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Tuvia G, Burshtein A, Silber I, Aharony A, Entin-Wohlman O, Goldstein M, Dagan Y. Enhanced Nonlinear Response by Manipulating the Dirac Point at the (111) LaTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} Interface. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:146301. [PMID: 38640380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.146301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Tunable spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is an important feature for future spin-based devices. In the presence of a magnetic field, SOI induces an asymmetry in the energy bands, which can produce nonlinear transport effects (V∼I^{2}). Here, we focus on such effects to study the role of SOI in the (111) LaTiO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface. This system is a convenient platform for understanding the role of SOI since it exhibits a single-band Hall response through the entire gate-voltage range studied. We report a pronounced rise in the nonlinear longitudinal resistance at a critical in-plane field H_{cr}. This rise disappears when a small out-of-plane field component is present. We explain these results by considering the location of the Dirac point formed at the crossing of the spin-split energy bands. An in-plane magnetic field pushes this point outside of the Fermi contour, and consequently changes the symmetry of the Fermi contours and intensifies the nonlinear transport. An out-of-plane magnetic field opens a gap at the Dirac point, thereby significantly diminishing the nonlinear effects. We propose that magnetoresistance effects previously reported in interfaces with SOI could be comprehended within our suggested scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tuvia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - A Burshtein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - I Silber
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - A Aharony
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - O Entin-Wohlman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - M Goldstein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Y Dagan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Shekhter RI, Entin-Wohlman O, Jonson M, Aharony A. Magnetoconductance Anisotropies and Aharonov-Casher Phases. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:037704. [PMID: 35905342 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.037704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is a key tool for manipulating and functionalizing spin-dependent electron transport. The desired function often depends on the SOI-generated phase that is accumulated by the wave function of an electron as it passes through the device. This phase, known as the Aharonov-Casher phase, therefore depends on both the device geometry and the SOI strength. Here, we propose a method for directly measuring the Aharonov-Casher phase generated in an SOI-active weak link, based on the Aharonov-Casher-phase dependent anisotropy of its magnetoconductance. Specifically, we consider weak links in which the Rashba interaction is caused by an external electric field, but our method is expected to apply also for other forms of the spin-orbit coupling. Measuring this magnetoconductance anisotropy thus allows calibrating Rashba spintronic devices by an external electric field that tunes the spin-orbit interaction and hence the Aharonov-Casher phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Shekhter
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - O Entin-Wohlman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M Jonson
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A Aharony
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Ueda A, Utsumi Y, Tokura Y, Entin-Wohlman O, Aharony A. AC transport and full-counting statistics of molecular junctions in the weak electron-vibration coupling regime. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ueda
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Division of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Y. Utsumi
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Y. Tokura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Division of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - O. Entin-Wohlman
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Aharony
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Shekhter RI, Entin-Wohlman O, Jonson M, Aharony A. Rashba Splitting of Cooper Pairs. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:217001. [PMID: 27284669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the properties of a weak link between two superconducting leads, which has the form of a nonsuperconducting nanowire with a strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling caused by an electric field. In the Coulomb-blockade regime of single-electron tunneling, we find that such a weak link acts as a "spin splitter" of the spin states of Cooper pairs tunneling through the link, to an extent that depends on the direction of the electric field. We show that the Josephson current is sensitive to interference between the resulting two transmission channels, one where the spins of both members of a Cooper pair are preserved and one where they are both flipped. As a result, the current is a periodic function of the strength of the spin-orbit interaction and of the bending angle of the nanowire (when mechanically bent); an identical effect appears due to strain-induced spin-orbit coupling. In contrast, no spin-orbit induced interference effect can influence the current through a single weak link connecting two normal metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Shekhter
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - O Entin-Wohlman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - M Jonson
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A Aharony
