The PREGVAXGRIP study: a cohort study to assess foetal and neonatal consequences of in utero exposure to vaccination against A(H1N1)v2009 influenza

BACKGROUND

In October 2009, in the context of an A(H1N1)v2009 influenza pandemic, a vaccination campaign was launched in France, in which one of the priority groups was pregnant women, on account of the high risk of developing complications following infection by this virus.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this multicentric, prospective, observational study was to assess safety and pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women when receiving the A(H1N1)v2009 influenza pandemic vaccine.

METHODS

This was a prospective study that followed up pregnant women recruited mainly in vaccination centres and maternity departments. Following the expected delivery date, follow-up data were collected concerning the delivery, the infant, and, if appropriate, the reasons why the pregnancy did not reach its term.

RESULTS

Between 1 November 2009 and 31 March 2010, 2,415 pregnant women were included at the time of vaccination; 97.6 % of women received a vaccine without adjuvant and 2.4 % received an adjuvanted vaccine. Ninety-two (3.9 %) women were vaccinated during the first trimester of pregnancy, 1,090 (46.5 %) during the second trimester, and 1,162 (49.6 %) during the third trimester. One hundred and thirty-three adverse events (5.5 % of women) were reported, of which 12 were unexpected or serious. There were 2,246 (93.0 %) known pregnancy outcomes with 12 spontaneous abortions (0.5 %), 6 stillbirths (0.3 %), and 4 therapeutic abortions (0.2 %). There were 65 neonates with congenital anomalies, among which 31 were major. But only one congenital malformation (1.4 %) was reported for the 92 women vaccinated in their first trimester. Of the women, 93.3 % were delivered full term and 6.7 % preterm. For 96 (4.2 %) neonates, a disorder was reported in the neonatal period and 130 (5.6 %) were transferred to the neonatology department.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that exposure to the A(H1N1)v2009 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy does not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, because of the relatively small number of women exposed during the first trimester, other studies are needed to exclude an increased risk of malformation.

[Identification of drug misuse. Study of spontaneous notifications of adverse drug events in a regional safety reporting centre]

INTRODUCTION

The misuse of drugs, common practice for some, is a source of iatrogenic diseases and considerable supplementary costs in hospital budgets. The aim of this study was to quantify the number of adverse events (AE) related to the misuse of drugs.

METHODS

This was a study conducted on 200 new validated AE case reports. In each report, we searched for the drug(s) responsible and checked whether the prescription respected the SPC (summary of product characteristics) and current guidelines or not.

RESULTS

Among the 200 reports, 49 (24.5%) cases of AE were related to the misuse of a drug in 46 patients, with a mean age of 65.8 years [24 to 97]. Among these cases, 33 (67.3%) were at the origin of hospitalisation or prolongation of the latter. In 17 cases (34.7%), there was no therapeutic alternative to the drug used in the framework of misuse.

DISCUSSION

The notion of good or bad use of a drug progresses with the life of the drug. We therefore selected as criterion of misuse the non-respect of the SCP but also other guidelines. Regarding the cases that could have been avoided, these concerned an AE related to poor surveillance and assessment of the benefit/risk ratio of treatments prescribed to elderly patients and also the commonplace use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, at the origin of digestive haemorrhages.

CONCLUSION

The prevention of misuse implies all the actors of the health system. A reassessment of the prescription of certain therapeutic classes of drugs would avoid a great number of iatrogenic accidents and would lead to considerable economy in the field of health.