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Padilha JA, Carvalho GO, Espejo W, Souza JS, Pizzochero AC, Cunha LST, Costa ES, Pessôa ARL, Almeida AP, Torres JPM, Lepoint G, Michel LN, Das K, Dorneles PR. Factors that influence trace element levels in blood and feathers of Pygoscelis penguins from South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Environ Pollut 2021; 284:117209. [PMID: 33932832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant levels are lower in Antarctica than elsewhere in the world because of its low anthropogenic activities. However, the northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula, is close to South America and experiences the greatest anthropogenic pressure in Antarctica. Here, we investigated, in two Antarctic Peninsula islands, intra and interspecific factors that influence the concentrations of 17 trace elements (TEs) in blood and feathers of three penguin species breeding sympatrically in relation to their trophic ecology assessed via a stable isotopic approach (C, N and S). Geographical location, foraging zone (δ13C and δ34S) and diet influences the interspecific difference, and sex and maturity stage diet influence the intraspecific difference of Pygoscelis penguins. Penguins from Livingston showed higher values (mean, ng. g-1, dry weight - dw) of Zn (103), Mn (0.3), and Fe (95) than those from King George Island (Zn: 80, Mn: 1.9, and Fe: 11). Gender-related differences were observed, as males showed significantly higher values (mean, ng. g-1, dw) of Rb (3.4) and δ15N in blood of gentoo, and Ca (1344) in Adélie feathers. Chicks of gentoo and Adélie presented higher Zn, Mg, Ca, and Sr and lower 13C values in blood than adults. The highest concentrations (mean, ng. g-1, dw) of Cd (0.2) and Cu (26), and the lowest δ15N values were found in chinstrap. Geographical, intraspecific (i.e., ontogenetic and gender-related) and interspecific differences in feeding seemed to have influenced TE and stable isotope values in these animals. The TE bioaccumulation by penguins may have also been influenced by natural enrichment in environmental levels of these elements, which seems to be the case for Fe, Zn, and Mn. However, the high level of some of the TEs (Mn, Cd, and Cr) may reflect the increase of local and global human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Padilha
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - G O Carvalho
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W Espejo
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 537, Chillán, Chile
| | - J S Souza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A C Pizzochero
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S T Cunha
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E S Costa
- Mestrado Profissional Em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Assis Brasil, 842, Centro, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A R L Pessôa
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A P Almeida
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J P M Torres
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - L N Michel
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - K Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - P R Dorneles
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
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Ribeiro PVM, Silva A, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HH, Alfenas RC. Effect of chronic consumption of pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) on glucose metabolism in pre-diabetics and type 2 diabetics: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1115-1123. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1392290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. M. Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. P. Almeida
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - H. H. Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R. C. Alfenas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Araújo VR, Silva GM, Duarte ABG, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Almeida AP, Lunardi FO, Serafim MKB, Moura AAA, Campello CC, Rodrigues APR, Figueiredo JR. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 (BMP-6) Stimulates the Antrum Formation by the Regulation of its Signalling Pathway in Caprine Pre-antral Follicles Cultured In Vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:59-68. [PMID: 26660854 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BMP-6 has been found to be important to ovarian cells and oocyte, as well as to uterus. Thus, this study investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-6) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) alone or in combination on the in vitro culture (IVC) of isolated caprine secondary follicles (Experiment 1) and the mRNA levels for BMP receptors/Smad signalling pathway (BMPR1A, BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, SMAD7 and SMAD8) in vivo and in vitro using BMP-6 (Experiment 2). Secondary follicles were cultured in αMEM(+) alone (control medium) or supplemented with BMP-6 at 1 or 10 ng/ml and rFSH alone or the combination of both BMP-6 concentrations and rFSH. The results from Experiment 1 showed that the antrum formation rate was higher in the BMP-6 at 1 ng/ml (p < 0.05) than in MEM. In Experiment 2, the mRNA expression for BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD6 was detected in non-cultured control and after in vitro culture (MEM and 1 ng/ml BMP-6); while the expression of SMAD7 and SMAD8 mRNA was only detected after IVC, SMAD4 was only detected in the BMP-6 at 1 ng/ml treatment. In conclusion, the low BMP-6 concentration positively influenced antrum formation and ensured normal mRNA expression for BMP receptor and Smads after IVC of caprine secondary follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - G M Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A B G Duarte
- Medical School, Morphology Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D M Magalhães-Padilha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Development, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - F O Lunardi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M K B Serafim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A A A Moura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Martins LT, Gaudencio Neto S, Aguiar LH, Calderón CEM, Tavares KCS, Carneiro IS, Morais AS, Girão Neto FXA, Pinho RM, Almeida AP, Lazzarotto CR, Chies JM, Bertolini LR, Forell F, Bertolini M. 37 EFFECT OF CELL MANIPULATION FOR PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC CELL LINES ON GOAT CLONING EFFICIENCY. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of transgenic cell lines through standard cell transfection/antibiotic selection procedures may have a negative effect on cell viability, which in turn may compromise SCNT cloning efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate goat cloning efficiency by using transfected and nontransfected and transgenic and nontransgenic somatic cells as nucleus donors. Skin fibroblast cells from 1 adult doe were subjected to transfection by electroporation with the pBC1-hGCase-Neo transgene cassette containing the human glucocerebrosidase gene sequence (hGCase), following antibiotic cell colony selection. Four distinct syngeneic donor cell types were used for cloning: (a) wild type (nontransfected, nontransgenic) control cells (C1) at low passage (P3), (b) transfected negative control (transfected, nontransgenic) cells (CT) at high passage (P8), and (c) 2 lines of transfected, transgenic cells (CA, CB) at high passages (P8 through P10). Donor cell cycles were synchronized by high confluence (<95%) and 24-h serum starvation. Cloning procedures were performed by standard micromanipulation procedures. Following membrane fusion after a 1.25 kV cm–1 DC pulse for 45 µs, reconstructed structures were incubated in cytochalasin B for 1 h, and then activated in ionomycin/6-DMAP. After 12 h of IVC in G-1TM medium (Vitrolife, Englewood, CO, USA), 1-cell stage cloned embryos were surgically transferred into the oviduct of synchronous recipient females. To ascertain herd fertility and health and adequate procedures for embryo manipulation, synchronization protocols, and surgical interventions, groups of control females were subjected to cervical AI or surgical transfer of in vivo-produced 1-cell stage goat embryos (ET). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography on Day 23, with weekly examinations until term. Data were analysed by the χ2 test (P < 0.05), and are presented in Table 1. The transfection process and passage number did not appear to affect development, as no differences in pregnancy rates were observed between cloned groups, although results with control cells (C1 and CT) and with CA and CB lines were similar to and lower than the AI and ET groups, respectively. Loss rate after cloning was high (88.8%), which may be due to faulty reprogramming, as other procedural and biological variables involved in the cloning process were endorsed by pregnancy rates and term viable pregnancies observed in the AI and ET groups. Cloning using CA donor cells at P9 resulted in two liveborn kids, with one dying soon after birth. Both animals were confirmed by molecular analyses as hGCase transgenic clones.
Table 1.Overall efficiency after AI, superovulation and embryo transfer (ET) or cloning by nuclear transfer (NT) using control (C1), sham-transfected (CT), and 2 transgenic (CA, CB) syngeneic fibroblast cells lines in goats
This research was funded by FINEP.
