ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS DURING THE INITIAL PREPARATION STAGE

Aim. The purpose of the study is to determine the morphological features and anaerobic performance of young football players. Materials and methods. 20 young football players aged 12–13 years were examined. The anaerobic performance test was carried out on a Monark 891E hand ergometer (Sweden). Physical and technical preparedness was assessed with the following pedagogical tests: the 15 m standing and crouch start running test, standing long jump, vertical jump, 30-second running, 3×10 m 3×10 m shuttle run. Hip circumference as a morphological basis of anaerobic performance of the legs was evaluated by using a measuring tape. Body length and weight were measured by standard anthropometric methods. Results. The young football players have a significant heterochrony of morphological development, which is expressed in a significant dispersion of the parameters of body weight and length. At the same time, neither actual age nor training loads are the determining factors for the demonstrated strength, but the level of morphological development (i.e. biological age), as evidenced by the correlations between the hip circumference and absolute peak power (r = 0.75, at p = 0.0001). There are no similar correlations with age (both in years and in days). Technical tests, such as basketball dribbling, basketball ball handling drill, and shuttle running with the ball, as well as basketball obstacle course did not have statistically significant differences between more or less physically developed athletes. Conclusion. The approach to differentiation of athletes according to the development of speed-strength qualities based on morphofunctional data can be used in coaching practice when working with young athletes aged 12–13 years. This will allow coaches to plan training sessions aimed not at balancing differences, but at improving the training process taking into account the individual characteristics of an athlete.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ANAEROBIC CAPACITY IN COMBAT ATHLETES

Aim. The article deals with the assessment of anaerobic capacity in wrestlers depending on wrestling style and morphological indicators. Materials and methods. 33 male wrestlers participated in the experiment. All participants are apparently healthy people at the moment of the study and have their sports grades (from 1st grade to the Master of Sport). The test was conducted with the Monark 891E arm ergometer (Switzerland). The following parameters were obtained during the experiment: peak power (W), average power (W), time to peak power (ms). Results. Power was assessed with an arm ergometer. This power is mostly achieved by the muscles responsible for arm flexion and extension in the shoulder joint and, to a lesser extent, by the biceps and triceps responsible for flexion and extension in the elbow joint. This statement is based on the correlations between the peak power, average power, and chest circumference, which look as following: r = 0.58 ± 0.019 (р = 0.0006) and r = 0.68 ± 0.15 (р < 0.0001). At the same time, shoulder circumference is less correlated with power, while chest circumference correlates with the average power in a more pronounced way than body weight does (r = 0.68 ± 0.15 against r = 0.58 ± 0.19, at р = 0.049 – one-way analysis). Therefore, in wrestlers, it is necessary to take into account chest circumference, which will allow predicting the potential power of the locomotion connected with the shoulder girdle (in case if the test is adjusted to a specific wrestling style), as well as  the degree of shoulder girdle muscles development and training as one of the important predictors of successful combat. Conclusion. There are statistically significant correlations between the morphological indicators of wrestlers and their power. This can be used for the assessment of motor qualities depending on chest circumference, shoulder circumference, and skin-fat folds. It will be helpful for estimating a potential power and the efficiency of the training process as one of the main predictors of successful combat, especially at the first stages of multiyear training.

The Complexity of Optimal Monotonic Planning: The Bad, The Good, and The Causal Graph

For almost two decades, monotonic, or ``delete free,'' relaxation has been one of the key auxiliary tools in the practice of domain-independent deterministic planning. In the particular contexts of both satisficing and optimal planning, it underlies most state-of-the-art heuristic functions. While satisficing planning for monotonic tasks is polynomial-time, optimal planning for monotonic tasks is NP-equivalent. Here we establish both negative and positive results on the complexity of some wide fragments of optimal monotonic planning, with the fragments being defined around the causal graph topology. Our results shed some light on the link between the complexity of general optimal planning and the complexity of optimal planning for the respective monotonic relaxations.

Corpus-based identification and refinement of semantic classes

Medical Language Processing (MLP), especially in specific domains, requires fine-grained semantic lexica. We examine whether robust natural language processing tools used on a representative corpus of a domain help in building and refining a semantic categorization. We test this hypothesis with ZELLIG, a corpus analysis tool. The first clusters we obtain are consistent with a model of the domain, as found in the SNOMED nomenclature. They correspond to coarse-grained semantic categories, but isolate as well lexical idiosyncrasies belonging to the clinical sub-language. Moreover, they help categorize additional words.