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Caldamone AA, Koyle MA. This month's review: quality improvement and patient safety. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:279. [PMID: 31221398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Rushton
- Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University Medical Center, USA
| | - G W Kaplan
- University of California- San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - M E Mitchell
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Washington School of Medicine, USA
| | - A A Caldamone
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA.
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Koyle MA, Hurwitz RS, Caldamone AA. [Not Available]. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:3-4. [PMID: 30832992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Malone PS, Hall-Craggs MA, Mouriquand PDE, Caldamone AA. The anatomical assessment of disorders of sex development (DSD). J Pediatr Urol 2012; 8:585-91. [PMID: 22995869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of abnormal anatomy in cases of DSD is important to aid diagnosis, understand the aetiology and severity of the condition, guide management and assess the outcomes of treatment. In this paper we present a systematic approach to this assessment which will provide a means by which the multiple disciplines who manage patients with these rare and complex conditions can communicate and thus improve overall care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Malone
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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5
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Abstract
PURPOSE Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux continues to attract research of many autologous and nonautologous substances. We previously reported on the initial results of a clinical trial using endoscopic injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children and now present our greater than 1-year followup results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 children (47 ureters) with grades II to IV vesicoureteral reflux were treated at 2 centers. Each child underwent cystoscopy and posterior auricular cartilage harvesting at the initial setting. Chondrocytes were grown in culture during a 6-week period. Patients returned for transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes into the ureterovesical junction of the refluxing ureters. Ultrasound was performed at 1 month, 1 year, and 2 and 3 years after implantation, and a voiding cystourethrogram or radionuclide cystogram at 3 months and 1 year after injection. If reflux persisted re-treatment with stored chondrocytes was offered. RESULTS At 3-month followup initial chondrocyte injection corrected reflux in 55% of ureters (27 of 47) while a second or third injection was successful in additional 15 of 29 patients, resulting in an overall success rate of 86% (42 of 49) ureters and 25 of 29 patients. At 1-year followup reflux correction was maintained in 70% of ureters (32 of 46) and 65% of patients (19 of 29). The 1-year followup results after re-treatment of 3 ureters were not available. In those patients in whom implantation failed cystoscopy revealed evidence of volume loss and shifting of subureteral mounds to account for loss of the antireflux effect. Three patients underwent successful open ureteroneocystostomy for failed autologous chondrocyte implantation. There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS Transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children is safe and reasonably effective. There is a relapse rate which must be considered. Changes in the formulation of the material have been made to enhance implant reliability and increase long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Caldamone
- Division of Urology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux continues to attract research of many autologous and nonautologous substances. We previously reported on the initial results of a clinical trial using endoscopic injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children and now present our greater than 1-year followup results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 children (47 ureters) with grades II to IV vesicoureteral reflux were treated at 2 centers. Each child underwent cystoscopy and posterior auricular cartilage harvesting at the initial setting. Chondrocytes were grown in culture during a 6-week period. Patients returned for transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes into the ureterovesical junction of the refluxing ureters. Ultrasound was performed at 1 month, 1 year, and 2 and 3 years after implantation, and a voiding cystourethrogram or radionuclide cystogram at 3 months and 1 year after injection. If reflux persisted re-treatment with stored chondrocytes was offered. RESULTS At 3-month followup initial chondrocyte injection corrected reflux in 55% of ureters (27 of 47) while a second or third injection was successful in additional 15 of 29 patients, resulting in an overall success rate of 86% (42 of 49) ureters and 25 of 29 patients. At 1-year followup reflux correction was maintained in 70% of ureters (32 of 46) and 65% of patients (19 of 29). The 1-year followup results after re-treatment of 3 ureters were not available. In those patients in whom implantation failed cystoscopy revealed evidence of volume loss and shifting of subureteral mounds to account for loss of the antireflux effect. Three patients underwent successful open ureteroneocystostomy for failed autologous chondrocyte implantation. There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS Transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children is safe and reasonably effective. There is a relapse rate which must be considered. Changes in the formulation of the material have been made to enhance implant reliability and increase long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Caldamone
- Division of Urology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Siddiq FM, Caldamone AA. Fetal obstructive uropathy: diagnosis and management. Med Health R I 2001; 84:155-8. [PMID: 11392953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Siddiq
- Department of Urology, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Abstract
Laparoscopy in pediatric urology is a rapidly evolving field that is becoming part of the operative repertoire of an increasing number of pediatric urologists. This article summarizes the latest ideas and issues in the expanding field of laparoscopy in pediatric urology. New methods of obtaining laparoscopic access and retraction are discussed. Laparoscopic experiences in urologic reconstruction, diagnosis and treatment of the nonpalpable testis, renal surgery, ureteral reimplantation, varicocelectomy, hydrocelectomy, and herniorrhaphy are reviewed. Articles assessing the safety of a pneumoperitoneum in patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Telsey
- Division of Urology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, 2 Dudley Street, Suite 174, Providence, RI 02915, USA.
