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EuroSurg Collaborative, Chapman SJ, Clerc D, Blanco-Colino R, Otto A, Nepogodiev D, Pagano G, Schaeff V, Soares A, Zaffaroni G, Žebrák R, Hodson J, Blanco-Colino R, Chapman SJ, Glasbey JC, Pata P, Pellino G, Sgrò A, Soares A, Elst T, Van Straten S, Knowles CH, Nepogodiev D, Hodson J, Borakati A, Bath MF, Yasin IH, Mclean K, Arthur T, Kovacevic M, Delibegovic S, Karamanliev M, Swamad M, Žebrák R, Paramasivam R, Martensen A, Larsen HM, Rädeker L, Frey PE, Kechagias A, Venara A, Duchalais E, Ioannidis A, Pata F, Pellino G, Pasquali S, Sgrò A, Simioni A, Farina V, Podda M, Lorenzon L, ItSURG, Schaeff V, Otto A, Jakubauskas M, Elst TR, Chu M, Fagan PVB, Wells CI, Alagoa João A, Soares A, Juloski J, Clerc D, Ciubotaru C, Popescu S, Yanishev A, Lee S, Ozkan BB, Yagız Sen A, Aktas MK, Baki BE, Yüksek B, Glasbey JC, Kamarajah S, Mclean K, Borakati A, Yasin IH, Khaw RA, Mills E, Goodson R, Thakral N, STARSurg Collaborative, Ablett AD, Adra M, Kwek I, Khan SM, Quinn P, Manley LR, Badran A, Ramjeeawon A, Campbell A, Tan HL, Rye DS, Rajaraman N, Norman JG, Vutipongsatorn K, Solomou G, Akhbari M, Ali A, Murray V, et alEuroSurg Collaborative, Chapman SJ, Clerc D, Blanco-Colino R, Otto A, Nepogodiev D, Pagano G, Schaeff V, Soares A, Zaffaroni G, Žebrák R, Hodson J, Blanco-Colino R, Chapman SJ, Glasbey JC, Pata P, Pellino G, Sgrò A, Soares A, Elst T, Van Straten S, Knowles CH, Nepogodiev D, Hodson J, Borakati A, Bath MF, Yasin IH, Mclean K, Arthur T, Kovacevic M, Delibegovic S, Karamanliev M, Swamad M, Žebrák R, Paramasivam R, Martensen A, Larsen HM, Rädeker L, Frey PE, Kechagias A, Venara A, Duchalais E, Ioannidis A, Pata F, Pellino G, Pasquali S, Sgrò A, Simioni A, Farina V, Podda M, Lorenzon L, ItSURG, Schaeff V, Otto A, Jakubauskas M, Elst TR, Chu M, Fagan PVB, Wells CI, Alagoa João A, Soares A, Juloski J, Clerc D, Ciubotaru C, Popescu S, Yanishev A, Lee S, Ozkan BB, Yagız Sen A, Aktas MK, Baki BE, Yüksek B, Glasbey JC, Kamarajah S, Mclean K, Borakati A, Yasin IH, Khaw RA, Mills E, Goodson R, Thakral N, STARSurg Collaborative, Ablett AD, Adra M, Kwek I, Khan SM, Quinn P, Manley LR, Badran A, Ramjeeawon A, Campbell A, Tan HL, Rye DS, Rajaraman N, Norman JG, Vutipongsatorn K, Solomou G, Akhbari M, Ali A, Murray V, Baker DM, Brandao BD, Stainer B, Thavayogan R, Jones D, Onafowokan OO, Gharooni A, Dabab N, Carlton-Carew S, Kungwengwe G, Gabriel M, Sewart E, Shortland TC, Lawday S, Pockney P, Dawson A, Arthur T, Brumfitt CD, Stewart P, Ng B, Luong JK, Delibegovic S, Ivanov V, Borisova A, Neykov V, Kunčarová K, Kološová B, Antonova T, Farkašová M, Žebrák R, Harbjerg JL, Brandsborg S, Brinck S, Kjaer MD, Mark-Christensen A, Unbehaun KP, Dalsgaard P, Lycke KD, Kechagias A, LeNaoures P, Duchalais E, Brigand C, Dumange E, Gout M, Moehwald C, Prem M, Alhalabi O, Sliwinski S, Krupp J, Gablenz E, Schmitzer L, Kopp A, Steinle J, Gsenger J, Pohl LJ, Riccardi M, Christodoulou IM, Konstantinidis M, Machairas N, Zoikas A, Balalis D, Manatakis DK, Aguilera ML, Sgrò A, Simioni A, Marano L, Fleres F, Lovisetto F, Sasia D, Segalini E, Pata G, Lucchi A, Sagnotta A, Campagnaro T, Petrelli F, Gallo G, Papandrea M, Testa V, Sinibaldi G, Di Candido F, Colombo F, Perrone G, Aresu S, Biancafarina A, Canonico G, Pagnanelli M, Curletti G, Bini R, Manzoni Garberini A, Impellizzeri H, Cillara N, Tutino R, Picciariello A, Coletta D, Savino G, Ferrara F, Tamini N, Talamo G, Parini D, Giamundo P, lo Conte A, Pagano G, Ripetti V, Pesce A, Menduni N, Pellino