from Terminalia bellerica

A bioactivity-guided fractionation of an extract of Terminalia bellerica fruit rind led to the isolation of two new lignans named termilignan (1) and thannilignan (2), together with 7-hydroxy-3',4'-(methylenedioxy)flavan (3) and anolignan B (4). All four compounds possessed demonstrable anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, and antifungal activity in vitro.

Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Oral administration of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia pallens Wall. (used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus) led to significant blood glucose lowering effect in glucose-fed hyperglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This effect of the extract was dose dependent and significant at 100 mg/kg level in glucose-fed rats. In fasted normal rats, the extract caused a moderate hypoglycaemic effect at a higher dose (1000 mg/kg). The water extract (1000 mg/kg) was inactive.