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Lavine MA, Siddiq FM, Cahn DJ, Caesar RE, Koyle MA, Caldamone AA. Vesicoureteral reflux after ureteroneocystostomy: indications for postoperative voiding cystography. Tech Urol 2001; 7:50-4. [PMID: 11272679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for vesicoureteral reflux following ureteral reimplantation to identify a population that can be safely excluded from postoperative voiding cystography. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 273 patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy for vesicoureteral reflux between 1990 and 1998 and recorded the postoperative renal ultrasonography and voiding cystography results. RESULTS There were 273 patients (534 ureters) who underwent ureteral reimplantation. We recorded the grade of preoperative hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux and noted several preoperative and intraoperative variables, such as dysfunctional voiding, breakthrough infections, renal scarring, bladder trabeculations, type of reimplant, and postoperative urinary tract infections. With a mean follow-up of 20.6 months, persistent postoperative vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 11 patients (4%). Persistent postoperative reflux was noted in 11 patients (4%) or 12 renal units (2.2%). Reflux resolution rates for 534 renal units and 273 patients after routine follow-up voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was 97.8% (renal units) and 96% (patients), respectively. Contralateral vesicoureteral reflux developed in 4 (5.1%) of the 78 patients who underwent unilateral reimplantation. Two patients (0.7%) had postoperative ureteral obstruction. The risk factors for persistent postoperative reflux were identified as preoperative and postoperative hydronephrosis, renal scarring, and tapered reimplantations. The type of reimplant did not correlate with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Vesicoureteral reflux after ureteral reimplantation is uncommon (4%). Because of the high success rate of ureteral reimplants and the benign course of those patients with persistent low-grade postoperative reflux, it is safe and efficient to eliminate postoperative VCUG in most patients who had a simple ureteral reimplantation for reflux. However, in some higher-risk patients, such as those with preoperative hydronephrosis, renal scarring, and ureteral tapering, postoperative voiding cystography may be indicated to assure resolution of vesicoureteral reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lavine
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University, Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Caesar RE, Caldamone AA. The use of free grafts for correcting penile chordee. J Urol 2000; 164:1691-3. [PMID: 11025749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with extensive penile chordee may require free graft placement to create a straight phallus. We review our experience with those who underwent primary (no previous surgery) and secondary repair using dermal and tunica vaginalis grafts to correct penile chordee. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1992 and 1998, 28 patients required free graft placement to correct penile chordee. In 8 cases (29%) primary repair was done using tunica vaginalis in 2 and a dermal graft in 6, while in 20 (71%) secondary repair was performed due to recurrent chordee with or without hypospadias. Tunica vaginalis was used in 3 patients and dermal grafts in 17. Grafts were used when straightening did not result from penile shaft degloving, dorsal plication and urethral plate division. Mean followup was 2 years. RESULTS Residual chordee developed in 1 of 8 patients after primary and in 2 of 20 after secondary repair. Tunica vaginalis grafts had been placed at repair in all patients with residual chordee but there was no recurrent chordee after dermal graft placement. Chordee recurred in 60% of the patients who received a tunica vaginalis graft. CONCLUSIONS Conventional techniques, such as penile degloving and dorsal plication, may be used to correct penile chordee in most cases, while free grafts are more likely to be required for secondary repair. We believe that dermal grafts result in more successful repair than tunica vaginalis grafts, which seem to be associated with a higher incidence of residual chordee.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Caesar
- Department of Urology, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Caldamone AA, Chen SC, Elder JS, Ritchey ML, Diamond DA, Koyle MA. Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula. J Urol 1999; 162:1430-2. [PMID: 10492230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula is a rare anomaly that may present in an isolated fashion or in association with other penile abnormalities, such as chordee or hypospadias. There have been 18 cases of congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula reported in the literature. We present 14 additional cases of congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated 14 patients with congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula, of whom 9 were uncircumcised at presentation. Two patients had evidence of chordee and 4 had distal hypospadias. RESULTS The type of repair was determined by the anatomical variations of this anomaly. All cases were corrected electively by various techniques based on the degree of the defect, including primary closure via a Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty, pedicle flap urethroplasty, hinged flap urethroplasty and interpositioned island pedicle tube or onlay urethroplasty. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge the embryological events that cause anterior urethrocutaneous fistula are unclear but they likely result from a defective urethral plate or an abnormality of the infolding of the urethral groove. Surgical technique must be individualized to fit the defect. While there has been considerable skepticism regarding the existence of congenital urethrocutaneous fistula, the fact that 9 of our 14 patients were uncircumcised confirms the congenital nature of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Caldamone
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Hasbro Children's Hospital-Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE Previous approaches to the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux have used foreign bulking substances, raising concern regarding safety and long-term efficacy. We describe the results of a clinical trial using transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 children (46 ureters) with grades II to IV vesicoureteral reflux were treated at 2 sites. Each child underwent cystoscopy and ear cartilage biopsy at the initial setting. Chondrocytes were grown in culture for 6 weeks. Patients then returned for transurethral injection of chondrocytes into the bladder trigone to correct reflux. Ultrasound was performed 1 month and radionuclide cystography was done 3 months postoperatively to confirm reflux resolution. When reflux persisted, repeat treatment with stored chondrocytes was offered. RESULTS Initial chondrocyte injection corrected reflux in 26 of the 46 ureters (57%), while secondary injection was successful in 12 of 19 (63%). Overall reflux was corrected in 38 of the 46 ureters (83%) and in 24 of the 29 patients (83%). There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS Transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children appears to be an effective and safe technique that holds promise for treating this congenital abnormality in a minimally invasive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Diamond
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Previous approaches to the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux have used foreign bulking substances, raising concern regarding safety and long-term efficacy. We describe the results of a clinical trial using transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 children (46 ureters) with grades II to IV vesicoureteral reflux were treated at 2 sites. Each child underwent cystoscopy and ear cartilage biopsy at the initial setting. Chondrocytes were grown in culture for 6 weeks. Patients then returned for transurethral injection of chondrocytes into the bladder trigone to correct reflux. Ultrasound was performed 1 month and radionuclide cystography was done 3 months postoperatively to confirm reflux resolution. When reflux persisted, repeat treatment with stored chondrocytes was offered. RESULTS Initial chondrocyte injection corrected reflux in 26 of the 46 ureters (57%), while secondary injection was successful in 12 of 19 (63%). Overall reflux was corrected in 38 of the 46 ureters (83%) and in 24 of the 29 patients (83%). There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS Transurethral injection of autologous chondrocytes to correct vesicoureteral reflux in children appears to be an effective and safe technique that holds promise for treating this congenital abnormality in a minimally invasive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Diamond
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tackett LD, Breuer CK, Luks FI, Caldamone AA, Breuer JG, DeLuca FG, Caesar RE, Efthemiou E, Wesselhoeft CW. Incidence of contralateral inguinal hernia: a prospective analysis. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:684-7; discussion 687-8. [PMID: 10359164 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Contralateral groin exploration in children with unilateral inguinal hernia is still controversial, particularly in infants. The authors have attempted to determine the age- and gender-stratified incidence of contralateral hernia and the necessity of routine bilateral procedures. METHODS This is a prospective study of 656 patients during a 34-month period at a single institution. Patients with unilateral hernia underwent an ipsilateral procedure only, regardless of age, gestational age, or gender. Follow-up was 6 to 40 months (mean, 25.5 months). Chi-square analysis was used for intergroup comparison (P < .05 significant). RESULTS Of 656 children, 108 (16.5%) presented with synchronous bilateral hernias. Bilateral inguinal hernia was significantly more common in premature infants (28.0%) and young children (33.8% if <6 months, 27.4% if <2 years). Of the remaining 548, a metachronous contralateral hernia developed in 48 (8.8%) at a median interval of 6 months (range, 4 days to 7 years). This incidence was 13 of 105 (12.4%) in infants less than 6 months of age, 20 of 189 (10.6%) in children less than 2 years of age, 8 of 54 (14.8%) in premature infants, 6 of 81 (7.4%) in girls, and 8 of 29 (27.6%) in children with an incarcerated hernia. In the latter group, P < .05, chi2 analysis. CONCLUSION Routine contralateral inguinal exploration, without clinical evidence of a hernia, may be advisable in children with incarceration and possibly in premature infants. The low incidence of contralateral hernias in all other patients, regardless of gender or age, does not justify routine contralateral exploration.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Hernia, Inguinal/epidemiology
