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Cahn P, Madero JS, Arribas J, Antinori A, Ortiz R, Clarke A, Hung C, Rockstroh J, Girard P, Sievers J, Man C, Urbaityte R, Underwood M, Tenorio A, Pappa K, Wynne B, Gartland M, Aboud M, van Wyk J, Smith K, El-Bahy Y. Durable Efficacy of Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus Lamivudine (3TC) in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Adults With HIV-1 Infection: 96-Week Results From the GEMINI Studies. J Infect Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Hernández L, Eiros JM, Negredo A, Fedele G, Tenorio A. Detection and identification of orthopoxviruses using a generic nested PCR followed by sequencing. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 63:79-85. [PMID: 16872000 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2006.11732725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some orthopoxviruses are considered to be potential biological weapons. After the smallpox eradication campaign ended, routine vaccination was stopped around the world. Consequently, a significant portion of the population is now completely unprotected from infection by variola virus and related orthopoxviruses. Some of the symptoms associated with non-variola infections can be similar to smallpox, causing alert and panic situations. These infections should be considered as real public health concerns, so suitable tools for their differential diagnosis are needed. This study aims to devise a simple and easy-to-perform method that is able to detect and identify any orthopoxvirus that might cause infection in humans. In addition, the similarity of the different genes in the genomes of several species of orthopoxviruses is investigated, and orthopoxvirus-universal primer pairs in the tumour necrosis factor receptor II homologue gene are designed, taking full account of nucleotide similarity. A strategy is devised for their sensitive, rapid and cost-effective detection and identification, based on a nested PCR followed by sequencing. The efficacy of the method is tested with samples sent by the European Network of Imported Viral Diseases as part of two external quality control assays. All human orthopoxviruses assayed were detected and identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sánchez-Seco
- Laboratory of Arboviruses and Imported Viral Diseases, Diagnostic Microbiology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Rizzoli A, Jimenez-Clavero MA, Barzon L, Cordioli P, Figuerola J, Koraka P, Martina B, Moreno A, Nowotny N, Pardigon N, Sanders N, Ulbert S, Tenorio A. The challenge of West Nile virus in Europe: knowledge gaps and research priorities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 26027485 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.20.21135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is continuously spreading across Europe, and other continents, i.e. North and South America and many other regions of the world. Despite the overall sporadic nature of outbreaks with cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in Europe, the spillover events have increased and the virus has been introduced into new areas. The high genetic diversity of the virus, with remarkable phenotypic variation, and its endemic circulation in several countries, require an intensification of the integrated and multidisciplinary research efforts built under the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union (FP7). It is important to better clarify several aspects of WNV circulation in Europe, including its ecology, genomic diversity, pathogenicity, transmissibility, diagnosis and control options, under different environmental and socio-economic scenarios. Identifying WNV endemic as well as infection-free areas is becoming a need for the development of human vaccines and therapeutics and the application of blood and organs safety regulations. This review, produced as a joint initiative among European experts and based on analysis of 118 scientific papers published between 2004 and 2014, provides the state of knowledge on WNV and highlights the existing knowledge and research gaps that need to be addressed with high priority in Europe and neighbouring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzoli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, San Michele all Adige (TN), Italy
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4
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Franco L, Pagan I, Serre Del Cor N, Schunk M, Neumayr A, Molero F, Potente A, Hatz C, Wilder-Smith A, Sánchez-Seco MP, Tenorio A. Molecular epidemiology suggests Venezuela as the origin of the dengue outbreak in Madeira, Portugal in 2012-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:713.e5-8. [PMID: 25843502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An explosive epidemic occurred in Madeira Island (Portugal) from October 2012 to February 2013. Published data showed that dengue virus type 1 introduced from South America was the incriminated virus. We aim to determine the origin of the strain introduced to Madeira by travellers returning to Europe. Using phylogeographic analysis and complete envelope sequences we have demonstrated that the most probable origin of the strain is Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franco
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Pagan
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Serre Del Cor
- Centro de Asistencia Primaria Drassanes, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Schunk
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Neumayr
- Medical and Diagnostic Service Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Molero
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Potente
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Hatz
- Medical and Diagnostic Service Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Wilder-Smith
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M P Sánchez-Seco
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tenorio
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Fernandez-Garcia MD, Negredo A, Papa A, Donoso-Mantke O, Niedrig M, Zeller H, Tenorio A, Franco L. European survey on laboratory preparedness, response and diagnostic capacity for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25011064 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.26.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infectious viral disease that has (re-)emerged in the last decade in south-eastern Europe, and there is a risk for further geographical expansion to western Europe. Here we report the results of a survey covering 28 countries, conducted in 2012 among the member laboratories of the European Network for Diagnostics of 'Imported' Viral Diseases (ENIVD) to assess laboratory preparedness and response capacities for CCHF. The answers of 31 laboratories of the European region regarding CCHF case definition, training necessity, biosafety, quality assurance and diagnostic tests are presented. In addition, we identified the lack of a Regional Reference Expert Laboratory in or near endemic areas. Moreover, a comprehensive review of the biosafety level suitable to the reality of endemic areas is needed. These issues are challenges that should be addressed by European public health authorities. However, all respondent laboratories have suitable diagnostic capacities for the current situation.
