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Arecco A, Ottaviani S, Boschetti M, Renzetti P, Marinelli L. Reply to letter to editor "Knowledge gaps in diabetic striatopathy and other movement disorders in diabetes". J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1309-1310. [PMID: 37898590 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Arecco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Ottaviani
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Boschetti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - P Renzetti
- Division of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Marinelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Corica G, Pirchio R, Milioto A, Nista F, Arecco A, Mattioli L, Auriemma RS, Cocchiara F, Pivonello R, Colao A, Ferone D, Gatto F. Pasireotide effects on biochemical control and glycometabolic profile in acromegaly patients switched from combination therapies or unconventional dosages of somatostatin analogs. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:683-697. [PMID: 37695461 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of pasireotide (PAS) therapy on hormonal and glycometabolic outcome in patients with acromegaly previously treated with combination medical therapies or unconventional dosages of first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs). METHODS Retrospective study carried out in two referral centers for pituitary diseases. Twenty-one acromegalic patients were switched to PAS (12 had biochemical control, 9 were uncontrolled). Data were collected after 3- and 6-months PAS treatment, and at the last available visit (median 35 months). RESULTS After switching to PAS therapy, a significant reduction in IGF-1 values was observed [median 39%; 0.79 xULN (IQR 0.5-1.01) vs 1.29 xULN (IQR 1.06-1.83); p = 0.009]. IGF-1 reduction was statistically significant in the 9 patients previously uncontrolled (61%, p = 0.016), and in the 12 controlled subjects (33%, p = 0.037). At last follow-up, the number of patients reaching an acceptable biochemical control (IGF-1 < 1.3 xULN) raised from 57 to 90% (p = 0.032). Mean HbA1c levels increased from 5.7% (5.5-5.9) to 6.0% (5.9-7) (p = 0.002), and the percentage of diabetic patients raised from 14% (3/21) to 67% (14/21) (p = 0.004). At the last evaluation HbA1c was ≥ 7.0% in 5 patients (24%). Antidiabetic drugs were initiated in 9 new patients, and in 7 out of 9 metformin alone was effective. Younger age and male sex were predictors for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSION PAS monotherapy can be effective in acromegalic patients previously treated with combination medical therapies or unconventional dosages of fg-SRLs. Glucose imbalance can be managed in the vast majority of cases by use of lifestyle interventions and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corica
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Pirchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Milioto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Nista
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Arecco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Mattioli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - R S Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - F Cocchiara
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - D Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Arecco A, Ottaviani S, Boschetti M, Renzetti P, Marinelli L. Diabetic striatopathy: an updated overview of current knowledge and future perspectives. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1-15. [PMID: 37578646 PMCID: PMC10776723 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by hyperglycemia associated with chorea/ballism and characteristic reversible basal ganglia abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We propose a narrative review of the literature on this topic, currently unknown to most, and about which physicians should be aware. We intend to summarize, critically review, and take to mean the evidence on this disorder, describing its typical features. METHODS We searched Pubmed for English-language sources using the following keywords in the title and the abstract: diabetic striatopathy, hyperglycemic non-ketotic hemichorea/hemiballism, chorea/hemichorea associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia, diabetic hemiballism/hemichorea, chorea, hyperglycemia, and basal ganglia syndrome. We collected scientific articles, including case reports, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses from the years 1975 to 2023. We eliminated duplicate, non-English language or non-related articles. RESULTS Older Asian women are more frequently affected. Suddenly or insidiously hemichorea/hemiballism, mainly in the limbs, and high blood glucose with elevated HbA1c in the absence of ketone bodies have been observed. Furthermore, CT striatal hyperdensity and T1-weighted MRI hyperintensity have been observed. DS is often a treatable disease following proper hydration and insulin administration. Histopathological findings are variable, and no comprehensive hypothesis explains the atypical cases reported. CONCLUSION DS is a rare neurological manifestation of DM. If adequately treated, although treatment guidelines are lacking, the prognosis is good and life-threatening complications may occur occasionally. During chorea/hemiballism, we recommend blood glucose and HbA1c evaluation. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arecco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Ottaviani
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Boschetti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - P Renzetti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Marinelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
This paper describes a biological test of the hypothesis that one or more components of the intracellular nucleotide pool represent a significant target for the mutagenic effects of alkylating agents. In other words, we ask whether mutagenesis can occur either through alkylation of susceptible nucleotide residues in DNA, or through alkylation of a free nucleotide, followed by its incorporation into DNA. Our approach is based upon the premise that if a nucleotide pool is a mutagenic target, then transient expansion of that pool should increase the target size and enhance mutagenesis following subsequent treatment with an alkylating agent. Working either with V79 hamster lung fibroblasts or Chinese hamster embryo fibroblasts (CHEF/18), we treated cells for 30 min, under conditions that expanded one or more pools of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. This was followed immediately by a 30-min treatment with 0.5 mM N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. After 8 days of additional culture for recovery of cells and expression of mutations, we plated in selective media to determine the abundance of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in each culture. We found that conditions which expand pools of either dATP or dTTP and dGTP stimulate mutagenesis by MNU, with the degree of stimulation varying in different experiments from 2- to 6-fold. Although alternate interpretations can be entertained, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that nucleotide pools represent alkylation targets. A biochemical test of the hypothesis is warranted. During our studies we made several other noteworthy observations: (1) treatment of V79 cells with mutagen alone does not significantly affect dNTP pools; (2) deoxynucleotide pool perturbations are quite short-lived following transfer of cells to normal medium; (3) deoxyuridine is significantly more effective than thymidine in expanding dTTP pools; (4) deoxyuridine by itself is significantly mutagenic, particularly to CHEF/18 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arecco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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