1
|
The computer-assisted interview In My Shoes – a successful method to capture children’s perspectives. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Child mental health problems are considered the second highest cause of burden of disease in Europe and the Americas. Children’s own opinions and experiences are pivotal in addressing these problems. However, including young children as active informants in health research and practice not only requires a well-trained and highly qualified workforce, but also valid methods that enhance and support children’s self-expression. The aim was to investigate preschool aged children’s experiences in two health and welfare contexts using the interactive computer-assisted interview In My Shoes (IMS).
Methods
Interviews were conducted using IMS in three studies encompassing 43 children aged 3-6 years old. The setting for the first and second study was Child Health Centres and the third setting was families entering the Triple P group parenting programme. Qualitative content analysis was performed.
Results
The IMS interview aided preschool aged children to report on the factual, emotional and physical aspects of their experiences within a health care context. In addition, IMS helped young children verbalise unique information on negative interplay within their families, especially experiences of negative parenting including verbal and physical child abuse. The successes with IMS are likely related to the structured and systematic approach, that it is pictorial-based and emotion-focused, as well as the interactive, collaborative and triadic conversation between the child, the interviewer and the computer.
Conclusions
The interactive computer-assisted interview IMS, is a suitable and valid method for aiding young children to provide unique and extensive information about different aspects of their experiences and lives. We urge professionals and researchers to systematically include the young children’s own perspectives to better tailor and evaluate interventions on all levels to improve children’s health and wellbeing.
Key messages
• Young children’s own perspectives on their health and wellbeing are pivotal to better tailor and evaluate interventions.
• The interactive computer-assisted interview In My Shoes is a suitable and valid method to capture children’s voices.
Collapse
|
2
|
Impact of T Cell Repertoire Diversity on Mortality Following Cord Blood Transplantation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583349. [PMID: 33163411 PMCID: PMC7582952 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cord blood transplantation (CBT) recipients are at increased risk of mortality due to delayed immune recovery (IR). Prior studies in CBT patients have shown that recovery of absolute lymphocyte count is predictive of survival after transplant. However, there are no data on the association of T-cell receptor (TCR) and clinical outcomes after CBT. Here we retrospectively performed TCR beta chain sequencing on peripheral blood (PB) samples of 34 CBT patients. Methods All patients received a total body irradiation based conditioning regimen and cyclosporine and MMF were used for graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. PB was collected pretransplant on days 28, 56, 80, 180, and 1-year posttransplant for retrospective analysis of IR utilizing high-throughput sequencing of TCRβ rearrangements from genomic DNA extracted from PB mononuclear cells. To test the association between TCR repertoire diversity and patient outcomes, we conducted a permutation test on median TCR repertoire diversity for patients who died within the first year posttransplant versus those who survived. Results Median age was 27 (range 1–58 years) and most of the patients (n = 27) had acute leukemias. There were 15 deaths occurring between 34 to 335 days after transplant. Seven deaths were due to relapse. Rapid turnover of T cell clones was observed at each time point, with TCR repertoires stabilizing by 1-year posttransplant. TCR diversity values at day 100 for patients who died between 100 and 365 days posttransplant were significantly lower than those of the surviving patients (p = 0.01). Conclusions Using a fast high-throughput TCR sequencing assay we have demonstrated that high TCR diversity is associated with better patient outcomes following CBT. Importantly, this assay is easily performed on posttransplant PB samples, even as early as day 28 posttransplant, making it an excellent candidate for early identification of patients at high risk of death.
Collapse
|
3
|
Assessment tools for screening the mental health of refugee minors: from preschool to adolescence. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The high number of asylum seekers in Sweden highlighted the need to develop and evaluate structured assessment tools for children and adolescents. In a series of studies, we aimed to explore the utility of (i) the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire with a trauma supplement of six items (SDQ-T) for preschool children; (ii) the Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES-8) with unaccompanied refugee adolescents; and (iii) the Refugee Health Screener (RHS-13) with refugee adolescents. Parents of two- to six-year-olds (N = 61) were asked to complete the SDQ-T, and refugee adolescents were asked to complete the CRIES-8 (N = 208) and, in a separate study, the RHS-13 (N = 29) during the routine health checks. Focus-group interviews were conducted with the nurses who used the SDQ-T. The nurses felt the SDQ-T contributed to a more structured and informative conversation about the child's mental health. The SDQ total difficulties showed good internal consistency (α=.82). A significant proportion of children scored above the clinical cut-off and SDQ scores correlated with the number of post-traumatic stress symptoms measured using the trauma supplement (rho=.29). The findings suggest the SDQ-T is a useful tool in this clinical setting. The CRIES-8 was feasible to use, showed good internal consistency and its factor structure was confirmed. However, an independent assessment of test-retest reliability (N = 48) and longitudinal invariance (N = 284) indicated potential instability. It could be the CRIES-8 does not perform well when used with the unaccompanied refugee adolescent population over time, or that PTSD symptoms are less stable within this group given the multiple stressors in everyday life related to acculturation stress, family separation and living arrangements. The RHS showed excellent internal consistency (α=.96) and correlated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (r=.41).