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Kurolt IC, Betica-Radić L, Daković-Rode O, Franco L, Zelená H, Tenorio A, Markotić A. Molecular characterization of dengue virus 1 from autochthonous dengue fever cases in Croatia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 19:E163-5. [PMID: 23279586 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the summer of 2010, two autochthonous dengue fever cases were detected in Croatia. Here we report the retrospective detection of an additional case of dengue fever, representing the first sustained autochthonous transmission in Europe since 1928. In addition, we present the phylogenetic analyses based on two sequences from the Pelješac peninsula, southern Croatia. The sequences were identified as dengue virus genotype 1 and recovered from two out of the three Pelješac patients in whom infection occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Kurolt
- University Hospital for Infectious Diseases 'Dr Fran Mihaljević', Zagreb, Croatia.
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7
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de Ory F, Avellón A, Echevarría JE, Sánchez-Seco MP, Trallero G, Cabrerizo M, Casas I, Pozo F, Fedele G, Vicente D, Pena MJ, Moreno A, Niubo J, Rabella N, Rubio G, Pérez-Ruiz M, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Gimeno C, Eiros JM, Melón S, Blasco M, López-Miragaya I, Varela E, Martinez-Sapiña A, Rodríguez G, Marcos MÁ, Gegúndez MI, Cilla G, Gabilondo I, Navarro JM, Torres J, Aznar C, Castellanos A, Guisasola ME, Negredo AI, Tenorio A, Vázquez-Morón S. Viral infections of the central nervous system in Spain: a prospective study. J Med Virol 2012; 85:554-62. [PMID: 23239485 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of viruses causing aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis in Spain. This was a prospective study, in collaboration with 17 Spanish hospitals, including 581 cases (CSF from all and sera from 280): meningitis (340), meningoencephalitis (91), encephalitis (76), febrile syndrome (7), other neurological disorders (32), and 35 cases without clinical information. CSF were assayed by PCR for enterovirus (EV), herpesvirus (herpes simplex [HSV], varicella-zoster [VZV], cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr [EBV], and human herpes virus-6 [HHV-6]), mumps (MV), Toscana virus (TOSV), adenovirus (HAdV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), West Nile virus (WNV), and rabies. Serology was undertaken when methodology was available. Amongst meningitis cases, 57.1% were characterized; EV was the most frequent (76.8%), followed by VZV (10.3%) and HSV (3.1%; HSV-1: 1.6%; HSV-2: 1.0%, HSV non-typed: 0.5%). Cases due to CMV, EBV, HHV-6, MV, TOSV, HAdV, and LCMV were also detected. For meningoencephalitis, 40.7% of cases were diagnosed, HSV-1 (43.2%) and VZV (27.0%) being the most frequent agents, while cases associated with HSV-2, EV, CMV, MV, and LCMV were also detected. For encephalitis, 27.6% of cases were caused by HSV-1 (71.4%), VZV (19.1%), or EV (9.5%). Other positive neurological syndromes included cerebellitis (EV and HAdV), seizures (HSV), demyelinating disease (HSV-1 and HHV-6), myelopathy (VZV), and polyradiculoneuritis (HSV). No rabies or WNV cases were identified. EVs are the most frequent cause of meningitis, as is HSV for meningoencephalitis and encephalitis. A significant number of cases (42.9% meningitis, 59.3% meningoencephalitis, 72.4% encephalitis) still have no etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de Ory
- National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Spain.