G, Giudicissi R, Podda M, Goldin E, Rega D, Belli A, Andriola V, Gordini L, Pata F, Foppa C, Piccolo G, Birindelli A, Ferrari C, Ballarini Z, Tirelli F, Milone M, De Rosa M, Pipitone Federico NS, Molteni B, Tilocca PL, Sancini G, Piozzi GN, Lauretta A, Poillucci G, Mulas S, Schaeff V, Otto A, Jakubauskas M, Simcikas D, Portelli L, Wijnbergen JWM, Dinger TL, Doesschate SFH, Dalen ASHM, Bos DD, Hansmann M, Medina Feliz J, Kuiper SZ, Abdulrahman Z, Pruijssers SR, Farik S, Elliott BM, Geneta VP, Chu M, Wilton S, Kandelaki H, Peng SL, Campbell S, Lim YK, Yassaie SS, Murray M, Fagan PVB, Haran C, Tan J, Castro J, Laranjeira A, Catarino S, Neves-Marques C, Correia JG, Vieira BN, Quintela AC, Serra ML, Maciel J, Cunha M, Aparício DJ, Neves J, Azevedo J, Romano M, Eiró F, Romano J, Monteiro C, Claro M, Almeida MR, Peyroteo M, Machado ND, Capote H, Ferreira M, Sousa X, Devesa H, Cavadas D, Guerreiro I, Costa M, Salman M, English C, Mohammed N, Popescu S, Yanishev A, Litvin A, Ćuk VV, Mészárosová K, Van Straten S, Jaich R, De Lima H, Brooks S, Marx M, Nshalati Salvation M, Clerc D, Blaser B, Piazza G, Gagliardi B, Serin H, Yagız Sen A, Yurdaor SS, Aktas MK, Arslan E, Kopac O, Uyanik A, Ozmen BB, Tiftik E, Aksoy B, Yalcinkaya A, Ozoglu F, Kocer MD, Bilicen G, Cinar EN, Uslu Ö, Kaya Y, Wong J, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Suresh G, Asif A, Finch BJ, Bhahirathan Y, Herron J, Yi Tew Z, Obukofe R, Russell C, Suchett-Kay I, Netke T, Williams L, Kisiel A, Liu FY, Claireaux H, James P, Mondal A, Kalderon R, Nadama HH, Al-Saraff Z, Tam JPH, Powell-Chandler A, Wood F, Campbell A, Gorgievska R, Ragavoodoo A, Thakrar C, Rojoa D, Palmer C, Davidson K, Giacci L, Hale J, Gan FW, Makin-Taylor R, Hey CY, Toh C, Findlay JM, Griffiths N, Ganesananthan S, Jasionowska S, Poustie M, Wong C, Turner T, Pyc W, Sloper W, Warner C, Coey J, Mason D, Sait S, Kowal M, Shortland TC, Owen M, Saiyed A, Ashworth I, Akbari K, Curran M, Martin P, Parker D, Dawson A, Kwok K, Lye C, Pockney P, Ghaly M, Sammour T, Lewis D, Mundasad R, Wilkes A, Ctercteko G, Stewart P, Delibegovic S, Maslyankov S, Dimov R, Iliev S, Dimitrov D, Marek F, Örhalmi J, Skalický P, Skalický T, Chrz K, Christensen P, Worsøe J, Kristensen ES, Emmertsen KJ, Loeve US, Duchalais E, Mihaljevic AL, Herrle F, Konstantinidis KM, Manatakis DK, Korkolis D, Karanikas I, Aguilera ML, Vincenti L, Anania G, Borghi F, Agresta F, Maretto I, Parisi A, Bucci L, De Palma G, Guglielmi A, Cucinotta E, La Torre F, Cianchi F, Guerrieri M, Lauretta A, Trompetto M, Persiani R, Micheletto G, Rega D, Belli A, Cantafio S, Lovisetto F, Ronconi M, Bisagni PAG, De Prizio M, Tamini N, Sinibaldi G, Franceschi A, Galleano R, Cavallini M, Brescia A, D'Ambra L, Benevento A, Niolu P, Calgaro M, Colangelo E, Grottola T, Altomare DF, Puleo S, Salamone G, Pietrabissa A, Poggioli G, Ripetti V, Erdas E, Ottonello R, Canonico G, Tonini V, Selvaggi F, Sammarco G, Ceccarelli G, De Nisco C, Surgo D, Taglietti L, Ozolins A, Sivinš A, Poskus T, Psaila J, Bemelman WA, Graat LJ, Langenhoff B, Wijnhoven BPL, Ven AHW, Poelman M, Stassen LPS, Slooter G, Acherman YIZ, Hoff C, Gerhards MF, Stommel MWJ, Hazebroek EJ, Geloven AAW, Schasfoort RA, Leeuwen BL, Tuynman JB, Tilburg MWA, Boerma EG, Sharma P, Jenkins B, Bissett IP, Peng SL, Herd A, Gordon A, Vernon D, Omundsen M, Ly J, Reddy A, Bonnet G, Harmston C, Morales M, Francisco V, Costa S, Manso A, Amorim E, Pereira J, Cardoso J, Ourô S, Caratão M, Nascimento C, Ribeiro da Silva B, Taranu V, Dias R, Devesa