Collapse
|
4
|
Using a simple direct-to-consumer marketing strategy to increase participation in parenting programs. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Low participation in evidence-based parenting programs not only presents a major challenge for population trials where a minimum level of intervention exposure is necessary to detect population-level impact, but also undermines the incorporation of these programs into routine practice settings. As part of a large population trial, we aimed to increase participation in a series of parenting seminars by using a simple direct-to-consumer marketing strategy, i.e., redesigning the program flyer.
We captured parents' attention by affirming that “parenting is not always easy”, highlighted the potential benefits of participation, clarified what participation entailed, and addressed some of the common barriers such as the stigma associated with participation in parenting programs. Because fathers and mothers were shown to have different needs, we tailored the flyers to mothers and fathers separately.
Testing the flyers on a small sample of parents showed that both mothers and fathers perceived the flyers as relevant. As expected, mothers were more likely to express interest in the program when they saw the flyer which focused on benefits related to dealing with child behavioural problems and featured a mother-child dyad, while fathers preferred the flyer which highlighted the benefits related to dealing with emotional problems, and featured a father-child dyad.
Next, following the same procedure that was used to deliver the original flyers over the first 18 months of the project, we used the new flyers to inform parents about the upcoming seminars over the next 24 months. The preliminary results showed that although the average number of parents participating in each seminar had initially decreased from about seven to four, after the introduction of the new flyers, the number increased consistently and reached an average of nine parents during the last 6-month period.
The results shows that program uptake can be increased using simple direct-to-consumer marketing strategies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as an assessment tool for measuring emotional and behavioural problems in young children. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Evaluation of new initiatives to tackle mental health problems in children requires instruments that are both valid and reliable. One such instrument is the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), an assessment tool for child emotional and behavioural problems. The instrument was developed by Goodman in the 1990's and is being used worldwide in both clinical settings and research projects.
However, previous studies on the SDQ have mainly focused on school-aged children and adolescents. We know very little about the usefulness of the SDQ for measuring preschool children's mental health problems. Using data from a large number of parents and preschool teachers of children aged 3-5 (> 11 000 questionnaires), we tested the psychometric properties of the SDQ, examined the inter-rater agreement and provided cut-off points.
The original five-factor model of the SDQ was supported and it was shown to be a reliable instrument in the hands of mothers, fathers and preschool teachers. We also found significant, albeit poor, agreement (ICC) between parent and teacher ratings and good agreement between parents' ratings. Teachers reported lower levels of problems compared to parents. Compared to girls, boys were generally reported to have more problems. Thus, we provided separate cut-offs for each age group, gender and rater category.
The results suggest that SDQ can reliably be used for measuring emotional and behavioural problems in young children in community settings. They also suggest that parent and teacher reports are complementary; hence, reports from both types of informants should be considered when using the SDQ as a method to identify mental health problems within the child health services. However, inter-rater agreement between mothers and fathers was good, meaning that it may be sufficient to obtain data from a single parent informant.
