[Technical specification for orthodontic transmission straight wire technique]

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin's team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.

[The necessity of the multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment of orthodontics]

The rapid development of orthodontics is based on the oral health. Healthy oral cavity includes teeth, alveolar bone, maxilla and mandible, periodontal tissue, dental body, temporomandibular joint and other structures, which should function with coordination, stability and esthetics. Based on the above requirements, the clinical treatment of orthodontics often needs multidisciplinary cooperation to obtain satisfactory results. This paper makes a review on the multidisciplinary collaborative treatment of orthodontics.

[Progress in application of deep learning in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment]

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of orthodontics has gradually increased, and deep learning, as a hot direction, has also been rapidly applied in the detection, evaluation, diagnosis, prediction and effect evaluation. At present, deep learning research has the advantages of high efficiency and accuracy, but it also has limitations such as weak interpretability and insufficient data volume. This paper reviewed the proposal and development of deep learning, the application in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment, as well as the limitations and countermeasures of the popularization, and prospect of the future research.

[Early orthodontic treatment and craniofacial growth and development]

Early orthodontic treatment of malocclusion is becoming the hot topic in orthodontics. The characteristics of craniofacial and dental growth and development are very important in early orthodontics. The article focuses on early correction of malocclusion and normal growth and development recovery.

[Key points of orthodontic treatment for patients with periodontal diseases]

To obtain optimum result in patients with periodontal diseases, orthodontists need not only treatment techniques but deep understanding of the periodontal status of the patients. On the other hand, orthodontists should keep in mind the concept of multi-disciplinary treatment for these patients. This paper describes nine key points of orthodontic treatment for patients with periodontal disease, and gives some guidance and warnings to orthodontists.

Linc00702 inhibits cell growth and metastasis through regulating PTEN in colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE

To elucidate the expression and influence of Linc00702 on the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The expression of Linc00702 was evaluated using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in 91 paired CRC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissue samples, as well as in CRC cell lines. Cell proliferation in Caco2 and SW620 cells was detected using colony formation assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Wound-healing assay and transwell analysis were utilized to assess the abilities of cell migration and invasion. Western blot analysis was employed to further explore the underlying mechanism of Linc00702 in CRC.

RESULTS

Linc00702 was lowly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Over-expression of Linc00702 reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of Caco2 cells, while knockdown of Linc00702 promoted cell growth and metastasis of SW620 cells comparing to control group, relatively. PTEN was verified as the target for Linc00702 in CRC, and Linc00702 promoted PTEN expression to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Linc00702 was downregulated in CRC and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by repressing the PI3K/AKT pathway via promoting PTEN expression. This might provide a new target for the biological treatment for CRC.

Changes in intestinal florae and serum inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis rats and the effects of probiotics

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the changes in intestinal florae and serum inflammation in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to investigate the effects of probiotics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 30 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely, control group, model group, and probiotic group. The rats in the model group were prepared into models of collagen II-induced arthritis. Meanwhile, the rats in probiotic group were treated with probiotics for 6 weeks via intragastric administration in addition to the treatment in the model group. Next, the feces of rats in the control group, model group, and probiotic group were sampled to detect the composition of intestinal florae. In addition, peripheral blood was collected from rats to determine the changes in the content of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly upregulated in the model group (p<0.05). This suggested successful modeling. However, they decreased notably in probiotic group when compared with the model group (p<0.05), indicating that probiotics could inhibit inflammatory response in rats. The levels of microbes Bacteroidetes, Streptococcus and Clostridiales were significantly higher in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of Ruminococcaceae, Asoccbarobacler, Coriobacteriaceae, and fecal anaerobic coryneform bacteria were remarkably higher in the model group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of Porphyromonadaceae, Barnsiella, Actinobacteria, Alloscardovia, Bifidobacteria and Parabacteroides were remarkably higher in probiotic group (p<0.05). The intestinal level of Bacteroides was the highest in rats of control group, which decreased significantly in the model group (p=0.000). However, the intestinal level of Bacteroides in probiotic group was overtly higher than that in the model group (p=0.000), whereas was lower than the control group. The intestinal level of Bifidobacteria in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.024). However, it was evidently higher in the probiotic group than that in both model group and control group (p=0.000). The intestinal level of Asoccbarobacler was remarkably higher in the model group than that in control group (p=0.005). However, it was lower in probiotic group than that in model group (p=0.003), showing the highest in model group. There was an evidently negative correlation between Firmicuteria and Clostridium (r=-0.82, p=0.000), and a positive association between Firmicuteria and Bacteroides (r=0.77, p=0.000). Bacteroides was negatively correlated with Clostridium (r=-0.89, p=0.002) and Enterococcus (r=-0.63, p=0.021). In addition, Enterococcus had a highly positive correlation with Clostridium (r=0.6, p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Evident changes in intestinal florae and serum inflammation are detected in rats with RA, and such changes can be partially reversed by probiotics.