H, Mendes J, Allen M, Silva A, Carlos S, Barbosa E, Carneiro C, Ramos L, Maciel J, Lencastre L, Martins R, Silva-Vaz P, Ridgway PF, McNamara DA, Cahill R, Hogan A, Larkin J, O'Connell PR, Negoi I, Abelevich A, Ćuk VM, Vician M, Ede C, Sardiwalla I, Mulira S, Montwedi D, Oyomno M, Hübner M, Petermann D, Sauvain MO, Ozben V, Geçim IE, Disçi E, Rencuzogullari A, Kurt A, Bisgin T, Pehlivan M, Isik A, Onur E, Leventoglu S, Haksal MC, Erturk MS, Keskin M, Guner A, Tutcu Sahin S, Ozbalci GS, Pergel A, Albayrak D, Bruce D, Fearnhead N, Arthur J, Harron M, Beattie G, Titu L, Ali A, Saunders M, Phillips J, Dindyal S, Cresswell B, Gercek Y, Lee J, Linn T, Faulkner G, Lockwood S, Rees J, Charalabopoulos A, Campbell B, Kontovounisios C, Amarnath T, Johnson M, Epanomeritakis E, Vigs S, Nastro P, Gilliam A, Smolarek S, Wilson T, Orbell J, McIntyre R, Agarwal T, Hainsworth P, Patel P, Vijay J, Liu B, Dhruva Rao P, Roxburgh C, Vipond M, Youssef H, Thorn C, Schizas A, Denley S, Bowley D, Das K, Cuming T, Saha A, Chung L, Pitt J, Davis P, Jones O, Taylor M, Bhargava A, Haji A, Watson N, Bloom I, Singh B, Norwood M, Gurjar S, Stylianides N, Mirza S, Evans M, Williams G, Patil P, Hernon J, Finch G, Green S, Chapple K, Fafemi O, Warusavitarne J, Samee A, Carden C, Ong L, Verma K, Joseph A, Rawat N, Pinkney T, Oke O, Glen P, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Oliphant R, Garner J, Moug SJ, Middleton S, Lund JN, Smart NJ, Osborn G, Moore T, Raymond T, Knowles CH, Hany TS, Clarke R, Khera G, Brady R, Sellahewa C, Mason C, Torrance A, Lasithiotakis K, Knight J, Pullybank A, Ainsworth P, Reid F, Ramwell A, Maslekar S, George R, Skull A, Holtham S, Muhammad K, Lal R, Varcada M, Smith FM, Howlader M, Defriend D, Kirk S, Richards T, Evans C, Borg C, Telford K, Sarfraz N, Busby K, Hollingshead J, Speake D, Pawa N, West D, Chadwick M, Komolafe O, Richardson S, Thornton M, Goede A, Osborne C, Bandyopadhyay D, Foong J, Lee YJ, Liebenberg P, Mijalkov D, Wells A, Bull N, Ajmera A, Warburton T, Morgan S, Mahmoud A, Schachtel M, Mikhail B, Fomin I, Mekaeil B, Taylor N, Stevenson C, Drane A, Pahalawatta U, Lai LT, Debiasio A, Wong J, Jun HJS, Hengpoonthana R, Mendis DM, Robb PM, Lee HJ, Wyche AAB, Davis LT, Lee HJ, Chrimes A, Agarwal A, Zhao J, Williams S, Jayalath JMSN, Liebenberg P, Khor S, Muddasani T, Childs S, Ridgway S, Blefari NDA, Tam H, Puchalski N, Ngai C, Mackenzie J, Johnson N, Holmes M, Zuzek R, Saluja T, Gould T, Goh YK, Selvaraj T, Brumfitt CD, Beh YZ, Dudi-Venkata NN, Horne D, Borrow JL, Campbell C, Cousins G, Jackson L, Maheepala K, Zhao S, Holden E, Tutt L, Thompson B, Collins H, Louie F, Buckland B, Smith D, Chong C, Chua TH, Nayak C, Redmond J, Tan RR, Gramlick M, Teh JS, Ng SY, Britten-Jones P, Mohd Rosli R, Pham HDV, Jegathees T, Coulter-Nile SMCJ, Gosselink MP, Luong JK, Wang YL, Maciaszek M, Chrapko PS, Nair A, Thirugnanasundralingam V, Muir K, Salibasic M, Pavlov V, Paycheva T, Borisova A, Lyulenina E, Kolev N, Ivanov V, Nguen D, Mitkov Y, Mitkov E, Vladova P, Dimitrov V, Hussain M, Gabarski A, Ivanov T, Yotsov T, Ilieva I, Karamanliev M, Akisheva A, Shoshkova M, Nawaz E, Feradova H, Mladenov T, Neykov V, Jozaf V, Farkašová M, Klail T, Pös M, Adel A, Sotona O, Bartoš M, Amjad T, Malý O, Berec S, Hanušová M, Hurný M, Riško J, Ludvik M, Stercz M, Treskoň R, Pospíšil M, Hlaváčová L, Kunčarová K, Tomanová D, Chodora S, Houdek O, Novický R, Antonova T, Sobotková K, Cha S, šuta Kimle K, Jirankova K, Bujda M, Paclík A, Trap A, Jürgens-Lahnstein J, Storm M, Dalsgaard