Collapse
|
6
|
Validity of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in non-clinical samples of parents and teachers. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Cord blood transplantation: rewind to fast forward. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:799-802. [PMID: 27991893 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of cord blood as a source of stem cells for transplantation has decreased in recent years. Although cord blood transplantation (CBT) is an established practice for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with hematological malignancies, the high acquisition cost of CB units along with high transplant-related mortality due to delayed hematopoietic recovery and immune reconstitution have contributed to the slowing in widespread adoption of CBT. Strategies aimed to enhance speed of engraftment and ongoing clinical trials are investigating ways to make CBT more widely available. Meanwhile, the recent clinical data suggest that the choice of CBT might be preferable for patients with pre-transplant minimal residual disease. We review here the background data on the utilization of CB for the treatment of hematological malignancies, and discuss the current challenges and future directions in the field of CBT.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
137Cs in fungal sporocarps in relation to vegetation in a bog, pine swamp and forest along a transect. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:713-720. [PMID: 23102726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we estimated the relative importance of vegetation and fungi for radiocesium uptake and biological retention in adjacent bog, pine swamp, and forest. The measurements for (137)Cs activity concentration in sporocarps (i.e. fruitbodies of fungi) and vegetation along a bog to forest transect were combined with complementary published data to calculate estimates. Aboveground vegetation comprised 17.7% of the total fallout-derived radiocesium in the system in bog, 16.5% in pine swamp, and 40.6% in forest. In fungal sporocarps grown along a gradient, (137)Cs activity comprised <0.001% of the total radiocesium for peat bog, <0.02% for pine swamp, and 0.11% for forest. Total (137)Cs activity in sporocarps increased along the gradient due to increased production of sporocarps in the presence of trees from 0.006 (bog), 0.097 (pine swamp) and 0.67 (forest) g dwt m(-2). Based on calculation of the total vegetation biomass and through relationships between fungal biomass in sporocarps and as mycelia in soil, the total (137)Cs activity located in fungi was estimated as 0.1% in bog, 2% in pine swamp, and 11% in forest. An analysis of the time-dependency of (137)Cs in the sporocarps in forest between 1990 and 2011 suggested an ecological half-life for (137)Cs between 8 and 13 years. Although fungi comprised a relatively small fraction of the total radiocesium in the systems, its activity decreased slowly with time, and ecological residence time for (137)Cs in sporocarps of fungi was long, suggesting they will continue to contribute to the accumulation and cycling of this radionuclide in forest.
Collapse
|
10
|
Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic. Ecosphere 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
11
|
Patterns of fungal communities among and within decaying logs, revealed by 454 sequencing. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4514-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Correlations between potassium, rubidium and cesium ((133)Cs and (137)Cs) in sporocarps of Suillus variegatus in a Swedish boreal forest. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2011; 102:386-392. [PMID: 21388727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus variegatus assessed whether cesium ((133)Cs and (137)Cs) uptake was correlated with potassium (K) or rubidium (Rb) uptake. The question was whether intraspecific correlations of Rb, K and (133)Cs mass concentrations with (137)Cs activity concentrations in sporocarps were higher within, rather than among, different fungal species, and if genotypic origin of sporocarps within a population affected uptake and correlation. Sporocarps (n = 51) from a Swedish forest population affected by the fallout after the Chernobyl accident were studied. The concentrations were 31.9 ± 6.79 g kg(-1) for K (mean ± SD, dwt), 0.40 ± 0.09 g kg(-1) for Rb, 8.7 ± 4.36 mg kg(-1) for (133)Cs and 63.7 ± 24.2 kBq kg(-1) for (137)Cs. The mass concentrations of (133)Cs correlated with (137)Cs activity concentrations (r = 0.61). There was correlation between both (133)Cs concentrations (r = 0.75) and (137)Cs activity concentrations (r = 0.44) and Rb, but the (137)Cs/(133)Cs isotopic ratio negatively correlated with Rb concentration. Concentrations of K and Rb were weakly correlated (r = 0.51). The (133)Cs mass concentrations, (137)Cs activity concentrations and (137)Cs/(133)Cs isotopic ratios did not correlate with K concentrations. No differences between, within or, among genotypes in S. variegatus were found. This suggested the relationships between K, Rb, (133)Cs and (137)Cs in sporocarps of S. variegatus is similar to other fungal species.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the respondent burden and patient-perceived content validity of the Parkinson's disease (PD)-specific health status questionnaire PDQ-39, and the linguistic validity of its revised Swedish version. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen PD patients completed the revised Swedish version of the PDQ-39. Respondent burden was assessed by recording the time taken to complete the questionnaire. Content and linguistic validity was evaluated qualitatively. RESULTS Patients with mild, moderate and advanced PD needed a mean time of 9.5, 11.3 and 20.1 min, respectively, to complete the PDQ-39. One-third of the patients identified irrelevant items and 50% identified important health-related areas that were missing. Revisions had eliminated previous linguistic problems with the Swedish PDQ-39. CONCLUSIONS Undue respondent burden challenged the appropriateness of the PDQ-39 among patients with more advanced disease. Overall content validity was acceptable but compromised by lack of important content areas. Observations supported the linguistic validity of the revised Swedish PDQ-39.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective register-based epidemiological study. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence rate of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) with special reference to ASIA Impairment Grade A-D. SETTING Helsinki, Finland. METHODS Cases were identified using the registers of the Kapyla Rehabilitation Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital and the local organization for the disabled. Local health centres were informed about the study, residential service houses were contacted, and announcements were published in patient magazines. RESULTS A regional population was found to have a prevalence rate of 28/100,000 inhabitants with SCI (ASIA Impairment Scale A-D). CONCLUSION The prevalence rate in this study is consistent with the data published in other Nordic countries. SPONSORSHIP The Finnish Cultural Foundation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical descriptive prevalence study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the methods of self-reported bladder management, the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) and subjective disturbance of bladder problems of all those individuals with traumatic spinal cord lesion (SCL) living in Helsinki area. SETTING : Helsinki, Finland. METHODS A total of 152 persons with SCL were found in the Helsinki area (546 000 inhabitants). A structured questionnaire was sent to all subjects and they were invited to a clinical visit. RESULTS The final study-group consisted of 129 (85%) subjects. They were defined into seven specific subgroups of bladder management: 14 (11%) subjects in the normal voiding group, 15 (12%) in the controlled voiding group, 16 (12%) in the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) group, 30 (23%) in the mixed group, 31 (24%) in the suprapubic tapping group, 16 (12%) in the compression or straining group and seven (5%) in the catheter or conduit group. The frequency of UTI was highest in the mixed group. The bladder management was a biggest bother to the subjects in the compression or straining group. CONCLUSIONS This prevalence study assesses the self-reported bladder management methods in all the persons with traumatic SCL in the Helsinki area. The subjects who used CIC and other methods for bladder management had more problems than others. These subjects might manage better by using either CIC or suprapubic tapping as the only method for bladder emptying.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Individual interview and questionnaire of a regional spinal cord-injured (SCI) population. OBJECTIVE Local health care centres are mainly responsible for the SCI patients health care and rehabilitation after initial hospitalization in Finland. The purpose of the present study was to study aspects of the SCI patients life situation and their opinion of the health care services after 1 year since the injury. SETTING Regional study in Central Finland. METHODS Subjects were individually interviewed in their homes using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS The female/male ratio was 1:4. The mean age at the time of injury was 34 years in female and 40 in male. Traffic accidents accounted for 46% of the injuries. In all, 48 subjects (63%) used electrical or manual wheelchair or both. Most subjects regarded their living conditions as good having enough personal assistance in their everyday life. Only 10% of the subjects were employed. Half of the subjects had had out-patient physiotherapy, but no other therapies after 1 year since the injury. More than half of the subjects were dissatisfied with the current health care services. Many had experienced complications after the initial hospitalization, especially urinary tract infections, decubitus ulcers and neurogenic-type pain. FIM classified well according to the disability groups. The motor complete tetraplegic group had the lowest mean scores (63) and the recovered group the highest ones (122). There was no association between the FIM and the BDI results. There was a correlation between the BDI and the subject's age at the time of the injury and the year of the injury. The older the subjects were when injured, the higher were the BDI scores, that is, they had more depressive symptoms. Those injured in the 1990s had the highest BDI scores. Nearly one-third of the subjects had mild, moderate or severe depression. CONCLUSIONS The reported medical complications, depression and dissatisfaction with the health care services support a life-long care for SCI patients in Jyväskylä Central hospital, not in the local health care centres. The psychological services, for example, prevention and treatment of depression, in particular, require more attention.
Collapse
|
17
|
Parental tracking in the postfire wood decay ascomycete Daldinia loculata using highly variable nuclear gene loci. Mol Ecol 2003; 12:1717-30. [PMID: 12803626 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the male and female gametes involved in fertilization events within a local population of the postfire wood decay ascomycete Daldinia loculata was investigated by genotyping the mycelia growing in the wood and the sexual ascospores, using three highly variable nuclear gene loci. The study was conducted in a geographically isolated burned forest site in southern Sweden. An intensive sampling was performed by collecting stromata containing ascospores and wood samples containing mycelia. In total, from 32 mapped burned birches, cultures of 22 haploid genets from decayed wood and six ascospores from each of 19 stromata were isolated and analysed. In 80% of the investigated burned branches, only one genet was found. From the analysis of the ascospore genotypes, we detected 30 fertilization events and 60% of them were the result of mating between conidia (clonal propagules) acting as male gametes and the genets in the branches representing the female gametes. The male parents producing the conidia were detected within the same local population as the female parents in 27% of the fertilization events and originated either from the same branch or from different trees located at 0.5-36 m away from the female parents. In 33% of the fertilization events, conidia originated from three male parents that were not found within the local population sampled. These parents could be anywhere inside or outside the sampled area. For the remaining fertilization events, we could not rule out the ascospores or the conidia as fertilizing propagules. No strong evidence for fertilization by recombinant propagules (ascospores) was detected in this study. The pyrophilous insect species associated with conidia of D. loculata are suggested to be essential vectors for the realization of the sexual cycle of this fungal species. By feeding on the conidia and flying between nearby trees inhabiting wood decay mycelia, these insects allow the transfer of conidia and therefore the opposite mating types to meet within a localized burned forest site.