- Hernia, Inguinal/pathology
- Hernia, Inguinal/surgery
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/surgery
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Tackett
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Brown University School of Medicine, and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Hodge-Gray E, Caldamone AA. Primary nocturnal enuresis: a review. J Sch Nurs 1998; 14:38-42. [PMID: 9883144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bed-wetting--primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE)--is a common yet misunderstood and under-treated childhood condition. PNE is both psychologically and physically distressing. Since bed-wetting children will often avoid peer activities for fear of overnight invitations, any child who avoids social situations and withdraws from most activities should be screened for PNE. Early screening and treatment can afford bed-wetters improved quality of life. School nurses are in an ideal position to identify potential enuretics. Given the range of available treatments, it is incumbent upon nurses to screen and advocate early treatment for these children.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients requiring urethral reconstruction but who have a paucity of usable genital tissue present a considerable technical challenge. Herein we report the experience of three centers in the use of buccal mucosa for urethral replacement. METHODS From 1991 to 1996, 22 urethral reconstructions were completed using a graft of buccal mucosa. Eighteen of 22 patients had previously failed hypospadias repairs, while three had bulbar urethral stricture and one had penile carcinoma. Grafts were taken from either the inner cheek or the lower lip, and seven were used as a combined graft. Onlay grafts were used in 6 cases and tubularized grafts in 16 cases. RESULTS Two patients developed complications at the donor site. Nine of 22 patients had complications of the urethroplasty-two had meatal stenosis, four developed a urethral fistula, and three developed urethral stricture. All complications have been managed successfully to date. CONCLUSIONS Buccal mucosa is an excellent source of graft material for urethral replacement in complex urethroplasties. It is readily available, in abundant supply, and has physical properties beneficial to free graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Caldamone
- Division of Pediatric Urology and Plastic Surgery, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Congenital ureteral valves are a rare cause of ureteral obstruction in children, with only 42 cases having been reported in peer-reviewed literature. Eight additional cases of ureteral valves are herein reported. METHODS We report on the diagnosis and management of eight children with ureteral obstruction secondary to a ureteral valve. RESULTS Eight children with congenital ureteral valves were managed by ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy, ureteropyelostomy, or longitudinal ureterotomy with excision of valve leaflets. The obstruction was relieved in all. CONCLUSIONS Ureteral valves should be included in the differential diagnosis of ureteral obstruction in children. Reconstruction is curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rabinowitz
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642-8656, USA
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Wojcik LJ, Hansen K, Diamond DA, Koyle M, Koff SA, Coplen DE, Caldamone AA. Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis: a benign congenital lesion associated with ipsilateral urological anomalies. J Urol 1997; 158:600-4. [PMID: 9224375 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis is a benign congenital lesion that can mimic testicular cancer. We report 6 cases, review the literature, discuss the embryological etiology and make management recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records and pathology reports of 6 boys presenting with cystic dysplasia of the rete testis at 5 institutions were reviewed, as was the relevant literature. RESULTS Of the 6 cases 5 presented as scrotal masses in previously healthy boys and 1 as an abdominal mass in a newborn with multiple congenital anomalies. One patient had been followed from birth for a multicystic dysplastic kidney and 4 were found to have an ipsilateral absent kidney during evaluation. Development of the contralateral side was normal in most cases. CONCLUSIONS Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis is an unusual, benign congenital lesion that can mimic testicular cancer in presentation. The presence of ipsilateral renal anomalies, particularly renal agenesis, can suggest cystic dysplasia of the rete testis in the differential diagnosis preoperatively. Even if cystic dysplasia of the rete testis is suspected, we recommend inguinal exploration and early control of the spermatic cord in the event that neoplasia is identified. If possible, the goal of preserving as much normal testicular parenchyma as possible is desirable. Long-term followup for possible recurrence is recommended, particularly after local excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wojcik