P, Damgaard I, Olawi F, Ehlem F, Raos M, Kristensen FP, Lycke KD, Bønnerup K, Unbehaun KP, Kjaer MD, Brandsborg S, Amiri S, Enevoldsen M, Harbjerg JL, Højgaard Pedersen J, Jepsen BN, Hillgaard TK, Erichsen SB, Nielsen CV, Madsen CP, Bjerke J, Skejø CD, Aabling RR, Sørensen JS, Mark-Christensen A, Kechagias A, Turunen A, Katunin J, Niskakangas M, Vignaud T, Frey S, Ricolleau C, Chanut F, Magnin J, Gout M, Seiboldt T, Beck L, Pohl LJ, Zamzow K, Betge F, Poncelet A, Truant M, Hauschild H, Neugebauer N, Schöning L, Simon SCS, Galata C, Karampinis I, Thäwel T, Seckler AM, Kerem C, Durdevic S, Ioannidis A, Antonakopoulos F, Konstantinidis M, Mathioulaki A, Chrysoheris P, Athanasopoulos PG, Kalles V, Spyrou I, Barkolias C, Paspala A, Machairas N, Papaconstantinou D, Spartalis E, Arkadopoulos N, Prodromidou A, Garoufalia Z, Balalis D, Zoikas A, Christodoulou IM, Mendez D, Rosales J, Flores M, Garcia M, Garcia A, Garcia M, Noriega Z, Torselli D, Aguilera ML, Rodriguez J, Lafranceschina S, Artioli E, Giaccari S, Nevoso V, Schimera A, Marino S, Geretto P, Pellegrino L, Borghi B, Sasia D, Marano A, Corino C, Cannata G, Giuffrida MC, Landra F, Pata G, Ongaro D, Baronio G, Raimondo S, Casiraghi S, Salvadori R, Savino G, Finotti E, Ciccioli E, Galgano A, Zuin M, Simioni A, Bettella A, Barina A, Vendramin E, Palano G, Schiavone D, Di Cintio A, Gemini A, Trastulli S, De Luca M, Sagnotta A, Desiderio J, Gubbiotti F, Cigognini M, Zaffaroni G, Maffioli A, Colombo S, Bondurri A, Sampietro G, Foschi D, Colombo F, Manigrasso M, Danzi M, Amato R, Anastasio L, Mastella F, Basile R, Peltrini R, Marra E, Luglio G, Pagano G, Giglio M, Manigrasso M, Anoldo P, Vertaldi S, Grimaldi L, Tammaro N, Pedrazzani C, Campagnaro T, Turri G, Lazzarini E, Conti C, Vulcano I, Bertilone E, Pintabona G, Viscosi F, Cerasari S, Galiffa G, Lapolla P, Coletta D, Del Basso C, Cirillo B, De Toma G, Fazzi K, Bini S, Coratti F, Montanelli P, Grandi S, Nelli T, Ben Khaled N, Cammelli F, Ferrini E, Billo ME, Tilocca PL, Marrosu AG, Scognamillo F, Pala C, Attene F, Carboni L, Ruggiu MW, Gabbas G, Marziali I, Mazzocato S, Petrelli F, Vergari R, Piazzai F, Kubolli I, Aggiusti A, Paolucci A, Ortenzi M, Olivieri M, Belluco C, Antona AD, Basso S, Morino M, Mistrangelo M, Testa V, Gallo G, Clerico G, De Santi G, Bitonti MF, Trompetto M, Pipitone Federico NS, Frattalone M, Tirelli F, Fico V, Santullo F, Belia F, Spinelli A, Marco M, Di Candido F, Bevilacqua M, Tringali D, Bevilacqua E, Panizzo V, Piozzi GN, La Manna V, Migliore G, Aversano A, Fares Bucci A, Marino F, Carbone F, Incollingo P, Romano FM, Giudicissi R, Zalla T, Baraghini M, Romoli L, Calussi M, Vellei S, Genzano C, Feroci F, Vita M, Barberis A, Serra D, Lucchi A, Grassia M, Romelli M, Ruggiero S, Percassi A, Ferrari C, Molteni B, Magri Piccinini A, Segalini E, Monti M, Magnoli M, Romano S, Gaetano P, Pilotta F, Baldassarre L, Perrone G, Bonati E, Aresu S, Saba A, Moretto G, Bacchion M, Impellizzeri H, Casaril A, Inama M, Creciun M, Ferrara F, Stella M, Gobatti D, Biancafarina A, Angelini M, Andolfi E, Miranda E, Scricciolo M, Provenza G, Cavallina G, Frezza B, Fontani A, Malatesti R, Pellicanò GA, Podda M, Anania M, Pulighe F, Cruccu A, Murru ML, Massaiu C, Balestra F, Pazzona M, De Nisco C, Giannella A, Santangelo M, Olivieri M, Frangella F, Magagnano D, Liberatore P, Brenna R, Giani A, Tirotta F, Famularo S, Angrisani M, Ceresoli M, De Rosa M, Rondelli F, Ceccarelli G, Angelucci GP, Scaramuzzo R, Larcinese A, Fioriti C, Picone E, Nardi M, Marano