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Shekhter RI, Entin-Wohlman O, Aharony A. Suspended nanowires as mechanically controlled Rashba spin splitters. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:176602. [PMID: 24206510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Suspended nanowires are shown to provide mechanically controlled coherent mixing or splitting of the spin states of transmitted electrons, caused by the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The sensitivity of the latter to mechanical bending makes the wire a tunable nanoelectromechanical weak link between reservoirs. When the reservoirs are populated with misbalanced "spin-up and spin-down" electrons, the wire becomes a source of split spin currents, which are not associated with electric charge transfer and which do not depend on temperature or driving voltages. The mechanical vibrations of the bended wires allow for additional tunability of these splitters by applying a magnetic field and varying the temperature. Clean metallic carbon nanotubes of a few microns length are good candidates for generating spin conductance of the same order as the charge conductance (divided by e(2)) which would have been induced by electric driving voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Shekhter
- Department of Physics, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Bary-Soroker H, Entin-Wohlman O, Imry Y, Aharony A. Scale-dependent competing interactions: sign reversal of the average persistent current. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:056801. [PMID: 23414039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction-induced orbital magnetic response of a nanoscale system, modeled by the persistent current in a ring geometry, is evaluated for a system which is a superconductor in the bulk. The interplay of the renormalized Coulomb and Fröhlich interactions is crucial. The diamagnetic response of the large superconductor may become paramagnetic when the finite-size-determined Thouless energy is larger than or on the order of the Debye energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bary-Soroker
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Aharony A, Entin-Wohlman O, Oreg Y, van Delft J. Comment on "Theoretical analysis of the transmission phase shift of a quantum dot in the presence of Kondo correlations". Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:189705; author reply 189706. [PMID: 16712412 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.189705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Aharony
- Department of Physics Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Lawes G, Harris AB, Kimura T, Rogado N, Cava RJ, Aharony A, Entin-Wohlman O, Yildirim T, Kenzelmann M, Broholm C, Ramirez AP. Magnetically driven ferroelectric order in Ni3V2O8. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:087205. [PMID: 16196898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.087205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that long-range ferroelectric and incommensurate magnetic order appear simultaneously in a single phase transition in Ni3V2O8. The temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the spontaneous polarization show a strong coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric orders. We determine the magnetic symmetry using Landau theory for continuous phase transitions, which shows that the spin structure alone can break spatial inversion symmetry leading to ferroelectric order. This phenomenological theory explains our experimental observation that the spontaneous polarization is restricted to lie along the crystal b axis and predicts that the magnitude should be proportional to a magnetic order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lawes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Entin-Wohlman O, Aharony A, Galperin YM, Kozub VI, Vinokur V. Orbital ac spin-Hall effect in the hopping regime. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:086603. [PMID: 16196883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.086603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions are both shown to yield the low temperature spin-Hall effect for strongly localized electrons coupled to phonons. A frequency-dependent electric field E(omega) generates a spin-polarization current, normal to E, due to interference of hopping paths. At zero temperature the corresponding spin-Hall conductivity is real and is proportional to omega2. At nonzero temperatures the coupling to the phonons yields an imaginary term proportional to omega. The interference also yields persistent spin currents at thermal equilibrium, at E=0. The contributions from the Dresselhaus and Rashba interactions to the interference oppose each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Entin-Wohlman
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Lawes G, Kenzelmann M, Rogado N, Kim KH, Jorge GA, Cava RJ, Aharony A, Entin-Wohlman O, Harris AB, Yildirim T, Huang QZ, Park S, Broholm C, Ramirez AP. Competing magnetic phases on a kagomé staircase. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:247201. [PMID: 15697855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.247201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present thermodynamic and neutron data on Ni3V2O8, a spin-1 system on a kagomé staircase. The extreme degeneracy of the kagomé antiferromagnet is lifted to produce two incommensurate phases at finite T--one amplitude modulated, the other helical--plus a commensurate canted antiferromagnet for T-->0. The H-T phase diagram is described by a model of competing first and second neighbor interactions with smaller anisotropic terms. Ni3V2O8 thus provides an elegant example of order from subleading interactions in a highly frustrated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lawes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
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Entin-Wohlman O, Imry Y, Aharony A. Persistent currents in interacting Aharonov-Bohm interferometers and their enhancement by acoustic radiation. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:046802. [PMID: 12906684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.046802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We consider an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer, connected to two electronic reservoirs, with a quantum dot embedded on one of its arms. We find a general expression for the persistent current at steady state, valid for the case where the electronic system is free of interactions except on the dot. The result is used to derive the modification in the persistent current brought about by coupling the quantum dot to a phonon source. The magnitude of the persistent current is found to be enhanced in an appropriate range of the intensity of the acoustic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Entin-Wohlman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Jerby E, Kesar A, Aharony A, Breitmeier G. Ferrite-guided cyclotron-resonance maser. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:066502. [PMID: 12188841 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.066502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2001] [Revised: 02/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a cyclotron-resonance maser (CRM) with a ferrite loading incorporated in its waveguide is proposed. The CRM interaction occurs between the rotating electron beam and the em wave propagating along a longitudinally magnetized ferrite medium. The ferrite anisotropic permeability resembles the CRM susceptibility in many aspects, and particularly in their similar response to the axial magnetic field (the ferrite susceptibility can be regarded as a passive analog of the active CRM interaction). The ferrite loading slows down the phase velocity of the em wave and thus the axial (Weibel) mechanism of the CRM interaction dominates. The ferrite loading enables also a mechanism of spectral tunability for CRM's. The ferrite loading is proposed, therefore, as a useful ingredient for high-power CRM devices. A linear model of the combined ferrite-guided CRM interaction reveals its useful features. Future schemes may also incorporate ferrite sections functioning as isolators, gyrators, or phase shifters within the CRM device itself for selective suppression of backward waves and spurious oscillations, and for gain and efficiency enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Jerby
- Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Entin-Wohlman O, Aharony A, Imry Y, Levinson Y, Schiller A. Broken unitarity and phase measurements in Aharonov-Bohm interferometers. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:166801. [PMID: 11955245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aharonov-Bohm mesoscopic solid-state interferometers yield a conductance which contains a term cos(phi+beta), where phi relates to the magnetic flux. Experiments with a quantum dot on one of the interfering paths aim to relate beta to the dot's intrinsic Friedel transmission phase alpha(1). For closed systems, which conserve the electron current (unitarity), the Onsager relation requires that beta = 0 or pi. For open systems, we show that in general beta depends on the details of the broken unitarity. Although it gives information on the resonances of the dot, beta is generally not equal to alpha(1). A direct relation between beta and alpha(1) requires specific ways of opening the system, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Entin-Wohlman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Kol B, Aharony A. Diffusion-limited aggregation as a Markovian process: site-sticking conditions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:046117. [PMID: 11308922 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.046117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical lattice diffusion-limited aggregation, with a narrow width N, is solved for site-sticking conditions using a Markovian matrix method (which was previously developed for the bond-sticking case). This matrix contains the probabilities that the front moves from one configuration to another at each growth step, calculated exactly by solving the Laplace equation and using the proper normalization. The method is applied for a series of approximations, which include only a finite number of rows near the front. The fractal dimensionality of the aggregate is extrapolated to a value near 1.68.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kol
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Aharony A, Drori R, Jerby E. Cyclotron resonance maser experiments in a bifilar helical waveguide. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:7282-7286. [PMID: 11102087 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oscillator and amplifier cyclotron-resonance-maser (CRM) experiments in a spiral bifilar waveguide are presented in this paper. The slow-wave CRM device employs a low-energy low-current electron beam (2-12 keV, approximately 0.5 A). The pitch angle of the helical waveguide is relatively small; hence, the phase velocity in this waveguide, V(ph) congruent with0.8c (where c is the speed of light), is much faster than the axial velocity of the electrons, V(ez)</=0. 2c. Thus traveling-wave-tube-type interactions are eliminated in this device. According to the CRM theory, the dominant effect in this operating regime, V(ez)<V(ph)<c, is the axial (Weibel) bunching mechanism rather than the opposed azimuthal bunching mechanism. In an oscillator mode, the CRM output frequency is tuned continuously in the range 2.5-8.4 GHz by varying the axial magnetic field. A fine-tuning is possible by the electron accelerating voltage. In the amplifier mode, this CRM experiment demonstrates an amplification up to 16 dB at 5 GHz. The immediate gain bandwidth is wider than 0.1 GHz (>2%). The wide tunable range of this CRM device due to the nondispersive bifilar helix is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aharony
- Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Kol B, Aharony A. Diffusion-limited aggregation as a markovian process: bond-sticking conditions. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:2531-2546. [PMID: 11088734 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical lattice diffusion limited aggregation (DLA), with a narrow width N, is solved using a Markovian matrix method. This matrix contains the probabilities that the front moves from one configuration to another at each growth step, calculated exactly by solving the Laplace equation and using the proper normalization. The method is applied for a series of approximations, which include only a finite number of rows near the front. The matrix is then used to find the weights of the steady-state growing configurations and the rate of approaching this steady-state stage. The former are then used to find the average upward growth probability, the average steady-state density and the fractal dimensionality of the aggregate, which is extrapolated to a value near 1.64.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kol
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Leyvraz F, Adler J, Aharony A, Bunde A, Coniglio A, Hong DC, Stanley HE, Stauffer D. The random normal superconductor mixture in one dimension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/19/17/030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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