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Gutiérrez-Adrianzén OA, Moraes MEA, Almeida AP, Lima JWO, Marinho MF, Marques AL, Madeiro JPV, Nepomuceno L, da Silva Jr JMS, Silva Jr GB, Daher EF, Rodrigues Sobrinho CRM. Pathophysiological, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine changes in hypertensive patients during the hemodialysis session. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:366-72. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fossette S, Witt MJ, Miller P, Nalovic MA, Albareda D, Almeida AP, Broderick AC, Chacón-Chaverri D, Coyne MS, Domingo A, Eckert S, Evans D, Fallabrino A, Ferraroli S, Formia A, Giffoni B, Hays GC, Hughes G, Kelle L, Leslie A, López-Mendilaharsu M, Luschi P, Prosdocimi L, Rodriguez-Heredia S, Turny A, Verhage S, Godley BJ. Pan-atlantic analysis of the overlap of a highly migratory species, the leatherback turtle, with pelagic longline fisheries. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133065. [PMID: 24523271 PMCID: PMC4027393 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large oceanic migrants play important roles in ecosystems, yet many species are of conservation concern as a result of anthropogenic threats, of which incidental capture by fisheries is frequently identified. The last large populations of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, occur in the Atlantic Ocean, but interactions with industrial fisheries could jeopardize recent positive population trends, making bycatch mitigation a priority. Here, we perform the first pan-Atlantic analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of the leatherback turtle and ascertain overlap with longline fishing effort. Data suggest that the Atlantic probably consists of two regional management units: northern and southern (the latter including turtles breeding in South Africa). Although turtles and fisheries show highly diverse distributions, we highlight nine areas of high susceptibility to potential bycatch (four in the northern Atlantic and five in the southern/equatorial Atlantic) that are worthy of further targeted investigation and mitigation. These are reinforced by reports of leatherback bycatch at eight of these sites. International collaborative efforts are needed, especially from nations hosting regions where susceptibility to bycatch is likely to be high within their exclusive economic zone (northern Atlantic: Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal, Spain, USA and Western Sahara; southern Atlantic: Angola, Brazil, Namibia and UK) and from nations fishing in these high-susceptibility areas, including those located in international waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fossette
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, , Swansea SA2 8PP, UK, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, , Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, , Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK, Centro de Investigación y Conservación Marina, , El Pinar, Canelones 15008, Uruguay, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, , 1208 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA, Comité Régional des Pêches et Elevages Marins de Guyane, Port de Pêche du Larivot, , Matoury 97351, French Guiana, Aquamarina, , Del Besugo 1525, Pinamar, Buenos Aires 7167, Argentina, Jardín Zoológico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Republica de la India 3000, , Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina, Regional Program for Sea Turtles Research and Conservation of Argentina (PRICTMA) Smith 37, , 1876-Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, ICMBio-Reserva Biológica de Comboios, , Linhares, ES 29900-970, Brazil, Asociación LAST, , Apdo 496-1100, Tibás, Costa Rica, SEATURTLE.org, , 1 Southampton Place, Durham, NC 27705, USA, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos, , Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay, WIDECAST, , 1348 Rusticview Drive, Ballwin, MO 63011, USA, Biology and Natural Resources Department, Principia College, , 1 Maybeck Place, Elsah, IL 62028, USA, Sea Turtle Conservancy, , 4424 NW 13th St., Suite B11, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA, Karumbé - Av. Rivera 3245 (Zoo Villa Dolores), Montevideo 11600, Uruguay, Rue Victor Hugo, 25120 Maiche, France, Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, , 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA, Fundação Pró-TAMAR, , Postal 2219, Rio Vermelho, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, , Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia, 183 Amber Valley, P/Bag X30, Howick 3290, South Africa, WWF Guianas, , Henck Arronstraat 63 Suriname and 5 lot Katoury, Cayenne 9
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Martins FS, Saraiva MVA, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Almeida AP, Celestino JJH, Padilha RT, Cunha RMS, Silva JRV, Campello CC, Figueiredo JR. Presence of growth hormone receptor (GH-R) mRNA and protein in goat ovarian follicles and improvement of in vitro preantral follicle survival and development with GH. Theriogenology 2014; 82:27-35. [PMID: 24725418 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the expression of growth hormone receptor (GH-R) mRNA and protein in goat ovarian follicles in order to investigate the effects of GH on the survival and development of preantral follicles. The ovaries were processed for the isolation of follicles to study GH-R mRNA expression or to localization of GH-R by immunohistochemical analysis. Pieces of ovarian cortex were cultured for 7 days in minimum essential medium(+) (MEM(+)) in the presence or absence of GH at different concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL). High expression levels of GH-R mRNA were observed in granulosa/theca cells from large antral follicles. However, preantral follicles do not express mRNA for GH-R. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the GH-R protein was expressed in the oocytes/granulosa cells of antral follicles, but any protein expression was observed in preantral follicles. The highest (P < 0.05) rate of normal follicles and intermediate follicles was observed after 7 days in MEM(+) plus 10 ng/mL GH (70%). In conclusion, GH-R mRNA and protein are expressed in caprine antral follicles, but not in preantral follicles. Moreover, GH maintains the survival of goat preantral follicles and promotes the development of primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Martins
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M V A Saraiva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - A P Almeida
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - J J H Celestino
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - R T Padilha
- Potiguar University/Laureate International Universities, Natal, Brazil
| | - R M S Cunha
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS)-Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - J R V Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS)-Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Martins LT, Aguiar LH, Calderón CEM, G. Neto S, Tavares KCS, Carneiro IS, Lazzarotto C, Almeida AP, Chies JM, Mohamad-Fauzi N, Murray JD, Maga EA, Bertolini LR, Forell F, Bertolini M. 221 SOMATIC CELL GOAT CLONING USING ALLOGENEIC OR SYNGENEIC TRANSGENIC CELL LINES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv26n1ab221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of goat cloning by using cell lineages from distinct transgenic backgrounds. Primary fibroblast skin cell cultures from 2 females (allogeneic), transgenic for the human lysozyme gene (hLZ), were established following standard procedures. Cells from one hLZ genotype were used for the establishment of 2 double transgenic syngeneic cell lines by cell transfection (Nucleofector®, Lonza, Germany) with transgene cassettes containing either the human glucocerebrosidase gene (hGC) and neomycin resistance gene, or the human lactoferrin gene (hLF) with no selection gene. The hGC-transfected hLZ cells were antibiotic-selected (G418, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) until the isolation of positive cell colonies, whereas hLF-transfected hLZ cells were seeded onto 100-mm culture plates (100 cells/plate) to allow colony outgrowth from individual cells. Isolated colonies were screened by PCR using specific primers for each transgene (hGC or hLF) and for hLZ and GAPDH (controls). Positive cells from one hLZ-hGC and one hLZ-hLF colony were used for cloning at passage 9, whereas hLZ cells from the other genotype were at passage 4. Cells were synchronized by high confluence and 24 h of serum starvation. Goat cloning was performed according to standard procedures (Feltrin et al. 2012 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 25, 163). Briefly, cumulus-oocyte complexes from abattoir ovaries were in vitro-matured for 20 h. Oocyte enucleation and hLZ, hLZ-hGC, or hLZ-hLF donor cell insertion were done by micromanipulation. Reconstructed structures were fused by two 1.2-KV cm–1 DC pulses for 20 μs. Cloned embryos were cultured for 1 h in cytochalasin B and then activated in ionomycin/6-DMAP. After 12 h of in vitro culture in G-1™ medium (Vitrolife, USA), 1-cell stage embryos were transferred into the oviduct of synchronous females (Keefer et al. 2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 199-203). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography on Day 30, with weekly monitoring afterwards. Preliminary data from 6 replicates were analysed by the chi-square test (P < 0.05). Maturation rate and survival after enucleation were 42.8% (610/1425) and 72.9% (291/399), respectively. A total of 271 structures were reconstructed using the 3 donor cell lines. Fusion rates did not differ between hLZ (59.5%), hLZ-hGC (47.5%), and hLZ-hLF (48.5%) groups. A total of 68 hLZ, 92 hLZ-hGC, and 39 hLZ-hLF-derived embryos were transferred to 5, 7, and 3 recipients, respectively. No pregnancies were detected with the use of hLZ and hLZ-hLF cells. However, 3 pregnancies (one nonviable) were detected on Day 30 with hLZ-hGC cells (42.9%), with both viable pregnancies lost on Days 40 and 130 of gestation. Molecular analyses confirmed both concepti as transgenic clones from the hLZ-hGC cell line. In summary, antibiotic selection of positive colonies was effective at maintaining cell viability, with a positive response when used for cloning. Replications are in progress to evaluate the effect of cell colony isolation from individual cells (e.g. hLZ-hLF cells) on cell viability over time and on cloning outcome.