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE We studied a population of patients undergoing unilateral antireflux surgery to determine the mechanism of new onset contralateral reflux postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 141 patients underwent unilateral antireflux surgery via the Cohen, Glenn-Anderson or extravesical technique. The 18% of patients who had new onset contralateral vesicoureteral reflux were analyzed according to grade of initial reflux, presence of a Hutch diverticulum or duplex system and surgical technique. RESULTS Surgical technique did not influence the development of contralateral reflux. As grade of corrected reflux increased, a significant trend toward development of contralateral reflux was noted. A Hutch diverticulum was not a risk factor for contralateral reflux but reflux into a duplicated system was a distinct risk factor (26 versus 12% in single system reflux). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the concept that new onset contralateral reflux may result from elimination of a pop-off mechanism. Surgical distortion of the contralateral hemi-trigone appears not to be responsible. Correction of severe (grade V) reflux and reflux into duplex systems put patients at particular risk for development of contralateral reflux postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Diamond
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE We report on 7 patients with splenogonadal fusion and review the literature on this unusual condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of patients diagnosed with splenogonadal fusion between 1989 and 1994 at 4 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS All 7 patients were properly diagnosed at surgery and the testes were salvaged in 5. In 1 intersex patient gonadectomy was appropriate. CONCLUSIONS Splenogonadal fusion is a rare condition. Familiarity with this lesion allows for intraoperative diagnosis and testicular salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Balaji
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA
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Hoenig DM, McRae S, Chen SC, Diamond DA, Rabinowitz R, Caldamone AA. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in the pediatric patient. J Urol 1996; 156:203-5. [PMID: 8648805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report on 5 boys with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, describe the identifying characteristics, review the literature, and define the issues of diagnosis, treatment and followup in this rare disease in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five boys 11 to 18 years old were identified with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Preoperative imaging and urinary cytology were correlated with cystoscopic and biopsy findings. RESULTS In all patients evaluation was prompted by gross hematuria. Low grade lesions, definitive cystoscopic management and a low recurrence rate were uniform findings. Preoperative imaging identified the tumor in all cases and bladder ultrasound was the most sensitive scan with 4 of 4 cases identified. CONCLUSIONS While rare, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in children presents a challenge in diagnosis and followup since cystoscopy typically requires general anesthesia in this age group. Bladder ultrasound was found to be extremely sensitive in identifying lesions, and it may be a valuable and minimally invasive surveillance tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Hoenig
- Division of Urology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Hoenig DM, Diamond DA, Rabinowitz R, Caldamone AA. Contralateral reflux after unilateral ureteral reimplantation. J Urol 1996; 156:196-7. [PMID: 8648801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analyzed the incidence and outcome of postoperative contralateral reflux after unilateral ureteral reimplantation by the Cohen and Glenn-Anderson techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 120 patients 3 months to 21 years old in whom unilateral vesicoureteral reflux was treated by unilateral reimplantation. The incidence of postoperative contralateral reflux was documented by followup voiding cystourethrography. RESULTS Overall 19% of patients who underwent unilateral reimplantation had contralateral vesicoureteral reflux postoperatively, including 21% after the Cohen and 17% after the Glenn-Anderson procedure. Of the cases 61% spontaneously resolved, 13% were surgically corrected and 26% continue to be followed. CONCLUSIONS The rates of postoperative contralateral vesicoureteral reflux are not significantly different after Cohen and Glenn-Anderson repair. A majority of cases will resolve spontaneously within 2 years. The likelihood of trigonal distortion as the etiology of contralateral reflux is low given the similar incidence in cross-trigonal and ureteral advancement reimplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Hoenig