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Heyman P, Ceianu CS, Christova I, Tordo N, Beersma M, João Alves M, Lundkvist Å, Hukic M, Papa A, Tenorio A, Zelená H, Eßbauer S, Visontai I, Golovljova I, Connell J, Nicoletti L, Van Esbroeck M, Gjeruldsen Dudman S, Aberle SW, Avšić-Županc T, Korukluoglu G, Nowakowska A, Klempa B, Ulrich RG, Bino S, Engler O, Opp M, Vaheri A. A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010. Euro Surveill 2011; 16. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.36.19961-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus infections are reported from many countries in Europe and with highly variable annual case numbers. In 2010, more than 2,000 human cases were reported in Germany, and numbers above the baseline have also been registered in other European countries. Depending on the virus type human infections are characterised by mild to severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The member laboratories of the European Network for diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases present here an overview of the progression of human cases in the period from 2005 to 2010. Further we provide an update on the available diagnostic methods and endemic regions in their countries, with an emphasis on occurring virus types and reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Heyman
- Research Laboratory for Vector-borne Diseases and National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C S Ceianu
- Cantacuzino Institute, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I Christova
- National Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N Tordo
- Unit of the Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - M Beersma
- Department of Virology, Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M João Alves
- Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research (CEVDI), National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Águas de Moura, Portugal
| | - Å Lundkvist
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (SMI), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hukic
- Clinical Centre, University of Sarajevo, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Papa
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Tenorio
- Arbovirus and Imported Viral Disease Unit, National Centre for Microbiology, Institute for Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - H Zelená
- Institute of Public Health, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - S Eßbauer
- Department of Virology and Rickettsiology, Bundeswehr Institute for Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - I Visontai
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Golovljova
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - J Connell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Nicoletti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediate Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Laboratory of Virology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S Gjeruldsen Dudman
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Oslo, Norway
| | - S W Aberle
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Avšić-Županc
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Korukluoglu
- Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Nowakowska
- Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Voivodeship Sanitary-Epidemiological Station, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - B Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, World Organisation for Animal Health Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - S Bino
- Institute of Public Health, Control of Infectious Diseases, Tirana, Albania
| | - O Engler
- Spiez Laboratory, Biology - Virology Group, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - M Opp
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Virologie, Luxembourg
| | - A Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vázquez A, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Franco L, Donoso-Mantke O, Sambri V, Niedrig M, Zeller H, Tenorio A. Usutu virus – potential risk of human disease in Europe. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.31.19935-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus, member of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic group. This avian virus is transmitted by arthropod vectors (mainly mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex). It is well known that free-living birds, including migratory species, have the potential to disperse certain pathogenic microorganisms. Usutu virus has recently been introduced to Europe and is spreading through Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Switzerland, causing disease in birds and humans. Like West Nile virus, USUV may become a resident pathogen in Europe and the consequences for public health should be considered. Many different biotic and abiotic factors affect the survival of the virus in a new environment and influence the efficiency of its geographical dispersal. In this article, we consider the possibility of including USUV infections among the vector-borne diseases to be monitored in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vázquez
- National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Jiménez-Clavero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, National Institute of Research and Agricultural Technology and Food), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Franco
- European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN)
- National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Donoso-Mantke
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN)
| | - V Sambri
- Regional Reference Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), Unit of Clinical Microbiology, St Orsola University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN)
| | - M Niedrig
- European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN)
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Zeller
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Tenorio
- European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN)
- National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vazquez A, Jimenez-Clavero M, Franco L, Donoso-Mantke O, Sambri V, Niedrig M, Zeller H, Tenorio A. Usutu virus: potential risk of human disease in Europe. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19935. [PMID: 21871214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus, member of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic group. This avian virus is transmitted by arthropod vectors (mainly mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex). It is well known that free-living birds, including migratory species, have the potential to disperse certain pathogenic microorganisms. Usutu virus has recently been introduced to Europe and is spreading through Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Switzerland, causing disease in birds and humans. Like West Nile virus, USUV may become a resident pathogen in Europe and the consequences for public health should be considered. Many different biotic and abiotic factors affect the survival of the virus in a new environment and influence the efficiency of its geographical dispersal. In this article, we consider the possibility of including USUV infections among the vector-borne diseases to be monitored in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vazquez