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Feltrin C, Mohamad-Fauzi N, Aguiar LH, Neto SG, Martins LT, Calderon CEM, Rodrigues VHV, Carneiro IS, Tavares KCS, Almeida AP, Murray JD, Maga EA, Rodrigues JL, Bertolini LR, Bertolini M. 31 IN VITRO SURVIVAL AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME OF ZONA-FREE TRANSGENIC GOAT CLONED EMBRYOS AFTER OVIDUCTAL TRANSFER TO FEMALE RECIPIENTS ON DAY 1 OF DEVELOPMENT. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival to term following embryo transfer is usually low after cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the zona pellucida (presence or absence) and the cell nucleus transfer method (cell fusion or cell injection) on the in vitro survival and pregnancy outcome of Day-1 goat cloned embryos transferred into the oviduct of recipient females. In vitro-matured goat oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries were polar body selected, with a group of oocytes subjected to enzymatic zona pellucida removal. Zona-free (ZF) and zona-intact (ZI) oocytes were enucleated by micromanipulation procedures (Oback and Wells 2003 Cloning Stem Cells 5, 3–12; Keefer et al. 2000 Biol. Reprod. 66, 199–203). Somatic nucleus donor cells from 3 transgenic females for mammary gland expressing human lysozyme (Maga et al. 2003 Trans. Res. 12, 485–496) were either fused (CF) with enucleated ZI and ZF oocytes or injected (CI) into enucleated ZI oocytes, with the assessment of fusion or injection survival rates performed after 60 min. Two direct-current (DC) pulses were used to induce fusion in the ZI group (2 kV cm–1 each for 10 µs) and in the ZF group (1.0 kV cm–1 for 20 µs). Embryo reconstruction using ZI oocytes was done by micromanipulation. Zona-free (CF) or ZI (CF or CI) reconstructed cloned embryos were chemically activated in ionomycin/DMAP, followed by in vitro culture for 12 h prior to the surgical embryo transfer into the oviducts of synchronous female recipients (Day 1). Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out on Day 30 of gestation by ultrasonography. Survival after cell fusion, cell injection, and embryo transfer were compared by the χ2 test, for P < 0.05. After 16 replications, 1047 in vitro-matured oocytes obtained from 208 does were used for embryo reconstruction (Table 1). In vitro survival was higher in ZI oocytes that were injected with somatic cells than in ZI oocytes or ZF subjected to cell fusion. Pregnancy rates were similar between groups, irrespective of the cell nucleus transfer method or the presence or not of the zona pellucida, but the overall efficiency (fetal survival/recipients) was higher in the ZI-CF group. Currently, 2 ongoing pregnancies carrying 3 cloned concepti from ZI oocytes fused to somatic cells are in late gestation (>110 days). In conclusion, the cell injection method promoted higher survival and, consequently, better efficiency than cell fusion for the reconstruction of goat cloned embryos. However, the zona removal did not affect subsequent in vivo embryo development, as the transfer of zona-free embryos into the oviducts of synchronous recipients resulted in similar pregnancy rates than with zona-intact embryos.
Table 1.In vitro survival and pregnancy outcome of goat cloned embryos after embryo reconstruction and transfer to female recipients on Day-1 of development
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Savergnini SQ, Reis AM, Santos RAS, Santos PEB, Ferreira AJ, Almeida AP. Effects of short-term administration of estradiol on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats of different ages. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1248-54. [PMID: 23108785 PMCID: PMC3854225 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about age-related differences in short-term effects of estradiol on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insults. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of short-term treatment with estradiol on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated hearts of 6-7-week-old and 12-14-month-old female rats. Wistar rats were sham-operated, ovariectomized and treated with vehicle or ovariectomized and treated with 17β-estradiol (E2; 5 µg·100 g−1·day−1) for 4 days. Hearts were perfused by the Langendorff technique. Reperfusion arrhythmias, i.e., ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation, were induced by 15 min of left coronary artery ligation and 30 min of reperfusion. The duration and incidence of I/R arrhythmias were significantly higher in young rats compared to middle-aged rats (arrhythmia severity index: 9.4 ± 1.0 vs 3.0 ± 0.3 arbitrary units, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, middle-aged rats showed lower heart rate, systolic tension and coronary flow. Four-day E2 treatment caused an increase in uterine weight. Although E2 administration had no significant effect on the duration of I/R arrhythmias in middle-aged rats, it induced a marked reduction in the rhythm disturbances of young rats accompanied by a decrease in heart rate of isolated hearts. Also, this reduction was associated with an increase in QT interval. No significant changes were observed in the QT interval of middle-aged E2-treated rats. These data demonstrate that short-term estradiol treatment protects against I/R arrhythmias in hearts of young female rats. The anti-arrhythmogenic effect of estradiol might be related to a lengthening of the QT interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Savergnini
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Damasceno DD, Ferreira AJ, Doretto MC, Almeida AP. Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effects of nifedipine in rats prone to audiogenic seizures. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1060-5. [PMID: 22801414 PMCID: PMC3854160 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion participates in the regulation of neural transmission and the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters. It is also involved in epileptic events, cardiac arrhythmias and abnormal conduction of stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on epileptic seizures and on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats prone to audiogenic epileptic seizures (Wistar audiogenic rats, WAR) and in normal Wistar rats (N = 6/group). The seizure severity index was applied after an intraperitoneal injection of 20 or 40 mg/kg nifedipine (N20 and N40 groups, respectively). The Langendorff technique was used to analyze cardiac function, as well as the incidence and severity of the reperfusion arrhythmias after ligature and release of the left coronary artery in rats treated or not with nifedipine. We found that nifedipine treatment decreased seizure severity (0.94 ± 0.02 for WAR; 0.70 ± 0.10 for WAR + N20; 0.47 ± 0.08 for WAR + N40) and increased the latent period (13 ± 2 s for WAR; 35 ± 10 s for WAR + N20; 48 ± 7 s for WAR + N40) for the development of seizures in WAR. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of the reperfusion arrhythmias were lower in WAR and normal Wistar rats injected with nifedipine. In WAR, these effects were mediated, at least in part, by a decrease in heart rate. Thus, our results indicate that nifedipine may be considered to be a potential adjuvant drug for epilepsy treatment, especially in those cases associated with cardiac rhythm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Damasceno
- Departamento de Desenvolvimento Educacional, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Barbacena, MG, Brasil.
