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0208 The Effect of Mastication on Psychomotor Vigilance Performance. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sustained attention is important for optimal neurobehavioral performance, but many biological and environment factors (e.g., circadian rhythm, distraction) may cause sustained attention deficits. Mastication (chewing) has been suggested to provide a countermeasure to sustained attention deficits. To investigate this, we conducted a randomized, within-subjects, cross-over study of sustained attention with a mastication condition and a control condition.
Methods
N=58 adults (ages 18–45; 38 females) completed a 5h in-laboratory study. Subjects entered the laboratory at 09:00. Following training on performance tasks, they had a 1h break before beginning the first of two test bouts at 11:00. Each test bout was 40min long and included subjective rating scales, the Sustained Attention to Response Task, and the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Here we focus on PVT lapses of attention (RT > 500 ms), false starts, and mean reaction time (RT) as measures of sustained attention. In between test bouts, subjects had a 1h break inside the laboratory. During one of the two test bouts, subjects were instructed to chew a piece of gum at a steady, comfortable rate. Mastication activity was verified via electromyography (EMG). Half of the sample was assigned to the mastication condition during the first test bout, the other half during the second test bout.
Results
Controlling for order of conditions, there were no significant differences between conditions for PVT lapses (F1,56=0.40, P=0.54) or false starts (F1,56=0.10, P=0.80). Mean RT was higher in the mastication condition by 8.9±2.5ms (F1,56 =12.68, P<0.001).
Conclusion
Using this test paradigm, we were unable to detect any significant improvement in PVT performance, although mastication resulted in a very small increase in mean RT. However, subjects were not sleep-deprived, distracted, or otherwise perturbed. A follow-up study under conditions of sleep deprivation and/or with longer task duration may provide further insight into the countermeasure potential of mastication.
Support
Mars Wrigley Confectionery, U.S., LLC
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0121 Effect of Total Sleep Deprivation on Word Recognition of Previously Studied Words with Different Emotional Valence. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Stimuli with an emotional valence tend to produce better recognition from memory than neutral stimuli. Sleep loss is believed to increase reactivity to negative stimuli, as compared to positive stimuli, which may comparatively enhance subsequent recognition from memory for negative stimuli. We investigated the impact of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on recognition accuracy for words with different emotional valence using the Affective Item Source Memory Task (AISM).
Methods
N=14 adults (ages 21–39; 7 females) completed a 4-day in-laboratory study with 9h baseline sleep (22:00-07:00), 39h acute TSD, and 9h recovery sleep. The AISM was administered at 16:30 during baseline and after 34h TSD. During a 5min study phase, participants heard a list, twice, of 20 positive, 20 negative, and 20 neutral words spoken with a male or female voice. During an immediately subsequent 8min recognition phase, participants heard 120 words (50% new) and judged whether each word had been presented in the study list (item memory). For words judged to have been presented previously, participants indicated whether those were presented by a female or male speaker (source memory).
Results
Mixed-effects ANOVA showed effects of session (p<0.001) and valence (p<0.001) on item memory. At baseline, accuracy was greatest for neutral and positive words compared to negative words. During TSD, accuracy declined for all three valences, and no interaction of session by valence was detected. No effects of TSD or valence on source memory were observed.
Conclusion
Sleep deprivation reduced item memory for words of all valence types. However, there was no comparatively greater impact on item or source memory for negative words nor any differential effect of TSD for different valences. Whether our results would hold with longer time intervals between task phases or an intervening sleep period remains to be determined.
Support
Jazz Pharmaceuticals
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