[Effect of orthodontic treatment on facial soft tissue in female adult]

In recent years, more and more female adult patients complained the aesthetic problems such as the decline of face fullness during the treatment. In the course of 2-3 years of orthodontic treatment, the age-related change of the facial bone structure in the adult is limited, and therefore, the shape change mainly depends on the change of the soft tissue. In this paper, the factors such as age-increasing factors, the structural factors of the face,the width of the arch and the change of the occlusal height were analyzed to explore the changes of facial soft tissue and related factors in the treatment with a view to providing a reference for clinical application.

MiR-17-5p modulates mitochondrial function of the genioglossus muscle satellite cells through targeting Mfn2 in hypoxia

The root cause of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is repeated hypoxia during sleep. The genioglossus is one of the most important upper airway dilatation muscles and is important for maintaining normal oxygen supply during sleep. Hypoxia can directly affect the energy metabolism level of the genioglossus muscle, thereby weakening muscle function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate mitochondrial function at the post-transcriptional level and achieve recovery or even enhancement of genioglossus function, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, an intermittent hypoxic cell model was established to detect the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of Genioglossus muscle satellite cells (GG MuSCs), and the damage to the mitochondrial structure and function was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial membrane potential. Then, miR-17-5p was upregulated and downregulated by miRNA mimics and inhibitors, respectively, and bioinformatics analysis was used to predict and validate the target genes of miR-17-5p. The results showed that the hypoxic environment affected the proliferation of GG MuSCs and mitochondrial membrane potential, which promoted the occurrence of apoptosis and mitochondrial edema. After upregulation of miR-17-5p, cell proliferative capacity and mitochondrial function were restored. Bioinformatics prediction and gene and protein level analyses found that Mfn2 may be a target gene of miR-17-5p. .

[Clinical analysis of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding]

目的

探究噬血细胞综合征（HLH）合并消化道出血患者的临床特征。

方法

对2015年1月至2017年2月确诊为HLH且合并消化道出血的52例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。

结果

①52例患者中，男32例（61.5%），女20例（38.5%），中位年龄为26（6~64）岁，其中EBV相关者36例（69.2%），淋巴瘤相关者5例（9.6%），原发性HLH者3例（5.8%），风湿免疫相关者3例（5.8%），结核相关者2例（3.8%），原因不明者3例（3.8%）。②52例患者的1、3、6、12个月总体生存率分别为74.7%、53.8%、32.9%和23.3%。③多因素分析（Logistic回归）结果显示血小板减少（P=0.036）、合并其他部位出血（P=0.030）是影响患者预后的不良因素，行异基因造血干细胞移植（P=0.026）是影响患者预后的良好因素。

结论

HLH合并消化道出血患者预后差。血小板减少及合并其他部位出血的患者预后不良，而异基因造血干细胞移植有助于改善患者预后。

The SUMO-specific protease SENP5 controls DNA damage response and promotes tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