L, Castagnoli G, Bartoli A, Bellochi R, Spaziani A, Conti D, Poponesi V, Trippetti M, Amicucci S, Tazza G, Procacci P, Giovannini F, Basile E, Franceschi A, Caristo G, Pagnanelli M, De Nardi P, Rosati R, Marcocci G, Vignali A, Curletti G, Galleano R, Badran A, Malerba M, Percivale A, Ghazouani O, Reggiani L, Spirito C, Moschetta G, Cosmi F, Romeo G, Gasparrini M, Sucameli F, Gennai A, Moggia E, Bianchi C, Bonfante P, Macina S, Feleppa C, Talamo G, Imperatore M, Tenconi SM, Rausei S, Maioli D, Marchionini V, Pata F, Sparta C, Mura FA, Barmina M, Lorettu A, Rettaroli C, Mastino G, Ruggiu GV, Mura GA, Perrone BA, De Angelis M, Mereu A, Adamo V, Bianco C, Manzoni Garberini A, Ricciardiello M, Campanaro C, Panaccio P, Esposito LM, D'Ascanio F, Pietroletti R, Picciariello A, Chetta N, Aquilino F, Di Marco F, Amico A, Schembari E, Puglisi S, Licari L, Campanella S, Profita G, Falco N, Rotolo G, Venturelli P, Tutino R, De Marco P, Marcianò M, Sgrò A, Argenti F, Milani MS, Malabarba S, Giambartolomei G, Vella I, Gronchi F, Ruggieri A, Sancini G, Roggiani A, Balsamo F, Gori A, Cuicchi D, D'Alessio R, Benvenuto D, Gordini L, Erdas E, Podda F, Cappellacci F, Salaris C, Sanna S, Marcialis J, Mosino L, Peddis M, Melis S, De Donno G, Aru AC, Falsetti E, Parini D, Lanari J, D'Errico U, Bianchini S, Birindelli A, Figà F, Caiazzo A, Selvaggi L, Capozzolo A, Cerra C, Pirillo M, Papandrea M, Cravano S, Libri I, Laquatra N, Isabello A, Truškovs A, Bartnick A, Malcevs E, Machatschek MJ, Alm J, Lapsa S, Delorme M, Zeynalov F, Larnovskis J, Sauka J, Bodrov D, Gailumsis R, Wiemann AM, Müller NL, Jelovskis I, Deksnis D, Bauermeister Potts O, Slimbajevs T, Samalavicius NE, Simcikas D, Nutautiene V, Zeromskas P, Jurgaitis J, Aliosin O, Slepavicius A, Eismontas V, Kybransiene M, Dulskas A, Kuliavas J, Kavaliauskas P, Kavaliauskaite R, Poškus E, Danys D, KryŽauskas M, Mikalauskas S, Rackauskas R, Drungilas M, Poškus T, Jotautas V, Strupas K, Cachia C, Cefai C, Portelli L, Youssef Y, Degaetano D, Debono S, Sammut M, Cassar J, Sammut K, Looyen R, Dalen ASHM, Becker MAJ, Comert D, Molder L, Tromp J, Matthee E, Tissen YM, Brinkhuis E, Vries HS, 't Hart E, Beckers K, Bekker Y, Kakar S, Doesschate SFH, Smaalen TC, Veen OC, Dingemans SA, Brink LC, Vijgen GHEJ, Voort EMF, Pool A, Rest KLC, Haak T, Sluijpers NRF, Pruijssers SR, Molenaar CJL, Gordinou de Gouberville MC, Saleh S, Mens MA, Hoeks EM, Nieuwenhuizen S, Praag EM, Westerduin E, Smit MPCM, Lely SJ, Nasimi B, Gerdsen M, Stijns RCH, Leow TYS, Penningnieuwland G, Ruiter A, Ribbers T, Aarts CAM, Tulek MS, Jonge J, Kocak S, Alqethami HJ, Constansia R, Elst PC, Tissink MW, Grüter A, Vroom Y, Voeten DM, Feenstra T, Azzahhafi J, Bofarid S, Kip M, Saleh W, Franssen S, Boon CL, Franssen RJM, Romaen I, Jense MTF, D'Souza J, Pascoe R, Scott A, Stark E, Mulholland K, Lau WK, Smith B, Adams SIB, Shah N, Ling E, Young J, Peng SL, Jacobson A, Macfater H, Farik S, Chen SY, Kilpatrick K, Kim DH, Dixon S, Yassaie S, Welman D, Coulter 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Jovanović M, Panyko A, De Lima H, Van Vuuren S, Curchod P, Gaspar S, Imadalou L, Mutlu D, Akyol C, Uygur FA, Eray IC, Biyiklioglu O, Çetin MF, Isik AE, Karip B, Dogan H, Sarıgül L, Tunc E, Aydin T, Bodur S, Karabulut K, Francis AA, Al-hadithi A, To N, Lau ISF, Smith E, Mahapatra S, McAuliffe O, Francis AA, Imam L, Akram B, Hossaini S, Davies R, Ko M, Collins J, Pandya A, Reilly S, Archer J, Auty C, Roche CD, Livie J, Chaudhry FA, Ntakomyti E, Diallo R, Bylinski T, Wright J, Lawday S, Masiha E, Tung J, Shirazi B, Neilson A, Epton S, Patel N, Trussell S, Couldrey A, Donnelly C, Eftychiou S. Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e161-e169. [PMID: 31595986 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11326] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. METHODS A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. RESULTS A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57-75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1-3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P < 0·001). CONCLUSION NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.
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EuroSurg Collaborative, Chapman SJ, Blanco-Colino R, Pérez-Ajates S, Bautista OA, Hodson J, Blanco-Colino R, Chapman SJ, Glasbey JC, Pata F, Pellino G, Soares ASA, van Elst T, Van Straten S, Nepogodiev D, Hodson J, Borakati A, Bath MF, Yasin IH, Mclean K, Arthur T, Kovacevic M, Delibegovic S, Karamanliev M, Swamad M, Žebrák R, Paramasivam R, Martensen A, Larsen HM, Rãdeker L, Frey PE, Kechagias A, Venara A, Duchalais E, Ioannidis A, Pata F, Pellino G, Pasquali S, Simioni ASA, Farina V, Podda M, Lorenzon L, ItSURG, Schaeff V, Otto A, Jakubauskas M, van Elst TR, Chu M, Fagan PVB, Wells CI, João AA, Soares A, Juloski J, Blanco-Colino R, Pérez-Ajates S, Bautista OA, El Kasmi YEK, Espin-Basany E, Clerc D, Ciubotaru C, Popescu S, Yanishev A, Lee S, Ozkan BB, Sen AY, Aktas MK, Baki BE, Yüksek B, Glasbey JC, Kamarajah S, Mclean K, Borakati A, Yasin IH, Khaw RA, Mills E, Goodson R, Thakral N, Ablett AD, Adra M, Kwek I, Khan SM, Quinn P, Manley LR, Badran A, Ramjeeawon A, Campbell A, Tan HL, Rye DS, Rajaraman N, Norman JG, Vutipongsatorn K, Solomou G, Akhbari M, Ali A, Brandao BD, Stainer B, Thavayogan R, Jones D, Onafowokan OO, Gharooni A, et alEuroSurg Collaborative, Chapman SJ, Blanco-Colino R, Pérez-Ajates S, Bautista OA, Hodson J, Blanco-Colino R, Chapman SJ, Glasbey JC, Pata F, Pellino G, Soares ASA, van Elst T, Van Straten S, Nepogodiev D, Hodson J, Borakati A, Bath MF, Yasin IH, Mclean K, Arthur T, Kovacevic M, Delibegovic S, Karamanliev M, Swamad M, Žebrák R, Paramasivam R, Martensen A, Larsen HM, Rãdeker L, Frey PE, Kechagias A, Venara A, Duchalais E, Ioannidis A, Pata F, Pellino G, Pasquali S, Simioni ASA, Farina V, Podda M, Lorenzon L, ItSURG, Schaeff V, Otto A, Jakubauskas M, van Elst TR, Chu M, Fagan PVB, Wells CI, João AA, Soares A, Juloski J, Blanco-Colino R, Pérez-Ajates S, Bautista OA, El Kasmi YEK, Espin-Basany E, Clerc D, Ciubotaru C, Popescu S, Yanishev A, Lee S, Ozkan BB, Sen AY, Aktas MK, Baki BE, Yüksek B, Glasbey JC, Kamarajah S, Mclean K, Borakati A, Yasin IH, Khaw RA, Mills E, Goodson R, Thakral N, Ablett AD, Adra M, Kwek I, Khan SM, Quinn P, Manley LR, Badran A, Ramjeeawon A, Campbell A, Tan HL, Rye DS, Rajaraman N, Norman JG, Vutipongsatorn K, Solomou G, Akhbari M, Ali A, Brandao BD, Stainer B, Thavayogan R, Jones D, Onafowokan OO, Gharooni A, Dabab N, Carlton-Carew S, Kungwengwe G, Gabriel M, Sewart E, Shortland TC, Lawday S, Pockney P, Dawson A, Stewart P, Ng B, Luong JK, Delibegovic S, Ivanov V, Borisova A, Neykov V, Žebrák MFR, Harbjerg JL, Brandsborg S, Mark-Christensen A, Unbehaun KP, Dalsgaard P, Lycke KD, Kechagias A, LeNaoures P, Duchalais E, Brigand C, Dumange E, Gout M, Moehwald C, Prem M, Alhalabi O, Sliwinski S, Krupp J, Gablenz E, Schmitzer L, Kopp A, Steinle J, Gsenger J, Pohl LJ, Riccardi M, Christodoulou IM, Konstantinidis M, Machairas N, Zoikas A, Balalis