- Division of Urology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Abstract
While laparoscopy has become a reasonably well accepted modality in the management of the nonpalpable testis, its role has been largely diagnostic. We report complete laparoscopic management of the intra-abdominal testis. The advantage of the 2-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy is discussed and the technique of a laparoscopic second stage is described, which has been used successfully in 5 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Caldamone
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
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Abstract
A total of 208 boys with a unilateral impalpable testis and a contralateral descended testis was studied to correlate the probability of finding blind-ending vas and vessels (vanishing testis) with the side of presentation of the impalpable testis. Of 142 boys with a left impalpable testis 93 (65%) had a vanishing testis and of 66 boys with a right impalpable testis 38 (58%) had a vanishing testis (p < 0.28). These data indicate that impalpable and vanishing testes are more likely to occur on the left side in boys with a unilateral impalpable testis but the likelihood of having a vanishing testis is similar regardless of the side of presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Diamond
- Division of Urology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester
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25
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Rockney RM, Caldamone AA. Incontinence in children. R I Med 1994; 77:284-6. [PMID: 7949434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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26
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Abstract
Laparoscopy was done in 104 consecutive patients with 106 impalpable testes. Three clinical presentations were identified and the value of laparoscopy in each was analyzed. 1) For unilateral impalpable and contralateral normal testes laparoscopic identification of testicular absence was made in 27% of the cases and intra-abdominal testes were found in 16%. Therefore, laparoscopy was of value in 43% of the cases. 2) For bilateral undescended testes (1 or both impalpable) laparoscopy was diagnostic in 75% of the cases (17% had blind-ending spermatic vessels above the internal ring and 58% had intra-abdominal testes). 3) For patients with previous negative inguinal exploration laparoscopic diagnosis was made in 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Diamond
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester
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27
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Abstract
Lymphomatous involvement of the kidneys is a common manifestation of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but associated renal dysfunction is uncommon. In contrast, lymphoma originating within the kidneys is a rare event. We report a case of primary renal lymphoma presenting with renal insufficiency and hypertension in a 10-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Dobkin
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Brown University Program in Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
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28
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Abstract
We report three additional cases of primary extrarenal Wilms' tumor and review those cases previously documented. Analysis of the location, histopathology, treatment, and survival of these cases supports the following conclusions: Wilms' tumor may occur in an extrarenal location without primary renal involvement and must be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal, pelvic, and inguinal masses; an extrarenal location supports a more frequent occurrence of ectopic metanephric blastema than was previously recognized or origin of Wilms' tumor from a more primitive mesodermal tissue; and the natural history and prognosis of extrarenal and renal Wilms' tumors appears similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Broecker
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
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29
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Clair DL, Caldamone AA. Pediatric office procedures. Urol Clin North Am 1988; 15:715-23. [PMID: 3055622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The practice of pediatric urology has changed much during the last 25 years. Procedures that were once done only on inpatients are now done as ambulatory cases, comprising more than 60 per cent of all surgery. This trend has continued, with even more cases being done as office procedures. These consist of circumcision, meatotomy for stenosis, lysis of labial adhesions, and meatal dilatation after hypospadias repair. If an operation is done with attention to detail, it can be completed with minimal complications, although, as evidenced with circumcision, those that do occur can carry significant morbidity and even cause death. The primary limiting factor for performing procedures in the office is the comfort of the patient. The procedure, by necessity, has to entail minimum pain and great ease in obtaining hemostasis and requires a cooperative patient and family. Therefore, even as the number of operations performed on an out-patient basis increases, there are a finite number of cases suitable for the office.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Clair
