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Hoenen T, Safronetz D, Groseth A, Wollenberg KR, Koita OA, Diarra B, Fall IS, Haidara FC, Diallo F, Sanogo M, Sarro YS, Kone A, Togo ACG, Traore A, Kodio M, Dosseh A, Rosenke K, de Wit E, Feldmann F, Ebihara H, Munster VJ, Zoon KC, Feldmann H, Sow S. Virology. Mutation rate and genotype variation of Ebola virus from Mali case sequences. Science 2015; 348:117-9. [PMID: 25814067 PMCID: PMC11045032 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa during 2013-2015 is unprecedented. Early reports suggested that in this outbreak EBOV is mutating twice as fast as previously observed, which indicates the potential for changes in transmissibility and virulence and could render current molecular diagnostics and countermeasures ineffective. We have determined additional full-length sequences from two clusters of imported EBOV infections into Mali, and we show that the nucleotide substitution rate (9.6 × 10(-4) substitutions per site per year) is consistent with rates observed in Central African outbreaks. In addition, overall variation among all genotypes observed remains low. Thus, our data indicate that EBOV is not undergoing rapid evolution in humans during the current outbreak. This finding has important implications for outbreak response and public health decisions and should alleviate several previously raised concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hoenen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - D Safronetz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - A Groseth
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - K R Wollenberg
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - O A Koita
- Center of Research and Training for HIV and Tuberculosis, University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - B Diarra
- Center of Research and Training for HIV and Tuberculosis, University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - I S Fall
- World Health Organization Office, Bamako, Mali
| | - F C Haidara
- Centre des Operations d'Urgence, Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Centre National d'Appui à la lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Sante et de l'Hygiène Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - F Diallo
- Centre des Operations d'Urgence, Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Centre National d'Appui à la lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Sante et de l'Hygiène Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - M Sanogo
- Center of Research and Training for HIV and Tuberculosis, University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Y S Sarro
- Center of Research and Training for HIV and Tuberculosis, University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - A Kone
- Center of Research and Training for HIV and Tuberculosis, University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - A C G Togo
- Center of Research and Training for HIV and Tuberculosis, University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - A Traore
- Centre des Operations d'Urgence, Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Centre National d'Appui à la lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Sante et de l'Hygiène Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - M Kodio
- Centre des Operations d'Urgence, Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Centre National d'Appui à la lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Sante et de l'Hygiène Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - A Dosseh
- World Health Organization Inter-Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - K Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - E de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - F Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - H Ebihara
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - V J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - K C Zoon
- Office of the Scientific Director, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - H Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | - S Sow
- Centre des Operations d'Urgence, Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Centre National d'Appui à la lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Sante et de l'Hygiène Publique, Bamako, Mali.
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Abstract
An influenza survey was conducted in seven sentinel sites in Dakar, Senegal from June 1996 to December 1998. Throat or nasal swab cultures were randomly collected from 804 patients suffering from influenza-like symptoms. Influenza viruses were isolated at a similar proportion in adults and in children (P = 0.29). Strains of influenza B viruses were isolated from sporadic cases in 1997, whereas type A virus was associated with an isolated peak. Proportions of influenza virus isolation varied from 17.5% to 40.0% between 1996 and 1998 during the peak period (July/September) of acute respiratory infection in Dakar. Rainfall, humidity, and temperatures rose during the same period. Influenza in Dakar seems to be an-all-age groups respiratory infection characterized by high transmission during the hot and rainy season. The antigenic similarity of the A(H3N2) and B viruses to those circulating elsewhere in the world at the same time was confirmed. However, the A(H1N1) strains were found to be more closely related to an Asiatic strain which had not been isolated outside Asia previously. Consequently, the strain close to the A(H1N1)/Wuhan/371/95 strain isolated in Dakar was included in the composition of the 1998/1999 influenza vaccine. This reinforces the importance of setting up a national influenza control strategy in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dosseh
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Sénégal
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