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Luz VB, Araújo VR, Duarte ABG, Celestino JJH, Silva TFP, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Chaves RN, Brito IR, Almeida AP, Campello CC, Feltrin C, Bertolini M, Santos RR, Figueiredo JR. Eight-Cell Parthenotes Originated From In Vitro Grown Sheep Preantral Follicles. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:1219-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719112446072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. B. Luz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - V. R. Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A. B. G. Duarte
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - J. J. H. Celestino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - T. F. P. Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - D. M. Magalhães-Padilha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - R. N. Chaves
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - I. R. Brito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A. P. Almeida
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - C. C. Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - C. Feltrin
- Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M. Bertolini
- Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - R. R. Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biology and Medicine of Wild Mammals from Amazonia, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - J. R. Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Schütz LF, Tavares KCS, Zago FC, Forell F, Rodrigues VHV, Aguiar LH, Santos Neto PC, Machado J, Moraes FJ, Sant'Ana Neto JB, Almeida AP, Lobo CH, Figueiredo JR, Bertolini M, Bertolini LR. 62 EXPRESSION OF KEY ENZYMES OF THE FRUCTOSE METABOLIC PATHWAY IN NEWBORN IN VITRO-DERIVED CALVES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv24n1ab62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn calves derived from IVF often have difficulties in adapting to life ex utero. Among physiological deviations, plasma fructose levels have been shown to be higher in in vitro-produced calves than in controls during the immediate neonatal period. Interestingly, as plasma fructose levels decrease, plasma lactate levels increase in the first hours of life, which may indicate a biochemical relationship between these substrates (Bertolini et al. 2004 Reproduction 128, 341–354). Fructokinase, the primary enzyme in the fructose metabolic pathway, bypasses the regulatory step catalyzed by phosphofructokinase, allowing fructose to undergo more rapid glycolysis in the liver than does glucose. However, information about the fructose metabolic pathway and fructokinase activity in the liver of neonates is lacking. This study was designed to verify the presence of gene transcripts for the 3 enzymes of the fructose pathway (fructokinase, aldolase B and triokinase) and the relative abundance of transcripts for fructokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the enzyme that links the fructose metabolic pathway with glycolysis, in the liver of in vivo- or in vitro-produced newborn calves within the first hour of life. In vivo- or in vitro-produced newborn Flemish calves derived either by superovulation (n = 5) or by IVF (n = 4), respectively, were subject to liver biopsy procedures within the first hour after birth. Tissue samples were placed in cryotubes containing RNAlater™ (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA, USA). The RNA was extracted using Trizol® reagent (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA) and 300 ng of total RNA from each sample was used for cDNA synthesis with the SuperScript® III First-Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen Corp.). Each PCR reaction used 5 μM of each specific primer to bovine fructokinase, aldolase B, triokinase and GAPDH (Table 1), 700 ng of cDNA and the PCR Master Mix (Quatro G Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil). For the quantitative PCR (qPCR), the Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was used in the iQ5 Multicolor Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Data for gene expression were normalized with the β-actin housekeeping gene, with the statistical analysis done by t-test (statistical analysis system). The PCR results indicated high fructokinase, aldolase B and triokinase expression levels in the liver of all newborn calves, irrespective of the group. Our preliminary qPCR data showed no differences in the hepatic expression levels for fructokinase (0.319 ± 0.136 vs 0.320 ± 0.179) and GAPDH (0.421 ± 0.243 vs 0.212 ± 0.147) between in vivo- and in vitro-produced calves, respectively. These data suggest that the fructose metabolic pathway is active in in vivo- and in vitro-produced newborn calves in the first hours of life. Consequently, excessive plasma fructose concentrations, as seen in some in vitro-produced calves, may affect carbohydrate metabolism, the acid-base balance and even survival during the neonatal period.
Table 1.PCR primers and Gene Bank accession numbers for genes analysed in newborn calves
Funded by the RECODISA Project, FINEP/MCT/Brazil.
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Almeida AP, Eckert SA, Bruno SC, Scalfoni JT, Giffoni B, López-Mendilaharsu M, Thomé JCA. Satellite-tracked movements of female Dermochelys coriacea from southeastern Brazil. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Araújo VR, Silva GM, Duarte ABG, Magalhães DM, Almeida AP, Gonçalves RFB, Bruno JB, Silva TFP, Campello CC, Rodrigues APR, Figueiredo JR. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A(165) (VEGF-A(165)) stimulates the in vitro development and oocyte competence of goat preantral follicles. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 346:273-81. [PMID: 21987221 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-A(165) (VEGF-A(165)) on the in vitro development of goat secondary preantral follicles. Preantral follicles (≥150 μm in diameter) were isolated from the ovaries of adult mixed-breed goats and individually cultured for 18 days in αMEM in the absence (control) or presence of VEGF-A(165) at concentrations of 10 ng/ml (VEGF10) and 100 ng/ml (VEGF100). Analyses of follicular survival, diameter, antrum formation and rate of daily growth were performed every 6 days. At the end of the culture period, morphologically normal oocytes (≥110 μm in diameter) were taken for in vitro maturation (IVM). The results demonstrated that all follicles presented oocytes and granulosa cells that were morphologically normal and after labeling with calcein-AM, high rates of oocyte viability were observed in all treatments. The follicular diameter and the growth rate achieved in the presence of VEGF10 were higher than those of the control. Both treatments with VEGF-A(165) showed higher rates of oocyte recovery for IVM when compared with the control. Moreover, only the addition of VEGF-A(165) permitted oocytes grown in vitro to reach metaphase II. Thus, the addition of VEGF-A(165) to the culture medium improves the development of goat preantral follicles cultured in vitro, allowing the production of mature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Araújo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Magalhães-Padilha DM, Duarte ABG, Araújo VR, Saraiva MVA, Almeida AP, Rodrigues GQ, Matos MHT, Campello CC, Silva JR, Gastal MO, Gastal EL, Figueiredo JR. Steady-state level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor mRNA and the effect of IGF-I on the in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles. Theriogenology 2011; 77:206-13. [PMID: 21924471 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to quantify insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1) mRNA in preantral follicles on Days 0 and 18 of in vitro culture in the presence or absence of FSH, and to evaluate the effects of IGF-I on the rate of normal follicles, antral cavity formation, and in vitro growth and maturation of caprine oocytes on Days 0, 6, 12, and 18 of culture. The expression of IGFR-1 was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR before and after follicle culture. Preantral follicles were isolated from the cortex of caprine ovaries and individually cultured for 18 d in the presence or absence of bovine IGF-I (50 or 100 ng/mL). At the end of the culture period, the oocytes were submitted to IVM. The expression of IGFR-1 mRNA in preantral follicles cultured in vitro only approached being significantly higher in follicles supplemented with FSH when compared to follicles immediately after recovery (P<0.06) and cultured without FSH (P<0.1). There was a higher (P<0.05) percentage of normal follicles on Days 6, 12, and 18 of culture in IGF-I 50 (97, 92, 67%, respectively) and IGF-I 100 (100, 90, 80%) groups versus the control (90, 64, 36%). In addition, the rate of antrum formation at 6 and 12 d of culture was higher (P<0.05) in IGF-I groups (IGF-I 50: 72 and 90% and IGF-I 100: 69 and 85%) than the control group (41 and 59%). After 18 d of culture, the percentages of grown oocytes acceptable for IVM were higher (P<0.05) in follicles cultured in the presence of IGF-I (82 vs 49%). Furthermore, follicles cultured in the presence of IGF-I 50 and IGF-I 100 had higher (P<0.05) meiotic resumption rates (63 and 66%, respectively) than the control group (11%). In conclusion, treatment with FSH tended to increase IGFR-1 mRNA expression during the in vitro culture of preantral follicles and the addition of IGF-I to the culture medium clearly improved the in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Magalhães-Padilha
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-000, CE, Brazil.