- Department of Urology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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30
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Abstract
Disorders of urachal remnants are uncommon. While a urachal cyst usually is asymptomatic, infection may mimic a variety of acute intra-abdominal or pelvic processes. We describe 10 patients in 2 distinct age groups (the young child and the young adult) with an infected urachal cyst. The presenting symptoms and signs in most patients included dysuria, severe lower abdominal pain and fever. In 7 patients the correct preoperative diagnosis was made. Diagnoses at referral included Crohn's disease, bladder carcinoma and pelvic inflammatory disease. A single procedure was performed in 7 cases and a staged technique was used in 3. The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal and pelvic pain or a midline lower abdominal mass in the pediatric or young adult age group should include infection of a urachal remnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Goldman
- Division of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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31
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Abstract
A 15-month-old phenotypic female was diagnosed as having 46XY gonadal dysgenesis following karyotyping for Turner-like features. Gonadectomy at the time of bilateral ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux showed gonadoblastoma. This case, in which malignancy was already established at 15 months, indicates the need for early gonadectomy, which should be performed at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Olsen
- Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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32
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Abstract
Acquired infundibular stenosis is an unusual complication resulting in pancalyceal obstruction. We have cared for 6 patients with acquired infundibular stenosis not associated with tuberculosis. All patients had urinary diversion with ileal conduits for a minimum of eleven years and documented ileal-ureteral reflux and chronic urinary tract infections. The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics of this syndrome are described and therapeutic guidelines suggested.
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33
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Spirnak JP, Caldamone AA. Ureterosigmoidostomy. Urol Clin North Am 1986; 13:285-94. [PMID: 3515726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With all of the recent attention focused on obtaining an internalized form of urinary diversion, the use of ureterosigmoidostomy is often overlooked. In spite of the many potential complications associated with this procedure, with recent improvements in surgical technique, the availability of antibiotics, and a better understanding of physiology of the colon, these formerly life-threatening complications can now be minimized. We believe the use of ureterosigmoidostomy should not be overlooked in the individual in whom an internalized form of urinary diversion is desirable. In the properly motivated patient with rectal continence, who is free of intrinsic renal disease and does not have ureteral dilation, ureterosigmoidostomy can be expected to be a highly successful form of urinary diversion.
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34
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Caldamone AA. Duplication anomalies of the upper tract in infants and children. Urol Clin North Am 1985; 12:75-91. [PMID: 3883626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Duplication of the upper tract constitutes a common anomaly of the renal pelvis and ureter. The varied combinations and presentations provide a challenge in both diagnosis and treatment. The author presents a synopsis of the more common types of anomalies encountered along with their evaluation and treatment.
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35
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Abstract
We have found that the blanket philosophy of emergency scrotal exploration in all cases of acute scrotal swelling in boys results in an unacceptably large number of unnecessary explorations. The use of specific aspects of the clinical examination, in conjunction with the radioisotope testicular scan in selected instances, has guided our management of 150 consecutive boys presenting with acute scrotal symptoms.
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36
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Abstract
Ureteroceles can be associated with obstruction and/or reflux to any of the involved renal units. Their management is controversial and the possible options are numerous. From a population of 58 children with ureteroceles we analyzed those patients who underwent upper pole heminephrectomy alone as to the secondary operative rate. Followup examination of those patients whose management was initiated with upper pole partial nephrectomy and partial ureterectomy revealed a higher than expected incidence of persistent reflux.