D, Manatakis DK, Aguilera ML, Simioni ASA, Marano L, Fleres F, Lovisetto F, Sasia D, Segalini E, Pata G, Lucchi A, Sagnotta A, Campagnaro T, Petrelli F, Gallo 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E, Kopac O, Uyanik A, Ozmen BB, Tiftik E, Aksoy B, Yalcinkaya A, Bilicen G, Cinar EN, Uslu Ö, Kaya Y, Wong J, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Suresh G, Asif A, Finch BJ, Bhahirathan Y, Herron J, Tew ZY, Obukofe R, Russell C, Suchett-Kay I, Netke T, Williams L, Kisiel A, Liu FY, Claireaux H, James P, Mondal A, Kalderon R, Nadama HH, Al-Saraff Z, Tam JPH, Powell-Chandler A, Wood F, Campbell A, Gorgievska R, Ragavoodoo A, Thakrar C, Rojoa D, Palmer C, Davidson K, Giacci L, Hale J, Gan FW, Makin-Taylor R, Hey CY, Toh C, Findlay JM, Griffiths N, Ganesananthan S, Jasionowska S, Poustie M, Wong C, Turner T, Pyc W, Sloper W, Warner C, Coey J, Mason D, Sait S, Kowal M, Shortland TC, Owen M, Saiyed A, Ashworth I, Akbari K, Curran M, Martin P, Parker D, Dawson A, Kwok K, Lye C, Pockney P, Ghaly M, Sammour T, Lewis D, Mundasad R, Wilkes A, Ctercteko G, Stewart P, Delibegovic S, Maslyankov S, Dimov R, Iliev S, Dimitrov D, Marek F, Örhalmi J, Skalický P, Skalický T, Chrz K, Christensen P, Worsøe J, Kristensen ES, Emmertsen KJ, Loeve US, Duchalais E, Mihaljevic AL, Herrle F, Konstantinidis KM, Manatakis DK, Korkolis D, Karanikas I, Aguilera ML, Vincenti L, Anania G, Borghi F, Agresta F, Maretto I, Parisi A, Bucci L, De Palma G, Guglielmi A, Cucinotta E, La Torre F, Cianchi F, Guerrieri M, Lauretta A, Trompetto M, Persiani R, Micheletto G, Delrio P, Belli A, Cantafio S, Lovisetto F, Ronconi M, Bisagni PAG, De Prizio M, Tamini N, Sinibaldi G, Franceschi A, Galleano R, Cavallini M, Brescia A, D'Ambra L, Benevento A, Niolu P, Calgaro M, Colangelo E, Grottola T, Altomare DF, Puleo S, Salamone G, Pietrabissa A, Poggioli G, Ripetti V, Erdas E, Ottonello R, Canonico G, Tonini V, Selvaggi F, Sammarco G, Ceccarelli G, De Nisco C, Surgo D, Taglietti L, Ozolins A, Sivinš A, Poskus T, Psaila J, Bemelman WA, Graat LJ, Langenhoff B, Wijnhoven BPL, van de Ven AHW, Poelman M, Stassen LPS, Slooter G, Acherman YIZ, Hoff C, Gerhards MF, Stommel MWJ, Hazebroek EJ, van Geloven AAW, Schasfoort RA, van Leeuwen BL, Tuynman JB, van Tilburg MWA, Boerma EG, Sharma P, Jenkins B, Bissett IP, Peng SL, Herd A, Gordon A, Vernon D, Omundsen M, Ly J, Reddy A, Bonnet G, Harmston C, Morales M, Francisco V, Costa S, Manso A, Amorim E, Pereira J, Cardoso J, Ourô S, Caratão M, Nascimento C, da Silva BR, Taranu V, Dias R, Devesa H, Mendes J, Allen M, Silva A, Carlos S, Barbosa E, Carneiro C, Ramos L, Maciel J, Lencastre L, Martins R, Silva-Vaz P, Cahill R, Hogan A, Larkin J, Negoi I, Abelevich A, Ćuk VM, Vician M, Ede C, Sardiwalla I, Mulira S, Montwedi D, Oyomno M, Sabia D, Porras VP, Vigorita V, Ortega GS, García J, Macías AE, Antona FB, Mompeán JAL, Ruiz SS, Villarejo-Campos P, Simó MR, Sánchez-Guillén L, Jiménez-Gómez LM, López AS, Golda T, Bergkvist DJ, Nevado C, Aguilar JFN, Felipe BR, Septiem J, Sánchez AR, Cañete-Gómez J, Montesinos IR, Ripollés-Melchor J, Millán-Scheiding M, Prieto-Nieto I, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Espin-Basany E, Frasson M, Román IAS, Olmo DG, Hübner M, Petermann D, Sauvain MO, Ozben V, Geçim IE, Disçi E, Rencuzogullari A, Kurt A, Bisgin T, Pehlivan M, Isik A, Onur E, Leventoglu S, Keskin M, Guner A, Sahin ST, Ozbalci GS, Pergel A, Albayrak D, Bruce D, Fearnhead N, Arthur J, Harron M, Beattie G, Titu L, Ali A, Saunders M, Phillips