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Almeida AP, Moreira LMP, Bruno SC, Thomé JCA, Martins AS, Bolten AB, Bjorndal KA. Green turtle nesting on Trindade Island, Brazil: abundance, trends, and biometrics. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Luz VB, Santos RR, Araújo VR, Celestino JJH, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Chaves RN, Brito IR, Silva TFP, Almeida AP, Campello CC, Figueiredo JR. The Effect of LIF in the Absence or Presence of FSH on the In Vitro Development of Isolated Caprine Preantral Follicles. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:379-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lima ML, Almeida AP, Cesse E, Tadeu G, Nobre P. P1-462 Traffic accident mortality: trends, regional differences and spatial distribution in a North-Eastern State in Brazil. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976g.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Almeida AP, Saraiva MVA, Alves Filho JG, Silva GM, Gonçalves RFB, Brito IR, Silva AWB, Lima AKF, Cunha RMS, Silva JRV, Figueiredo JR. Gene Expression and Immunolocalization of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in the Ovary and Its Effect on the In Vitro Culture of Caprine Preantral Ovarian Follicles. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:20-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marcovaldi MÂ, Lopez GG, Soares LS, Lima EHSM, Thomé JCA, Almeida AP. Satellite-tracking of female loggerhead turtles highlights fidelity behavior in northeastern Brazil. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2010. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Santos RL, Almeida AP, Xavier MN, Paixão TA, Wilson RP, Dandekar S, Raffatellu M, Bäumler AJ. Enteric Pathology and Salmonella-Induced Cell Death in Healthy and SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:933-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810386468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to morphologically characterize a ligated ileal loop model of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infection in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) and to verify the occurrence of Salmonella-induced cell death in vivo. Eight adult healthy male rhesus macaques were used for ligated ileal loop surgery. Four macaques had been intravenously inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac251. Ileal ligated loops were inoculated with wild-type (WT) S. Typhimurium strain IR715 (ATCC14028 nalr), an isogenic noninvasive mutant strain (ATCC14028 nalr Δ sipAΔ sopABDE2), or sterile Luria Bertani broth. Loops were surgically removed at 2, 5, and 8 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Intestinal samples were processed for histopathology, immunohistochemistry for detecting Salmonella, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), and transmission electron microscopy. Combined histopathology scores were similar between SIV-infected and control macaques. As expected, the invasion-deficient mutant was less pathogenic than WT S. Typhimurium. Neutrophil infiltrate in the intestinal mucosa correlated with bacterial loads ( r = 0.7148; P < .0001) and fluid accumulation ( r = 0.6019; P < .0001) in the lumen of the intestinal loops. Immunolabeled WT S. Typhimurium was observed in the epithelium and lamina propria at the tip of the villi at 2 hpi, progressing toward deeper lamina propria at 5–8 hpi. Most TUNEL-positive cells localized to the lamina propria, and some had morphological features of macrophages. Ultrastructurally, bacteria were observed intracellularly in the lamina propria as well as within apoptotic bodies. This study provides morphological evidence of Salmonella-induced cell death in vivo in a relevant nonhuman primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Santos
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A. P. Almeida
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M. N. Xavier
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - T. A. Paixão
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R. P. Wilson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - S. Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - M. Raffatellu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - A. J. Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
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Souza AL, Galeati G, Almeida AP, Arruda IJ, Govoni N, Freitas VJF, Rondina D. Embryo production in superovulated goats treated with insulin before or after mating or by continuous propylene glycol supplementation. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:218-21. [PMID: 18325008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen adult and cyclic Moxoto goats were synchronized using 60 mg MPA vaginal sponge for 11 days and 50 mug cloprostenol, 48 h before sponge removal, and superovulated with 120 mg pFSH i.m. in decreasing doses at 12 h intervals for three consecutive days. In seven goats, 0.2 IU/kg BW/day of long acting insulin was subcutaneously injected at same time as pFSH, and in the other five goats, the same dose of insulin was injected for three consecutive days starting 24 h after mating. Finally, five goats were supplemented with an oral dose of 80 ml/goat/day of propylene glycol continuously during the experiment. The animals were flushed at 7 days after mating and the embryos were classified based on International Embryo Transfer Society criteria. Blood samples were collected every 3 days for insulin assay. Administration of insulin raised the insulin levels of the goats (p < 0.05), whereas in the group treated with propylene glycol, insulin rate was different only between FSH treatment and after mating (p < 0.05). Similar rates of recovery for total (80.05 +/- 9.78%) or transferable structures (61.03 +/- 15.13%) were obtained. Treatment was not influenced (p > 0.05) by responsiveness to superovulation, which averaged 64%. By contrast, insulin treatments were shown to increase the number of embryos considered excellent with respect to goats supplemented with propylene glycol (p < 0.05). When insulin was given before mating, a strong relationship (r = 0. 90) (p < 0.05) between number of transferable embryo and ovulations was observed in the animals. In conclusion, superovulated goats treated with low doses of exogenous insulin resulted in an enhancement in embryo quality, which was related to changes in circulating insulin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Souza
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Torres-Santos EC, Da Silva SAG, Costa SS, Santos APPT, Almeida AP, Rossi-Bergmann B. Toxicological analysis and effectiveness of oral Kalanchoe pinnata on a human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Phytother Res 2003; 17:801-3. [PMID: 12916081 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an extremely difficult disease to treat. Previously, it was shown that oral Kalanchoe pinnata (Kp) leaf extract is strongly effective against murine leishmaniasis. Here, it is shown that the serum levels of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), urea and alkaline phosphatase were unchanged in mice orally treated with supraoptimal Kp doses for 30 days, indicating the absence of chronic toxicity to the liver, heart or kidney. Additionally, evidence is presented that human leishmaniasis may also be controlled with oral Kp. A 36-year-old man with an active cutaneous leishmaniasis was orally treated with 30 g wet weight of Kp leaves/day for 14 days. During the Kp treatment, the lesion stopped growing and slightly decreased. No adverse reactions or toxicity was observed. This study reports for the first time that Kalanchoe pinnata contains substances potentially active and safe for the oral treatment of human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Castro KNC, Carvalho ALO, Almeida AP, Oliveira DB, Borba HR, Costa SS, Zingali RB. Preliminary in vitro studies on the Marsypianthes chamaedrys (boia-caá) extracts at fibrinoclotting induced by snake venoms. Toxicon 2003; 41:929-32. [PMID: 12782094 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Marsypianthes chamaedrys, a plant used against snakebites, in the present study was shown to inhibit fibrinoclotting induced by several Brazilian snake venoms or thrombin. These data indicate that this extract affected thrombin-like enzymes. In this first report we determine some features of the components present in the extract regarding the antifibrinoclotting action. Our results show that active components responsible for those effects are thermo-resistant and are concentrated in the methanolic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N C Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, ICB/CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
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Abstract
We evaluated the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) on post-ischemic function in isolated hearts from adult male Wistar rats perfused according to the Langendorff technique. Local ischemia was induced by coronary ligation for 15 min. After ischemia, hearts were reperfused for 30 min. Addition of angiotensin II (Ang II) (0.20 nM, N = 10) or Ang-(1-7) (0.22 nM, N = 10) to the Krebs-Ringer perfusion solution (KRS) before the occlusion did not modify diastolic or systolic tension, heart rate or coronary flow (basal values for Ang-(1-7)-treated hearts: 0.72 +/- 0.08 g, 10.50 +/- 0.66 g, 216 +/- 9 bpm, 5.78 +/- 0.60 ml/min, respectively). During the period of occlusion, the coronary flow, heart rate and systolic tension decreased (values for Ang-(1-7)-treated hearts: 2.83 +/- 0.24 ml/min, 186 +/- 7 bpm, 6.95 +/- 0.45 g, respectively). During reperfusion a further decrease in systolic tension was observed in control (4.95 +/- 0.60 g) and Ang II-treated hearts (4.35 +/- 0.62 g). However, in isolated hearts perfused with KRS containing Ang-(1-7) the further reduction of systolic tension during the reperfusion period was prevented (7.37 +/- 0.68 g). The effect of Ang-(1-7) on the systolic tension was blocked by the selective Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 (2 nM, N = 9), by the bradykinin B2 antagonist HOE 140 (100 nM, N = 10), and by indomethacin pretreatment (5 mg/kg, ip, N = 8). Pretreatment with L-NAME (30 mg/kg, ip, N = 8) did not change the effect of Ang-(1-7) on systolic tension (6.85 +/- 0.61 g). These results show that Ang-(1-7) at low concentration (0.22 nM) improves myocardial function (systolic tension) in ischemia/reperfusion through a receptor-mediated mechanism involving release of bradykinin and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ferreira
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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27
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Abstract
In this study we evaluate the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Rat hearts were perfused according to Langendorff technique and maintained in heated (37+/-1 degrees C) and continuously gassed (95% O(2)/5% CO(2)) Krebs-Ringer solution at constant pressure (65 mm Hg). The electrical activity was recorded with an ECG (bipolar). Local ischemia was induced by coronary ligation for 15 minutes. After ischemia, hearts were reperfused for 30 minutes. Cardiac arrhythmias were defined as the presence of ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation after the ligation of the coronary artery was released. Angiotensin II (0.20 nmol/L, n=10) produced a significant enhancement of reperfusion arrhythmias. On the other hand, Ang-(1-7) presented in the perfusion solution (0.22 nmol/L, n=11) reduced incidence and duration of arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmogenic effects of Ang-(1-7) was blocked by the selective Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 (2 nmol/L, n=9) and by indomethacin pretreatment (5 mg/kg IP, n=8) but not by the bradykinin B(2) antagonist HOE 140 (100 nmol/L, n=10) or by L-NAME pretreatment (30 mg/kg IP, n=8). These results suggest that the antiarrhythmogenic effect of low concentrations of Ang-(1-7) is mediated by a specific receptor and that release of endogenous prostaglandins.by Ang-(1-7) contributes to the alleviation of reversible and/or irreversible ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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28