SUMOylation plays critical roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis. SUMOylation is a reversible process which is mediated by the SENP (Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease) family to remove SUMO from conjugated substrates. SENP5 has been reported to play critical roles in the control of several cancers including breast cancer, osteosarcoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we uncovered a role of SENP5 in promoting tumorigenesis process in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via regulating DNA damage response.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The mRNA and protein levels of SENP5 in 10 pairs of HCC samples were determined by Realtime PCR and Western blot, respectively. SiRNAs were used to silence the expression of SENP5 in HepG2 cells. Male BALB/c nude mice were used to determine the roles of SENP5 on tumorigenesis. In vivo SUMOylation assay was used to detect the SUMOylation of ATRIP. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to detect the interaction between SENP5 and ATRIP.

RESULTS

We found that SENP5 was over-expressed in HCC samples and required for HCC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. SENP5-depleted HepG2 cells exhibited hypersensitivity to IR and etoposide treatment with defective checkpoint activation including decreased activation of ATR and phosphorylation of ATR targets. At the molecular level, we found that SENP5 interacted with ATRIP and promoted ATRIP deSUMOylation.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, our data suggest that SENP5 is required for HCC cell growth and might be a promising drug target for HCC.

Investigation of protein-styrene oxide adducts as a molecular biomarker of human exposed to styrene

Hemoglobin-styrene oxide adducts in blood have been studied as a molecular biomarker of worker exposed to styrene. Determination of protein-styrene oxide adducts in different biological samples with modified Raney-Ni procedure is described in this paper. The following biological samples have been investigated: fresh rat blood reacted with styrene oxide in vitro; rat blood reacted with styrene or styrene oxide in vivo; vein blood from workers exposed to styrene in two factories. The data showed that there was a good linear dose-response relationship between reacting dose of styrene oxide or styrene and amount of protein-styrene oxide adducts in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. For human samples, a dose-response relationship between protein adducts and styrene exposure can be found in glass fiber factory, but not in piano manufacture plant.

[The role of theophylline in the improvement of scop-induced learning and memory impairment]

Adenosine and ACh contents in hippocampus, striatum region around the nucleus of basal meynert (NBM) and the frontal and temporal parts of rat cortex were measured by a high performance liquid chromotography-electronic detector (HPLC-ECD). Adenosine content in 18~20 month-old rats was significantly higher than that of 3~6 month-old rats, while ACh content in 18~20 month-old rats was lower than that of 3~6 month-old ones. Learning and memory impairment models were established by induction of SD rats with scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, ip), which were injected with an adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline (1.0 mg/5 microliter, icv), and the step-down test was performed. The error frequency in the step-down test decreased significantly (P<<0.05), and the retention time was longer than that of control. Furthermore, ACh content increased in all the three different brain regions. The above results suggest that adenosine may play an important role in senile learning and memory impairment, and theophylline may improve scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment by increasing ACh content. In consequence, theophylline could be a promising drug for ameliorating senile learning and memory impairment.

[Epidemiological study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in plasmapheresis and blood donors]

We actively adopted method to control hepatitis C (HC) epidemic in blood sampling. ELISA was used to detect anti-HCV antibody in different groups of 2348 blood donors. The positive rates of anti-HCV for plasmaphersis and whole blood donors were 0.58% (2/343) and 1.34% (27/2005) respectively, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The positive rates of anti-HCV for plasmapheresis donors in 1-2 years and over 9 years were 0.99% (7/701) and 0.74% (2/270) respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) either. The positive rates of anti-HCV for plasmapheresis donors in 1992 and in 1994 were 1.64% (7/426), and 0.58% (2/343). The results showed that HCV infection rate did not increase in plasmapheresis donors, nor did it increase parallel with the increasing gears of blood donnation.