Collapse
|
18
|
[Spinal cord injury]. DUODECIM; LAAKETIETEELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 2002; 117:772-88. [PMID: 12116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
19
|
[Diagnosis and treatment of autonomic dysreflexia]. DUODECIM; LAAKETIETEELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 2002; 116:1711-4. [PMID: 12001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
20
|
In memoriam: Ariel G. Loewy (1925-2001). Thromb Res 2001; 103:75-8. [PMID: 11589169 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
The genetic population structure of the postfire ascomycete Daldinia loculata was studied to test for differentiation on a continental scale. Ninety-six samples of spore families, each comprising mycelia from six to 10 spores originating from single perithecia, were sampled from one Russian and six Fennoscandian forest sites. Allelic distribution was assayed for six nuclear gene loci by restriction enzyme analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified gene fragments. In addition, the full sequence of the gene fragment was analysed for a subset of haploid single-ascospore isolates in a multiallelic approach. A third data set was generated by using arbitrary-primed PCR with the core sequence of the phage M13 as primer. Although there was a reduction in heterozygosity in the total population from what would have been expected at random mating, the levels of genetic differentiation among the Eurasian subpopulations of D. loculata were low. All subpopulations were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and gametic equilibrium was observed between all investigated nuclear gene loci. The results obtained by the different markers were consistent; we confirmed low levels of genetic differentiation among the Eurasian subpopulations of D. loculata. The differentiation did not increase with distance; the Russian subpopulation, sampled more than 7000 km from the Fennoscandian subpopulations, was only moderately differentiated from the others (FST = 0.00-0.14). In contrast, one of the Swedish populations was the most highly differentiated from the others, with FST and GST values of 0.10-0.16. The results suggest that D. loculata consists of a long-lived background Eurasian population of latent mycelia in nonburned forests, established by sexual ascospores dispersed from scattered burned forest sites. Local differentiation is probably due to founder effects of populations in areas with low fire frequency. A tentative life cycle of D. loculata is presented.
Collapse
|
22
|
Diversity and abundance of resupinate thelephoroid fungi as ectomycorrhizal symbionts in Swedish boreal forests. Mol Ecol 2000; 9:1985-96. [PMID: 11123611 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Resupinate thelephoroid fungi (hereafter called tomentelloid fungi) have a world-wide distribution and comprise approximately 70 basidiomycete species with inconspicuous, resupinate sporocarps. It is only recently that their ability to form ectomycorrhizas (EM) has been realized, so their distribution, abundance and significance as mycobionts in forest ecosystems is still largely unexplored. In order to provide baseline data for future ecological studies of tomentelloid fungi, we explored their presence and abundance in nine Swedish boreal forests in which the EM communities had been analysed. Phylogenetic analyses were used to compare the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) sequence data obtained from mycobionts on single ectomycorrhizal tips with that obtained from sporocarps of identified tomentelloid fungi. Five species of Tomentella and one species of Pseudotomentella were identified as ectomycorrhizal fungi. The symbiotic nature of Tomentella bryophila, T. stuposa, T. badia and T. atramentaria is demonstrated for the first time. T. stuposa and Pseudotomentella tristis were the most commonly encountered tomentelloid fungi, with the other species, including T. sublilacina, only being recorded from single stands. Overall, tomentelloid fungi were found in five of the studies, colonizing between 1 and 8% of the mycorrhizal root tips. Two of the five sites supported several tomentelloid species. Tomentelloid fungi appear to be relatively common ectomycorrhizal symbionts with a wide distribution in Swedish coniferous forests. The results are in accordance with accumulating data that fungal species which lack conspicuous sporocarps may be of considerable importance in EM communities.