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Sousa CA, Pinto J, Almeida AP, Ferreira C, do Rosário VE, Charlwood JD. Dogs as a favored host choice of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) of São Tomé West Africa. J Med Entomol 2001; 38:122-125. [PMID: 11268684 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The host source and human blood index (HBI) of an exophilic population of the "forest" cytoform of Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto, from a peri-urban area of the island of São Tomé were assessed. Blood meals of 434 An. gambiae females from all-night indoor light-trap collections, 193 from indoor and 422 from outdoor resting collections, were determined by ELISA. Significant differences were found in the HBI estimates from insects collected indoors (0.93) and outdoors (0.27). Blood-fed insects collected resting outdoors provided the most representative sample for host determination. Dogs were the predominant hosts, followed by humans and pigs. Of all human feeds, it was estimated that 81.5% were taken inside houses. The low HBI of 0.27 for the An. gambiae population explains the low sporozoite rate and the meso-endemicity of malaria in the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sousa
- Unidade de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Sa-Sousa P, Almeida AP, Rosa H, Vicente L, Crespo EG. Genetic and morphological relationships of the Berlenga wall lizard (Podarcis bocagei berlengensis: Lacertidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0469.2000.382129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Almeida AP, Frábregas BC, Madureira MM, Santos RJ, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RA. Angiotensin-(1-7) potentiates the coronary vasodilatatory effect of bradykinin in the isolated rat heart. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33:709-13. [PMID: 10829099 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) infusion potentiates the bradykinin (BK)-induced hypotensive response in conscious rats. The present study was conducted to identify Ang-(1-7)-BK interactions in the isolated rat heart perfused according to the Langendorff technique. Hearts were excised and perfused through the aortic stump under a constant flow with Krebs-Ringer solution and the changes in perfusion pressure and heart contractile force were recorded. Bolus injections of BK (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ng) produced a dose-dependent hypotensive effect. Ang-(1-7) added to the perfusion solution (2 ng/ml) did not change the perfusion pressure or the contractile force but doubled the hypotensive effect of the lower doses of BK. The BK-potentiating Ang-(1-7) activity was blocked by pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, ip) or L-NAME (30 mg/kg, ip). The Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 (50 ng/ml in Krebs-Ringer) completely blocked the effect of Ang-(1-7) on BK-induced vasodilation. These data suggest that the potentiation of the BK-induced vasodilation by Ang-(1-7) can be attributed to the release of nitric oxide and vasodilator prostaglandins through an Ang-(1-7) receptor-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Almeida
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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31
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Almeida AP, Da Silva SA, Souza ML, Lima LM, Rossi-Bergmann B, de Moraes VL, Costa SS. Isolation and chemical analysis of a fatty acid fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata with a potent lymphocyte suppressive activity. Planta Med 2000; 66:134-137. [PMID: 10763586 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that Kalanchoe pinnata (KP) leaf extracts inhibited in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and showed in vivo immunosuppressive activity. Here we attempt to identify the immunosuppressive substances present in KP guided by the lymphoproliferative assays. From the ethanolic extract was purified a fraction (KP12SA) twenty-fold more potent to block murine lymphocyte proliferation than the crude extract. Chemical analysis by 1H- and 13C-NMR, IR and GC-MS of KP12SA (methylated sample) showed 89.3% of palmitic acid (C16), 10.7% of stearic acid (C18) and traces of arachidic (C20) and behenic acids (C22). This study provides evidence that fatty acids present in Kalanchoe pinnata may be responsible, at least in part, for its immunosuppressive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Almeida
- Nucleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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32
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Abstract
This study shows the progression of immune responses in mice during five sequential immunizations with Anopheles stephensi mosquito extracts, characterized by ELISA, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. When exposed repeatedly to mosquito bites, control mice developed antibodies which reached titres of 1:10(5), reacted weakly in Western blot analysis and were localized to the salivary glands. Mice immunized with mosquito head plus salivary glands, midgut, ovary, fat body, midgut microvilli (Mv) and midgut basolateral plasma membrane (Blm), showed increased titre with each successive boost. Epitopes were shared between sera or were specific to the immunizing or heterologous extract. Anti-Mv and Blm sera recognized proteins labelled by anti-midgut serum and gave specific reactions with the midgut and head. Cross-reactivity was confirmed immunohistochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Almeida
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, U.K.
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33
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Almeida AP, Billingsley PF. Induced immunity against the mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae): effects on mosquito survival and fecundity. Int J Parasitol 1998; 28:1721-31. [PMID: 9846609 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice were immunised three to five times with extracts of Anopheles stephensi heads, midguts, ovaries or fat bodies. At each immunisation the effects of feeding An. stephensi on the mice was determined, and changes in mosquito longevity and fecundity examined as the immune response developed. Although variability was common between control cages, significant and consistent reductions in mosquito longevity were observed when midguts were used as immunogens. Other extracts caused transient reductions in mortality. Fecundity was reduced significantly in mosquitoes fed upon mice immunised with each extract in at least one experiment. Mosquitoes fed upon fat-body-immunised mice showed delayed egg-laying as well as overall reduction in fecundity. The results confirm the feasibility of targeting mosquito antigens for novel vaccine development, but the "shotgun" approach used probably fails to successfully hit a suitable target antigen with any consistency. The natural variation in mosquito mortality can be countered by rigorous statistical analysis which can identify subtle effects in a very "noisy" experimental system. The midgut is the obvious target organ for anti-mosquito vaccine development and future work will focus on targeting components of this tissue for further immunisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Almeida
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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34
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Neves LA, Almeida AP, Khosla MC, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RA. Effect of angiotensin-(1-7) on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:801-9. [PMID: 9292120 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that angiotensin-(1-7)(Ang-(1-7)) is an endogenous biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS). In the present study, we investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with two different media, i.e., Krebs-Ringer (2.52 mM CaCl2) and low-Ca2+ Krebs-Ringer (1.12 mM CaCl2). In hearts perfused with Krebs-Ringer, Ang-(1-7) produced a concentration-dependent (27-210 nM) reduction in coronary flow (25% reduction at highest concentration), while only slight and variable changes in contraction force and heart rate were observed. Under the same conditions, angiotensin II (Ang II; 27 and 70 nM) produced a significant reduction in coronary flow (39% and 48%, respectively) associated with a significant increase in force. A decrease in heart rate was also observed. In low-Ca2+ Krebs-Ringer solution, perfusion with Ang-(1-7) or Ang II at 27 nM concentration produced similar changes in coronary flow, contraction force and heart rate. In isolated hearts perfused with normal Krebs-Ringer, Ang-(1-7) produced a significant enhancement of reperfusion arrhythmias revealed by an increase in the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (more than 30-min duration). The facilitation of reperfusion arrhythmias by Ang-(1-7) was associated with an increase in the magnitude of the decreased force usually observed during the postischemic period. The effects of Ang-(1-7) were abolished in isolated rat hearts perfused with low-Ca2+ Krebs-Ringer. The effect of Ang II (27 nM) was similar but less pronounced than that of Ang-(1-7) at the same concentration. These results indicate that the heart is a site of action for Ang-(1-7) and suggest that this heptapeptide may be involved in the mediation of the cardiac effects of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Neves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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35
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Neves LA, Almeida AP, Khosla MC, Santos RA. Metabolism of angiotensin I in isolated rat hearts. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50:1451-9. [PMID: 7503796 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the formation of biologically active angiotensins from angiotensin I (Ang I) in isolated rat hearts was evaluated. The role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in Ang I metabolism was also investigated. HPLC analysis of heart perfusate showed that 125I-Ang I was metabolized extensively (single passage) in the rat coronary circulation in vitro leading to the formation of the biologically active angiotensins: angiotensin II (Ang II), Ang-(2-8), Ang-(3-8) and Ang-(1-7). Ang II was the major product identified in HPLC fractions, corresponding to 7.8 +/- 0.89% of the total radioactivity recovered. A similar profile was observed when single-passage metabolism of non-isotopic Ang I was evaluated by HPLC, followed by radioimmunoassay of the eluate fractions. When 125I-Ang I was perfused in the presence of ACE inhibitors (enalaprilat, ramiprilat) in concentrations up to 130 microM, the formation of Ang II was only partially inhibited (approximately 50%). A similar tendency was observed for Ang-(2-8), Ang-(3-8) and Ang-(2-7). The formation of Ang-(1-7) and its related fragments Ang-(3-7) and Ang-(4-7) was not changed significantly by ACE inhibitors, although a slight increase in formation of these fragments was observed. No significant changes were observed for the carboxyl-terminal fragments of Ang I: Ang-(2-10), Ang-(3-10), and Ang-(4-10). The fractional metabolism of Ang I was not modified by ACE inhibition. These findings suggest that biologically active angiotensins can be formed from Ang I in the rat coronary circulation. These locally generated peptides may contribute to the actions of the renin-angiotensin system in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Neves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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36