- National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sîrbu A, Ceianu CS, Panculescu-Gatej RI, Vázquez A, Tenorio A, Rebreanu R, Niedrig M, Nicolescu G, Pistol A. Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans, Romania, July to October 2010. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.02.19762-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sîrbu
- National Institute of Public Health - National Centre for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C S Ceianu
- Cantacuzino National Institute for Research and Development in Microbiology and Immunology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R I Panculescu-Gatej
- Cantacuzino National Institute for Research and Development in Microbiology and Immunology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Vázquez
- Institute of Public Health ‘Carlos III’, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tenorio
- Institute of Public Health ‘Carlos III’, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Rebreanu
- National Institute of Public Health - Regional Centre of Public Health, Cluj, Romania
| | - M Niedrig
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Nicolescu
- Cantacuzino National Institute for Research and Development in Microbiology and Immunology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Pistol
- National Institute of Public Health - National Centre for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
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Sirbu A, Ceianu CS, Panculescu-Gatej RI, Vazquez A, Tenorio A, Rebreanu R, Niedrig M, Nicolescu G, Pistol A. Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans, Romania, July to October 2010. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19762. [PMID: 21251489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 57 cases of West Nile virus infection (54 with neuroinvasive infection and three with fever) were identified in Romania between July and October 2010.The median age of the cases was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence in the age group 60–69 years.The case fatality rate was 8.8%. Cases were distributed in 19 districts in the southern, western, central and eastern parts of the country. Molecular investigation revealed lineage 2 West Nile virus, related to the Volgograd 2007 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sirbu
- National Institute of Public Health - National Centre for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
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Tenorio A, Gordillo MD, Pereyra CM, De La Ossa EJM. Supercritical Antisolvent Process Applied to the Pharmaceutical Industry. Particulate Science and Technology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2010.481589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Pisano MB, Dantur MJ, Ré VE, Díaz LA, Farías A, Sánchez Seco MP, Tenorio A, Almirón WR, Contigiani MS. Cocirculation of Rio Negro Virus (RNV) and Pixuna Virus (PIXV) in Tucumán province, Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 15:865-8. [PMID: 20497404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex includes viruses considered emerging pathogens for humans and animals in the Americas. Two members of this complex have been detected previously in Argentina: Rio Negro Virus (RNV), detected in mosquitoes from Chaco province and rodents from Formosa province, and Pixuna Virus (PIXV), detected in mosquitoes from Chaco province. To carry out surveillance studies in other parts of the country, detection of a 195-bp fragment of alphaviruses by RT-nested PCR was performed in mosquito samples from San Miguel de Tucumán city. Four pools resulted positive and three were sequenced. Two amplicons grouped with RNV and one with PIXV. This is the first report of viral activity of members of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex in north-eastern Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Pisano
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Abstract
Due to non-existing or limited surveillance in Africa, little is known about the epidemiology of dengue illness in the continent. Serological and virological data obtained from returning European travellers is a key complement to this often flawed information. In the past years, dengue 3 virus has emerged in West Africa and has been detected in travellers returning to Europe. The first dengue epidemic in Cape Verde with more than 17,000 cases from September to December 2009 demonstrated that dengue virus is still expanding worldwide to new territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franco
- European Network for Imported Viral Disease - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN). www.enivd.org
- National Centre for Microbiology. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Di Caro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
- European Network for Imported Viral Disease - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN). www.enivd.org
| | - F Carletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - O Vapalahti
- Haartman Institute and Dept of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- European Network for Imported Viral Disease - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN). www.enivd.org
| | - C Renaudat
- European Network for Imported Viral Disease - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN). www.enivd.org
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - H Zeller
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Tenorio
- National Centre for Microbiology. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Network for Imported Viral Disease - Collaborative Laboratory Response Network (ENIVD-CLRN). www.enivd.org
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Franco L, Di Caro A, Carletti F, Vapalahti O, Renaudat C, Zeller H, Tenorio A. Recent expansion of dengue virus serotype 3 in West Africa. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19490. [PMID: 20184854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to non-existing or limited surveillance in Africa, little is known about the epidemiology of dengue illness in the continent. Serological and virological data obtained from returning European travellers is a key complement to this often flawed information. In the past years, dengue 3 virus has emerged in West Africa and has been detected in travellers returning to Europe. The first dengue epidemic in Cape Verde with more than 17,000 cases from September to December 2009 demonstrated that dengue virus is still expanding worldwide to new territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franco