Collapse
|
23
|
[Sexuality and pregnancy of spinal cord damaged women]. DUODECIM; LAAKETIETEELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 2000; 112:669-73. [PMID: 10592636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
|
24
|
Pregnancy results from a vibrator application, electroejaculation, and a vas aspiration programme in spinal-cord injured men. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:2305-7. [PMID: 8530657 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In an infertility treatment programme for spinal-cord injured men, vibrator application was primarily used in cases of upper motor neurone lesion and electroejaculation in men with lower lesions, or when vibrator application failed to induce ejaculation. Spermatozoa were obtained by these methods from 29 out of 35 men who desired infertility treatment. No ejaculate was obtained from six men. Three of these men plus two others with very poor sperm quality with electroejaculation underwent micro-surgical sperm aspiration from the vas deferens for invitro fertilization (IVF), and spermatozoa were obtained from all of them. Thus it was possible to obtain spermatozoa from almost every spinal-cord injured man who had ongoing spermatogenesis using these three methods. Insemination was the primary infertility treatment used with all the couples where there was successful ejaculation. In all, 12 pregnancies resulted from home vaginal inseminations, eight from intrauterine inseminations, two from IVF with ejaculated spermatozoa, and two from IVF with spermatozoa aspirated from the vas. Three couples had children from donor inseminations (not counted in the results); 12 are still in the programme. From 24 pregnancies, 22 children have now been born to 18 couples out of the original 35 (51%), and there were four abortions. Hence, overall, infertility treatment of spinal-cord injured men has given good results.
Collapse
|
25
|
[Students meet reality of nursing care. The school gives an ideal picture. Interview by Carina Roxström]. VARDFACKET 1990; 14:8-9. [PMID: 2096568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
26
|
[In Aino's ward comprehensive care is put to the test. Interview by Elisabet Forslind]. VARDFACKET 1990; 14:18-9. [PMID: 2095072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
27
|
Factors influencing the outcome of thyrostatic drug therapy in Graves' disease. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA 1990; 122:722-8. [PMID: 2375236 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1220722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In patients with Graves' disease, thyrostatic drug treatment may induce definitive remission without the need of more aggressive measures such as surgery or radioiodine. Following drug therapy, however, relapses often occur. In the present study, a multivariate analysis of pretreatment variables was performed, in order to identify individuals running a high risk of an unfavourable outcome of thyrostatic drug therapy. We studied 109 consecutive patients with a mean age of 38 years, range 20-70, over a mean follow-up period of 5.3 years after cessation of therapy. The analysis showed that goitre size, age, thyroid hormone levels, HLA-DR 3 haplotype, and TSH receptor antibody levels were of prognostic significance, whereas HLA-B8 haplotype, a lymphocytic infiltrate at fine needle biopsy, thyroglobulin, and microsomal antibodies had no such value. In particular, patients characterized by young age, large goitre and high hormone values were found to be associated with an unfavourable course.
Collapse
|
28
|
Anejaculation following spinal cord injury does not induce sperm-agglutinating antibodies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 1989; 12:17-21. [PMID: 2714871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antisperm antibodies were tested for by the MAR-test and the tray agglutination test in 16 men with spinal cord injury. None of these men could ejaculate without artificial methods. Seven men ejaculated externally by vibrator stimulation or electroejaculation, while seven exhibited retrograde ejaculation; in two cases no semen was obtained. Sperm density in the external ejaculations was high (average = 405 x 10(6)/ml), with 10-45% motility. None of these 16 men had antisperm antibodies. This result indicates that anejaculation and sperm retention in men with spinal cord injury, even of 30 years duration, does not result in antisperm antibody formation.
Collapse
|
29
|
[Diabetes--pregnancy. An interview study of womens' experience of the problems it causes]. JORDEMODERN 1981; 94:339-60. [PMID: 6912842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
30
|
The interaction of migration, income, and employment in Sweden. Demography 1978; 15:259-66. [PMID: 700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A common approach in migration studies is to explain interregional migration by single-equation models. Such models are likely to suffer from simultaneous-equation bias when used in studies attempting to analyze migration over a long period of time. In this study, a simultaneous-equation appraoch is applied, which takes account of the interdependence between migration and income and employment changes. The four-equation model is estimated for 70 labor market areas in Sweden.
Collapse
|
31
|
Internal labor migration in Sweden. THE SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 1978; 80:104-112. [PMID: 12337036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
32
|
Issues in chaplaincy administration and relationships with other mental health professionals. AMHC FORUM 1978; 30:50-6. [PMID: 10306290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
33
|
[Antihypertensive effects of bumetanide treatment]. LAKARTIDNINGEN 1976; 73:3753-5. [PMID: 790055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
34
|
Geographic distribution and origin of dentitions. Int Dent J 1965; 15:348-55. [PMID: 5214039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|