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Drumond YA, Couto AS, Moraes-Santos T, Almeida AP, Freire-Maia L. Effects of toxin Ts-gamma and tityustoxin purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on isolated rat atria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1995; 111:183-90. [PMID: 8521241 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(95)00026-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of toxin Ts-gamma and tityustoxin purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom were investigated on isolated rat atria. Rat atria were placed in an organ bath containing Krebs-Ringer solution, 30 degrees C, pH 7.4, and bubbled with a gas mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The atrial rate and contractile force were simultaneously recorded. Addition of toxin Ts-gamma to the bath (0.14 microM) evoked an initial reduction of both atrial rate and contractile force, followed by a small increase in force and a decrease in rate, and finally a long reduction of rate and force. Addition of an identical dose of Ts-gamma 30 or 60 min later did not evoke any effect. Addition of tityustoxin to the bath (0.14 microM) induced an increase of atrial rate and force. Addition of an identical dose of tityustoxin 30 min later evoked similar effects. The negative chronotropic and inotropic effects induced by Ts-gamma were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 microM) or atropine (1.5 microM), whereas the positive effects observed in the presence of atropine were prevented by TTX (1 microM) or alprenolol (10 microM). The negative chronotropic effect of 0.14 microM tityustoxin was only observed in the presence of physostigmine (0.3 microM). This negative effect was abolished by TTX (1 microM) or atropine (1.5 microM). The positive inotropic effect of tityustoxin was decreased by TTX (1 microM and 10 microM), but was totally prevented by guanethidine (10 microM) or alprenolol (10 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Drumond
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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37
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Almeida AP, Bechara GH, Varma RM. Cross-reactivity between hard tick antigens. Braz J Med Biol Res 1994; 27:697-707. [PMID: 8081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The present study was carried out to determine the target cells and tissues for anti-tick immunoglobulins using an indirect immunohistochemical technique. 2. Sections in triplicate prepared from unfed ticks Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. evertsi and Amblyomma variegatum were used to assess the cross-reactivity of serum from guinea pigs naturally infested with these tick species or immunized against them. 3. The sections showed slight (+) to strong ( +) labelling of several structures in the tick body, e.g. salivary gland, gut lumen and malpighian tubules, depending on the serum used. 4. The immune serum resulting from the immunization of guinea pigs with an extract of unfed nymphs of R. appendiculatus ticks showed the most intense cross-reactivity with the sections examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Almeida
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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38
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Goes S, Freire-Maia L, Almeida AP. Effects of anesthetics on the incidence and duration of reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat heart. Braz J Med Biol Res 1993; 26:1091-5. [PMID: 8312841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of anesthetics on reperfusion arrhythmias. Male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were injected ip with heparin (200 IU), followed by anesthesia with thiopental (40 mg/kg), pentobarbital (30 mg/kg), urethane (1.2 g/kg), either, or halothane and sacrificed by decapitation. The isolated heart (5 to 8 per group) was perfused with Locke solution by the Langendorff method and the left coronary artery was ligated for 10 min. The incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias (100%) was similar in hearts of control and previously anesthetized rats, but the duration of the arrhythmias was significantly increased by anesthesia (5-fold with thiopental, 15-fold with pentobarbital, ether and halothane, and 30-fold with urethane). In hearts taken from unanesthetized rats and perfused with Locke solution containing anesthetics (5-7 per group), the duration of reperfusion arrhythmias decreased with thiopental (0.23 +/- 0.15 min), did not change with pentobarbital (1.14 +/- 0.26 min) and increased with urethane (16.10 +/- 5.60 min). Our results show that anesthetics alter the duration of reperfusion arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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39
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Couto AS, Moraes-Santos T, Azevedo AD, Almeida AP, Freire-Maia L. Effects of toxin Ts-gamma, purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, on the isolated rat atria. Toxicon 1992; 30:339-43. [PMID: 1326797 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(92)90874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
By using a pair of silver/silver-chloride electrodes it was possible to record, simultaneously, the atrial electrogram and the atrial contractile force of rat atria, in an organ bath, containing Krebs-Ringer solution (30 degrees C, pH 7.4, bubbled with 95% O2 and 5% CO2). Addition of toxin Ts-gamma, purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, into the bath (1 microgram/ml), evoked complex effects characterized by an initial reduction of both rate and contractile force, followed by increase of force and reduction of rate and finally by reduction of both rate and force. The increase of contractile force was prevented by metoprolol and is, therefore, adrenergic in nature. The reduction of rate was concomitant with changes in the atrial electrogram in which a positive P wave was replaced by a diphasic P wave, while the positive Ta wave was depressed. Experiments with tetrodotoxin, atropine and physostigmine indicate that these effects are due to the release of acetylcholine from vagal endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Couto
- Departamentos de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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40
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Abstract
The effects of crotoxin, isolated from the venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, were investigated on isolated guinea pig hearts, perfused with Locke solution, by the Langendorff method. The cardiac beats and the electrocardiogram were simultaneously registered and the creatine kinase (CK) activity of the perfusate measured. Crotoxin was infused (4.5 x 10(-8) M and 2.3 x 10(-7) M) into the heart during 90 min, and induced a remarkable decrease in the contractile force, without a significant reduction of heart rate, increased the P-R interval and displaced the S-T segment. The activity of CK only increased in the late phases of the experiments, when the force of contraction was below 25% of the control value. Arrhythmias were uncommon and no alterations of QRS duration or Q-Tc interval were observed. The reduction of the contractile force and the increase in CK activity were completely prevented by bovine serum albumin, whereas lanatoside C did not interfere with the toxin action. A bolus injection of crotoxin (11 +/- 2 nmoles) also induced a decrease of contractile force without reduction of heart rate. This decrease of force was partially prevented by indomethacin, but not by atropine. It is suggested that the reduction of contractile force evoked by crotoxin is due probably to release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids (initial effect) and to a cellular lesion (late effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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41
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Almeida AP. Superovulation in cattle: A combined treatment using syncromate B with either pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin or follicle stimulating hormone. Theriogenology 1987; 27:329-35. [PMID: 16726238 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(87)90221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1986] [Accepted: 12/02/1986] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A comparison between different superovulatory treatments in dairy cattle was carried out at a commercial embryo transfer unit in Israel. Both pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were used, either alone or combined with Syncromate B (SMB). The use of PMSG + SMB significantly decreased the number of corpora lutea present at the time of embryo collection 7 d after insemination, as compared with other treatment regimens. Consequently, a significantly lower number of ova was found in those animals treated with PMSG + SMB. Better superovulatory responses were obtained when FSH, rather than PMSG, was used, regardless of whether they were administered alone or combined with SMB. It was clear that the use of SMB combined either with PMSG or FSH resulted in poorer responses than when either gonadotrophin was used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Almeida
- G & G Livestock Ltd. Bat Shlomo 30992 Israel
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Lo TN, Almeida AP, Beaven MA. Effect of indomethacin on generation of chemotactic activity in inflammatory exudates induced by carrageenan. Eur J Pharmacol 1984; 99:31-43. [PMID: 6373311 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotactic activity of protein origin was demonstrated in carrageenan-induced pleural exudates by the chemotactic response of neutrophils in the modified Boyden chamber. The activity was partly neutralized by monospecific antisera to complement component 5 and was destroyed by trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment but it differed from that in rat serum or plasma in that it was stable for 30 min at 56 degrees C. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) reduced equally protein content (56%) and total chemotactic activity (58%); i.e., chemotactic activity/mg of exudate protein was unchanged. Intrapleural injection of autologous or homologous serum also induced an infiltration of neutrophils; the protein content of the pleural fluid decreased by 60-70% in 4 h, whereas with carrageenan there was a progressive increase in exudate protein. When serum was injected in two doses to maintain protein levels comparable to those found following carrageenan injection, the number of neutrophils in the exudates was also comparable. In contrast to carrageenan, the response to serum was not inhibited by indomethacin. From these and other data we suggest that the exudate chemotactic activity is generated from plasma protein and that indomethacin acts primarily to reduce extravasation of plasma and consequently generation of chemotactic activity.
