The Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in the Childhood Gastroenteritis

BACKGROUND

Acute gastroenteritis stemming from viral causes is very common during the childhood period. Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus are the most common factors of acute gastroenteritis encountered in infants and children. However, the epidemiology of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in the east Anatolia region is not well-known.

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the distribution of antigen positivity in rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigen tests required cases and demographic data retrospectively in pediatric patients admitted to our hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The records of stool sample analyses for 1154 patients admitted to our hospital from June 2011 to December 2011 with complaints of diarrhea were retrospectively examined. The presence of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens in stool specimens was investigated by means of an immunochromatographic test.

RESULTS

Viral antigens were detected in 327 (28.3%) stool specimens out of 1154. Among the positive results, the frequency was 73.7% for rotavirus and 26.2% for adenovirus. While the detected rotavirus antigen rate was high for all age groups, it was highest for children under the age of 2, with a rate of 57.1%. Moreover, the rotavirus infections were observed at a rate of 44.3% in winter and of 24.6% in autumn.

CONCLUSIONS

The most important factor in childhood acute gastroenteritis in east Anatolia is the rotavirus. Rotavirus and adenovirus antigens should be routinely investigated as a factor in fresh stool samples for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteritis in children in the winter and autumn months.

A Neonatal Septic Arthritis Case Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case Report

Septic arthritis is encountered very rarely during the neonatal period and its diagnosis can delay because of atypical symptoms, thus it may lead to serious sequelae. The sequale can be prevented by early diagnosis and concomitant treatment. In neonates, pain can be experienced as a result of pseudoparalysis and of movement of the effected joints. A 17-day-old neonatal patient was brought to our hospital with complaint of unrest and then diagnosed with septic arthritis due to propagation of Klebsiella pneumoniae in joint fluid culture was represented because of the rarity of such a case.

Fetal sodium valproate exposure causes Baller-Gerold syndrome phenotype: both phenotypes in the same family

Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS) is characterized by craniosynostosis and preaxial upper-limb malformations, and it has an autosomal recessive inheritance. Valproate syndrome occurs after exposure to valproic acid in utero, and is characterized by trigonocephaly. Both syndromes can also present with other malformations. Herein, we report a female newborn and her brother who both had a history of fetal exposure to maternal anti-epileptic drugs, especially sodium valproate. On physical examination of the female patient, craniosynostosis, trigonocephaly, right radius aplasia and hypoplastic thumb, and cardiac and renal malformations were determined, and she was diagnosed with BGS phenotype. The brother's examination revealed trigonocephaly, polymastia and hypospadias, and he was diagnosed with valproate syndrome. Based on these patients, we aimed to add further evidence in the literature indicating that the use of sodium valproate alone and in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs throughout pregnancy can increase the risk of serious fetal congenital malformations depending on the doses.