Age-dependent change in the inhibitory effect of an adenosine agonist on hippocampal acetylcholine release in rats

To investigate the possibility that age-dependent deficits in acetylcholine (ACh) release are precipitated by the alteration of endogenous purinergic activities, the effects of (-)N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), an adenosine agonist, in modulating K+ (25 mM)-induced [3H]ACh release from the hippocampal slices of young (3-6 months old) and old rats (26-30 months old) were examined. In young rats, PIA (0.1-10 microM) caused a dose-related inhibition of [3H]ACh release from the hippocampal slices and a significant reduction in [3H]ACh release was observed in the presence of 1 microM PIA. In old rats, a similar pattern of PIA suppression of K(+)-induced [3H]ACh release was observed; however, a 10-fold higher concentration of PIA (10 microM) was required to elicit a significant inhibition. This age-dependent reduction in responsiveness to PIA may be due to an enhanced endogenous adenosine activity in aged rats leading to downregulation of the adenosine receptors. This notion is supported by the finding that both the adenosine concentration and activity of 5'-nucleotidase, an enzyme partially governing adenosine synthesis, were increased in the hippocampus of old rats as compared to their younger counterparts.

Decrease in cold tolerance of aged rats caused by the enhanced endogenous adenosine activity

During severe cold exposure, old rats (24-28 months) were less capable of maintaining their body temperature compared to young rats (3-6 months) due to lower rate of heat production. Single injection of adenosine deaminase (AD) (converts adenosine to inosine) significantly increased thermogenesis in both young and old rats. However, doubling the dose of AD was required for optimal thermogenic response in old rats. In contrast, the similar enhancements in both thermogenesis and cold tolerance were observed in both young and old rats receiving the same optimal doses of specific adenosine receptor antagonists. These results lead to the suggestion that the lower capability of aged rats to withstand cold exposure could be due to an increase in adenosine stimulation because of the decreased endogenous AD activity rather than an increase in adenosine receptor sensitivity. This notion is further supported by the finding that the AD activity in the neck muscle, a key site for shivering thermogenesis, was significantly lower in old rats as compared to their younger counterparts before and after cold exposure.

Analysis of mutagenic nitroarenes in carbon black by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method was developed for the analysis of mutagenic nitroarenes in carbon black. The procedure included extraction, pre-separation column chromatography on silica gel, and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a diode-array detector. Different solvents, such as dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene were used for the extraction of carbon black. It was found that chlorobenzene yielded the highest amount of extracted material. The pre-separation, the optimization of the HPLC separation, the selection of detection wavelengths, and the calibration curve are discussed. 3-Nitro-9-fluorenone was detected in a treated carbon black, which is used for making carbon ink. The identification of peaks in the sample chromatograms was confirmed by comparing the retention time and the UV spectra with those of standards.

High-performance liquid chromatographic studies of environmental carcinogens in China

A review of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) studies of environmental carcinogens in China is presented, including the HPLC analysis of the ubiquitous polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and of nitro-substituted PAHs and aflatoxins. Some results of applying these methods to air particulates, emissions, smoke from coal combustion and water and to the inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism are reported.

Potent mutagenic impurities in a commercial sample of 3-nitro-9-fluorenone

A commercial sample of 3-nitro-9-fluorenone was a potent mutagen in the Ames Salmonella assay, producing 1000 TA98 net revertants per plate at 0.76 microgram/plate without the presence of liver homogenates (-S9). After purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), 3-nitro-9-fluorenone was found to be at least 6 times less active than the parent sample. The commercial sample was fractionated by HPLC and the mutagenic impurity peaks collected and subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The mass spectra of 2 potent mutagenic fractions showed the principal molecular species to be a dinitrofluorenone and an acetamidomononitrofluorenone. Samples of synthetic 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone and 2-acetamido-3-nitro-9-fluorenone had mutagenic activities, HPLC retention times, and mass spectra characteristics similar to the mutagenic impurity fractions collected from the commercial sample.