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Lo TN, Almeida AP, Beaven MA. Dextran and carrageenan evoke different inflammatory responses in rat with respect to composition of infiltrates and effect of indomethacin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982; 221:261-7. [PMID: 6174730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of the anti-inflammatory reaction after the injection of dextrans (60 mg) of various molecular weights (10,000-2,000,000) or carrageenan (0.5 mg) into the rat pleural cavity revealed two types of response. The dextrans induced within 30 min partial degranulation of mast cells and a rapid accumulation of fluid with little protein and a few neutrophils. This response was not suppressed by treatment with indomethacin. Carrageenan, in contrast, caused no mast cell degranulation, histamine release or early edema, but a progressive accumulation of a protein-rich exudate which contained large numbers of neutrophils. This response was inhibited by indomethacin. A commercial variety of dextran (mw 250,000) produced both types of response in which a rapid infiltration of protein-free fluid into the pleural cavity was followed by the appearance of protein and numerous neutrophils. The major plasma proteins were identified in exudates collected 4 hr after the injection of either carrageenan and the commercial dextran; in both cases, the numbers of neutrophils were related to the protein content of the exudate. The data suggest that inflammatory infiltrates may be formed through two distinct mechanisms: one associated with transudation of protein-free fluids, the other to exudation of plasma proteins and neutrophils. There are indications that these responses may involve different mediators.
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Abstract
To study the cardiac effects induced by purified scorpion toxin (tityustoxin, TsTX), without circulatory and respiratory influences, isolated guinea pig hearts were used. Single injections of 10, 20 or 30 micrograms TsTX induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects in the majority of the experiments. The inotropic effects were dose-dependent. Simultaneous recording of the electrical activity of the heart showed sinus tachycardia, T wave inversion and ST segment deviations. Sinus bradycardia and/or A-V block were recorded in some experiments, simultaneously with the positive inotropic effects. After these initial events, the larger dose of TsTX elicited periodic changes of heart rate (in 70% of the experiments) which were explained by wandering pacemakers. During these periodic changes in heart rate, the electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia, idioventricular rhythm, complete or partial A-V block, sinus tachycardia, sinus arrest and junctional rhythm. The coronary flow varied inversely with the inotropism and the cardiac rate, but the changes in flow were related mainly to the inotropism. The effects of TsTX on the electrocardiogram, inotropism and coronary flow spontaneously disappeared 15-20 min after toxin injection. The arrhythmias induced by TsTX were blocked either by propranolol or by atropine and are assumed to be due to the release of catecholamines and acetylcholine from postganglionic nerve fibers in the heart.
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Bayer BM, Almeida AP, Beaven MA. Inhibition of the expression of the "A" system of amino acid transport by anti-inflammatory drugs during cell culture growth and mitogenic stimulation of thymus lymphocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1981; 219:752-9. [PMID: 6975370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha-Methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake is mediated by two components in a variety of cell culture lines as well as in freshly isolated thymus lymphocytes. In all cell types, one component of uptake had characteristics similar to that of the "A" system and was selectively inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Detailed studies with indomethacin showed that, in the presence of drug, a marked decrease in Vmax occurred with no impairment in the apparent affinity (Km) of the uptake system for either the amino acid or Na+ ion. Upon removal of drug, the capacity (Vmax) of the cell lines to take up amino acid recovered over the course of 6 hr. It is postulated that this time course may be related to a change in the number of functional carriers in the cell membrane. Marked increases in the rate of alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake by the Na+-dependent component were observed during exponential growth of cell cultures and in thymus lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A or amino acid deprivation. Irrespective of the cell type or mechanism of stimulation, indomethacin either blocked or partially suppressed this increase. Suppression of the Na+-dependent component of alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake was also evident in lymphocytes from indomethacin-treated rats. Selective inhibition of the A system before DNA synthesis may be one mechanism by which the anti-inflammatory drugs exert their in vitro cytostatic and in vivo immunosuppressive action
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Abstract
Measurement of histamine and its metabolizing enzymes in a variety of chordate species indicated that histamine and histamine methyltransferase were present in brain of all vertebrate species with a recognizable brain structure. Diamine oxidase was absent in mammalian brain but was present in brain of lower vertebrates. Histamine levels were especially high in amphibia and fish brains, in which the phylogenetically newer parts of the brain were less well-developed. In the spiny dogfish (as in mammals), brain histamine levels were highest in the midbrain regions. In contrast to brain, histamine levels were low in muscle, skin and intestine of all aquatic species.
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Almeida AP, Bayer BM, Horakova Z, Beaven MA. Influence of indomethacin and other anti-inflammatory drugs on mobilization and production of neutrophils: studies with carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980; 214:74-9. [PMID: 7391973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrapleural injection of carrageenan in the rat, after a delay of 90 min, resulted in the accumulation of 100 to 300 million neutrophils in the pleural cavity, a 6-fold increase in the numbers of circulating neutrophils and the mobilization of large numbers of neutrophils from bone marrow. Thymidine labeling of bone marrow cells showed that neutrophils underwent a period of maturation (2--3 days) before release into the circulation and accumulation in the pleural cavity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the accumulation of white cells and fluid. Indomethacin, the most potent of the drugs tested, was equally effective whether given 30 min before or 90 min after carrageenan. This drug had no significant effect on the production or number of white cells in bone marrow, spleen or thymus. In contrast, methotrexate suppressed the inflammatory reaction only after prolonged treatment had produced almost complete depletion of cells in bone marrow and dexamethasone could be given in doses that largely depleted thymus and spleen of their white cells but which had little effect on neutrophil accumulation. It is concluded that neutrophils were mobilized from stores of mature cells in bone marrow and that indomethacin suppressed mobilization of these cells without impairing normal white cell homeostasis.
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Abstract
The injection of carrageenan into the rat pleural cavity provoked an intense inflammatory reaction with the formation of an exudate which contained mainly neutrophils but which was also rich in mast cells and histamine. There was, however, no evidence that histamine participated in the reaction. The mast cells remained intact, and no increase in extracellular histamine levels was observed. Prior treatment with bot H1 and H2 histimine receptor antagonists or depletion of the histamine stores by pretreatment with compound 48/80 did not alter the reaction. In contrast, the exudate formed in response to the intrapleural injection of small doses (0.05 mg/kg) of compound 48/80 was reduced by pretreatment with the antihistamine compounds and, unlike the exudate formed after carrageenan injection, was devoid of neutrophils. Since saline washes of the pleural cavity of untreated rats had histamine and mast cell contents similar to those of the exudates of the carrageenan-treated rats, the source of histamine appeared to be mast cells from the pleural cavity.
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Almeida AP, Flye W, Deveraux D, Horakova Z, Beaven MA. Distribution of histamine and histaminase (diamine oxidase)d in blood of various species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol 1980; 67C:187-90. [PMID: 6108183 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(80)90014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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