Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasielastic (3)He[→](e[→],e(')d) process

We present a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the ^{3}He[over →](e[over →],e^{'}d) reaction. This particular process is a uniquely sensitive probe of hadron dynamics in ^{3}He and the structure of the underlying electromagnetic currents. The measurements have been performed in and around quasielastic kinematics at Q^{2}=0.25(GeV/c)^{2} for missing momenta up to 270  MeV/c. The asymmetries are in fair agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in terms of their functional dependencies on p_{m} and ω, but are systematically offset. Beyond the region of the quasielastic peak, the discrepancies become even more pronounced. Thus, our measurements have been able to reveal deficiencies in the most sophisticated calculations of the three-body nuclear system, and indicate that further refinement in the treatment of their two-and/or three-body dynamics is required.

Calculation of multichannel reactions in the four-nucleon system above breakup threshold

The exact four-body equations of Alt, Grassberger, and Sandhas are solved for neutron-3He and proton-3H scattering in the energy regime above the four-nucleon breakup threshold. Cross sections and spin observables for elastic, transfer, charge-exchange, and breakup reactions are calculated using realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction models, including the one with effective many-nucleon forces due to explicit Δ-isobar excitation. The experimental data are described reasonably well with only few exceptions such as vector analyzing powers.

First measurements of spin-dependent double-differential cross sections and the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integrand from 3He(γ,n)pp at incident photon energies of 12.8 and 14.7 MeV

The first measurement of the three-body photodisintegration of longitudinally polarized (3)He with a circularly polarized γ-ray beam was carried out at the High Intensity γ-ray Source facility located at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. The spin-dependent double-differential cross sections and the contributions from the three-body photodisintegration to the (3)He Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integrand are presented and compared with state-of-the-art three-body calculations at the incident photon energies of 12.8 and 14.7 MeV. The data reveal the importance of including the Coulomb interaction between protons in three-body calculations.

Analyzing power Ay(θ) of n-3He elastic scattering between 1.60 and 5.54 MeV

Comprehensive and high-accuracy n-3He elastic scattering analyzing power Ay(θ) angular distributions were obtained at five incident neutron energies between 1.60 and 5.54 MeV. The data are compared to rigorous four-nucleon calculations using high-precision nucleon-nucleon potential models; three-nucleon force effects are found to be very small. The agreement between data and calculations is fair at the lower energies and becomes less satisfactory with increasing neutron energy. Comparison to p-3He scattering over the same energy range exhibits unexpectedly large isospin effects.

Four-body calculation of proton-3He scattering

The four-body equations of Alt, Grassberger, and Sandhas are solved, for the first time, for proton-3He scattering including the Coulomb interaction between the three protons using the method of screening and renormalization as was done recently for proton-deuteron scattering. Various realistic two-nucleon potentials are used. Large Coulomb effects are seen on all observables. Comparison with data at different energies shows large deviations in the proton analyzing power but quite reasonable agreement in other observables. The effect of the nucleon-nucleon magnetic moment interaction and correlations between p-d and p-3He analyzing powers are studied.

Calculation of proton-deuteron breakup reactions including the Coulomb interaction between the two protons

The Coulomb interaction between the two protons is fully included in the calculation of proton-deuteron breakup with realistic interactions for the first time. The hadron dynamics is based on the purely nucleonic charge-dependent (CD) Bonn potential and its realistic extension CD Bonn +Delta to a coupled-channel two-baryon potential, allowing for single virtual Delta-isobar excitation. Calculations are done using integral equations in momentum space. The screening and renormalization approach is employed for including the Coulomb interaction. The Coulomb effect on breakup observables is seen at all energies in particular kinematic regimes.