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37
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Caldamone AA. Surgery of upper tract calculi in children. Urol Clin North Am 1983; 10:645-8. [PMID: 6636380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of children with calculi requires special considerations. One must search for underlying anomalies that may be predisposing factors. Technical considerations play a major role in the choice of treatment of upper tract stones in the pediatric population.
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38
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Abstract
Postoperative intussusception is a documented complication of pediatric surgical and pediatric urologic abdominal operations. In contrast to "primary" intussusception's triad of crampy abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, and "currant jelly" stools, postoperative intussusception is generally characterized by abdominal pain and vomiting. An abdominal mass is not usually palpable, and few children have bloody stools. Proper diagnosis and treatment may be delayed because of similar abdominal symptoms in children who may be receiving radiation and chemotherapy, or with prolonged ileus. Two children operated on for Wilms tumor demonstrate the need for awareness of this potential problem in the postoperative patient.
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39
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Mandell J, Cromie WJ, Caldamone AA, Eichelberger MR, Betts JM. Sports-related genitourinary injuries in children. Clin Sports Med 1982; 1:483-93. [PMID: 7187319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Abstract
The acute scrotum in the pediatric patient frequently presents a diagnostic dilemma for even the most experienced clinician. In an effort to improve testicular salvage in equivocal cases, immediate surgical intervention has been recommended, despite a large number of unnecessary explorations. Evaluating the sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m radioisotopic scan in 46 boys, we found this study to be a rapid, reliable, sensitive, and noninvasive test that allows the selection of those patients who require immediate surgical intervention.
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41
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Cos LR, Caldamone AA, Frank IN. Prognosis of genito-urinary malignancies. AUAA J 1982; 3:4-8. [PMID: 6226266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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42
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Abstract
Outpatient surgery in children has been recommended as a means to help contain the increasing cost of health care. In addition, the shorter the child's hospitalization the less psychologic trauma. This study examines the feasibility of performing outpatient orchiopexy based on preoperative evaluation, surgical success rate and cost-effectiveness. The records of 459 inpatient and 77 outpatient orchiopexies were reviewed with regard to patient age, medical history (including previous inguinal surgery), preoperative palpability and intraoperative location, anesthetic technique, complications, duration of hospitalization and hospital costs. The results indicate that at least 68 per cent of orchiopexies can be performed as outpatient procedures. Overnight hospital stay from the ambulatory surgery unit was necessary in 5 per cent. Followup revealed that, despite same day ambulation and lack of postoperative restrictions, surgical success was in no way compromised by an outpatient procedure. Cost analysis shows that an average savings of 50 per cent per hospitalization can result from outpatient orchiopexy.
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44
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45
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46
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Valvo JR, Caldamone AA, Frank IN. Asymptomatic urologic lesions in patients receiving anticoagulants. N Y State J Med 1981; 81:905-7. [PMID: 6940007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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47
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Caldamone AA, Cockett AT. Recent advances in male infertility research. Urol Clin North Am 1981; 8:63-77. [PMID: 7010747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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Caldamone AA, Valvo JR, Cockett AT. Evaluation of the infertile or subfertile male. Urol Clin North Am 1981; 8:17-39. [PMID: 7010745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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49
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Caldamone AA, Emilson LB, Al-Juburi A, Cockett AT. Prostatitis: prostatic secretory dysfunction affecting fertility. Fertil Steril 1980; 34:602-3. [PMID: 7450080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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50
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Altebarmakian VK, Rabinowitz R, Linke CA, Caldamone AA, Cockett AT. Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension in children: the roile of renal autotransplantation. J Urol 1980; 124:877-81. [PMID: 7003174 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe 2 children with renovascular hypertension treated successfully by autotransplantation, as well as an additional child in whom ex vivo microsurgical repair was attempted. The literature is reviewed and all patients within the pediatric age group with renovascular hypertension who were treated surgically are reported. The different types of vascular reconstructive techniques and, particularly, the previous use of autotransplantation are discussed.
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