Imaging Features of Craniofacial Giant Cell Granulomas: A Large Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Center

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Craniofacial giant cell granulomas are rare lesions with varied appearances on imaging. We aimed to describe the imaging features of giant cell granulomas of the craniofacial bones.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis of the clinical features and imaging findings of 20 histopathology-proved cases of craniofacial giant cell granulomas, dating from 2006 to 2022, was performed.

RESULTS

Of the 20 cases, 10 each were seen in men and women. The epicenter of the lesions varied in location: in the maxilla in 8 patients, in the mandible in 5, in the temporal bone in 3, in the sphenoid/clivus in 3, and in the orbit in 1 patient. On the radiographs, the lesions appeared well-circumscribed, expansile, and lytic. On CT, the lesions were predominantly multiloculated, with thin septa, a soft-tissue component, and with expansion and remodeling of the underlying bone. On MR imaging, the solid component of the lesions was isointense on T1WI and hypointense on T2WI, with heterogeneous enhancement of the solid component and rim enhancement of the locules. Fluid-fluid levels were present in 3 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Giant cell granulomas commonly present as locally aggressive, expansile, multiloculated lytic lesions, with solid as well as cystic areas. The solid component is typically hypointense on T2WI. Certain key imaging features of giant cell granulomas can aid the radiologist in narrowing the differential diagnosis.

Pediatric nasal dermoid- a decade's experience from a South Indian tertiary care centre

INTRODUCTION

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC) are uncommon congenital lesions in children.

OBJECTIVE

To review the clinical and radiological presentation and study the surgical outcomes of this uncommon lesion.

METHOD

Retrospective chart review of all children diagnosed with nasal dermoid from 2010 to 2020 at a tertiary referral hospital in South India was executed. The medical records were reviewed for demographics, lesion characteristics, imaging, operative details, and outcomes and literature review was performed.

RESULT

A total of 25 children [Mean age 3.7 yrs (Range 2-9 yrs)] with nasal dermoid sinus cysts were treated in the last decade. While 13 presented with a sinus, 11 presented with cyst and 1 had both. The lesions mainly involved the upper third of the nose in 10 children, middle one third in 6 and upper one third in 9 children. All underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging, in 11 Computed Tomography also was done. A flow chart of the lesion characteristics and its management has been presented. Intraoperatively intracranial extension was present in four children. The approach to intracranial extension and corresponding literature review has been presented. Follow up ranged from one to six years. (Median 3.5 yrs) and no recurrence or complication was noted.

CONCLUSION

Nasal dermoid is an uncommon congenital anomaly. Preoperative evaluation must include imaging to assess extent and rule out intracranial extension. Surgical strategy depends on whether presentation is as sinus or cyst and location and extent of lesion. All surgical approaches have a good surgical and cosmetic outcome.

Patterns of clinicopathological features and outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer patients: 35 years of prospectively collected data

OBJECTIVE

Investigate the clinical landscape of ovarian carcinoma (OC) over time.

DESIGN

Register-based prospectively collected data.

SETTING

South East Scotland.

SAMPLE

A total of 2805 OC patients diagnosed in 1981-2015.

METHODS

Survival times were visualised using the Kaplan-Meier method; median survival, 5-year survival probabilities and associated restricted mean survival time analyses were used to quantify survival differences.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Disease-specific survival.

RESULTS

A significant increase in disease-specific survival (DSS) from 1981-1985 to 2011-2015 was observed (median 1.73 versus 4.23 years, P < 0.0001). Corresponding increase in progression-free survival (PFS) was not statistically significant (median 1.22 versus 1.58 years, P = 0.2568). An increase in the proportion of cases with low residual disease volume (RD) (<2 cm RD) following debulking was observed (54.0% versus 87.7%, P < 0.0001). The proportion of high grade serous (HGS) cases increased (P < 0.0001), whereas endometrioid and mucinous cases decreased (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0002). Increases in stage IV HGS OC incidence (P = 0.0009) and stage IV HGS OC DSS (P = 0.0122) were observed. Increasing median age at diagnosis correlated with increasing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) over time (r = 0.86).

CONCLUSIONS

OC DSS has improved over the last 35 years. PFS has not significantly increased, highlighting that improvement in outcome has been limited to extending post-relapse survival. Distribution of stage at diagnosis, histological subtype and RD following debulking has changed over time, reflecting evolution in tumour classification, staging and optimal debulking definitions (from low RD to minimal or zero RD). Histology, stage, RD and ECOG PS remain reliable outcome predictors. Increasing median age at diagnosis and ECOG PS indicates demographic shifts in the clinical population.

TWEETABLE ABSTRACT

Significant improvement in ovarian carcinoma survival has been seen over time. Most of this improvement is due to an extension of survival following disease relapse.

Recurrent Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a postmenopausal Indian lady: Is there a pattern?

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a syndrome of acute left ventricular dysfunction with a clinical presentation often mimicking acute coronary syndrome. Without a high index of suspicion, this clinical entity often goes unrecognized. Although initially categorized as a benign completely reversible condition, it is no longer considered to be so. Recurrence of this condition, though rare, has been reported in a non-Indian population. We present a case of recurrent TTC in a postmenopausal Indian lady who had a similar clinical presentation both at the index event and at recurrence.

Anti-venom-induced myelopathy in a semipoisonous snakebite

A 40-year-old woman developed myelopathy manifesting as Brown Sequard syndrome after administration of Anti-venom (polyvalent enzyme-refined equine globulin supposed to neutralise 0.6 mg of standard cobra venom, 0.45 mg of standard krait venom, 0.6 mg of standard Russel's viper venom and 0.45 mg of saw scaled viper venom, manufactured by Serum Institute of India, Pune, India). It was concluded to be an immunological inflammation of the spinal cord after ruling out hematomyelia on imaging. The necessity of antivenom in semipoisonous snake bites have been addressed further in the article.