J, Dindyal S, Cresswell B, Gercek Y, Lee J, Linn T, Faulkner G, Lockwood S, Rees J, Charalabopoulos A, Campbell B, Kontovounisios C, Amarnath T, Johnson M, Epanomeritakis E, Vigs S, Nastro P, Gilliam A, Smolarek S, Wilson T, Orbell J, McIntyre R, Agarwal T, Hainsworth P, Patel P, Vijay J, Liu B, Rao PD, Roxburgh C, Vipond M, Youssef H, Thorn C, Schizas A, Denley S, Bowley D, Das K, Cuming T, Saha A, Chung L, Pitt J, Davis P, Jones O, Taylor M, Bhargava A, Haji A, Watson N, Bloom I, Singh B, Norwood M, Gurjar S, Stylianides N, Mirza S, Evans M, Williams G, Patil P, Hernon J, Finch G, Green S, Chapple K, Fafemi O, Warusavitarne J, Samee A, Carden C, Ong L, Verma K, Joseph A, Rawat N, Pinkney T, Oke O, Glen P, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Oliphant R, 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Yilmaz D, Jain C, Garofalidou T, Novotny SA, Locke S, Bowman C, Begaj A, Murphy C, Radcliffe K, Chong JT, Poustie M, Jeffrey E, Chaudhury N, Rajendran K, Akbar Z, Walters B, Kulendrarajah B, Tran N, Shrestha S, Parmar S, Gallagher C, Hennessy L, Pentti E, Badhrinarayanan S, Fung A, Mansoor M, Kenny R, Kan P, Lee DE, Khosla S, Samake M, Shaban F, Aftab R, Gough M, Woodburn B, Vayalapra S, McMurrugh K, Wong C, Jimulia D, Deol S, Pike S, Embury-Young Y, Turner T, Patel M, Kilgallon E, Keating R, Walsh A, Khan H, Logue G, Orekoya M, Alasmar M, Charalambides M, Llavall AC, Williamson E, Bharwada Y, Zearmal S, Evans H, Panikkar M, de la Cruz G, Caplan J, Ruparelia A, Tanvir T, Soare C, Pang YL, Trotter J, Zaidi A, Thakrar V, Pulickal P, Ahmed H, Parnell J, Khan H, Lennock S, Ford V, Pyc W, Brignall R, O'Neill D, Hanna R, Kane R, Nicola M, Rajput K, Xiao Y, Warner C, Michael S, Wright E, Juniper S, Thompson E, Hoskyns L, Kanitkar A, Ross C, Unsworth A, Rshaidat H, Demarre K, Chiang A, Bareh 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Magnoli M, Vittori L, Longheu A, Loche GA, Braccio B, De Luca E, Resta G, Ancans G, Tamosiunas A, Petrulionis M, Abdulrahman N, van de Pas KGH, Thomas G, Brandsma AM, Davids J, Rottier SJ, de Roy van Zuidewijn D, Hawkins R, Ong HI, Li Y, Desmond B, Winstanley J, Martins M, Rosete M, Americano M, Santos M, Frade S, Senhorinho R, Peixoto R, João AA, Alves-Vale C, Lamas M, O'Connor DB, Hoo M, Gopaul A, Scanlon K, O'Dwyer N, Negoi I, Jovanović M, Panyko A, De Lima H, Van Vuuren S, Centeno A, Bernado IR, Señorans MPG, Amor LG, Ramírez AC, Abrisqueta J, Gomez ME, Arroyo A, Cerdán C, Romeu NG, Forero-Torres A, Enriquez-Navascues JM, Collado-Roura F, Curchod P, Gaspar S, Imadalou L, Mutlu D, Akyol C, Uygur FA, Eray IC, Biyiklioglu O, Çetin MF, Isik AE, Karip B, Dogan H, Sarıgül L, Tunc E, Aydin T, Bodur S, Karabulut K, Francis AA, Al-hadithi A, Lau ISF, Smith E, Mahapatra S, McAuliffe O, Francis AA, Imam L, Akram B, Hossaini S, Davies R, Ko M, Collins J, Pandya A, Reilly S, Archer J, Livie J, Chaudhry FA, Ntakomyti E, Diallo R, Bylinski T, Wright J, Lawday S, Masiha E, Tung J, Shirazi B, Neilson A, Epton S, Patel N, Trussell S, Couldrey A, Donnelly C, Eftychiou S. Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2020; 107:552-559. [PMID: 31976560 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11422] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. METHODS A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system. RESULTS A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). CONCLUSION Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients.
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