- National Centre for Microbiology. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Montes A, Tenorio A, Gordillo M, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa E. Screening design of experiment applied to supercritical antisolvent precipitation of amoxicillin: Exploring new miscible conditions. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Casal M, Rodriguez F, Johnson B, Garduno E, Tubau F, de Lejarazu RO, Tenorio A, Gimenez MJ, Bartolome R, Garcia-Rey C, Aguilar L, Garcia-Escribano N. Influence of testing methodology on the tigecycline activity profile against presumably tigecycline-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:69-72. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Aranda C, Sánchez-Seco MP, Cáceres F, Escosa R, Gálvez JC, Masià M, Marqués E, Ruíz S, Alba A, Busquets N, Vázquez A, Castellà J, Tenorio A. Detection and Monitoring of Mosquito Flaviviruses in Spain between 2001 and 2005. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 9:171-8. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Aranda
- Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Servei de Control de Mosquits, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. P. Sánchez-Seco
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Cáceres
- Servicio de Control de Mosquitos, Área de Medio Ambiente, Diputación de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - R. Escosa
- Consorci de Serveis Agroambientals del Baix Ebre i Montsià, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J. C. Gálvez
- Servicio de Control de Mosquitos, Área de Medio Ambiente, Diputación de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Masià
- Consorci de Serveis Agroambientals del Baix Ebre i Montsià, Tarragona, Spain
| | - E. Marqués
- Mancomunitat Intermunicipal del Servei de Control de Mosquits de la Badia de Roses i Baix Ter, Girona, Spain
| | - S. Ruíz
- Servicio de Control de Mosquitos, Área de Medio Ambiente, Diputación de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - A. Alba
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Busquets
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Vázquez
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Castellà
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Tenorio
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Tenorio A, Gordillo M, Pereyra C, de la Ossa EM. Controlled submicro particle formation of ampicillin by supercritical antisolvent precipitation. J Supercrit Fluids 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Domingo C, Palacios G, Jabado O, Reyes N, Niedrig M, Gascón J, Cabrerizo M, Lipkin WI, Tenorio A. Use of a short fragment of the C-terminal E gene for detection and characterization of two new lineages of dengue virus 1 in India. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1519-29. [PMID: 16597885 PMCID: PMC1448656 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.4.1519-1529.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we propose the use of a 216-nucleotide fragment located in the carboxyl terminus of the E gene (E-COOH) and a pairwise-based comparison method for genotyping of dengue virus 1 (DENV-1) strains. We have applied this method to the detection and characterization of DENV-1 in serum samples from travelers returning from the tropics. The results obtained with the typing system correlate with the results obtained by comparison of the sequences of the entire E gene of the strains. The approach demonstrates utility in plotting the distribution and circulation of different genotypes of DENV-1 and also suggests the presence of two new clades of Indian strains. The integration of the method with an online database and a typing characterization tool enhances its strength. Additionally, the analysis of the complete E gene of DENV-1 strains suggested the occurrence of a nondescribed recombination event in the China GD23-95 strain. We propose the use of this methodology as a tool for real-time epidemiological surveillance of dengue virus infections and their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Domingo
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus y Enfermedades Víricas Importadas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, Majadahonda (28220), Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Fedele CG, Negredo A, Molero F, Sánchez-Seco MP, Tenorio A. Use of internally controlled real-time genome amplification for detection of variola virus and other orthopoxviruses infecting humans. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4464-70. [PMID: 17065259 PMCID: PMC1698395 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00276-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smallpox, once a devastating disease caused by Variola virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, was eradicated in 1980. However, the importance of variola virus infections has been stressed widely in the last few years, particularly following recent social events in the world. Today, variola virus is considered to be one of the most significant agents with potential use as a biological weapon. In this study we developed an internally controlled real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and simultaneous differentiation of variola virus from other orthopoxviruses. The assay is based on TaqMan 3'-minor groove binder (MGB) chemistry and uses generic primers, designed in highly conserved genomic regions of the crmB gene, and three TaqMan MGB probes designed to identify orthopoxviruses, variola virus, and an internal control. The results obtained suggest that the assay is rapid, sensitive, specific, and suitable for the generic detection of orthopoxviruses and the identification of variola virus and avoids false-negative results in a single reaction tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Fedele
- Alerts and Emergencies Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Pozuelo Majadahonda Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Hernández L, Domingo C, Valdés K, Guzmán MG, Tenorio A. Detection and subtyping of dengue 1-4 and yellow fever viruses by means of a multiplex RT-nested-PCR using degenerated primers. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:1432-41. [PMID: 16930266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differential diagnosis of infections that cause similar diseases and may be active simultaneously in the same geographical areas is greatly needed. Dengue and yellow fever viruses (DENV and YFV) are transmitted by the same species of mosquito and both can cause haemorrhagic fever symptoms. These viruses are active mainly in regions where expensive and sophisticated technologies are not available. Our objective was to develop a simple, reliable and easy-to-perform method to detect and identify these viruses. METHODS We slightly modified a generic RT-PCR able to detect the mentioned viruses and other members of this genus: specific primers for each one of these viruses were designed and included in the nested reaction instead of one of the generic ones. The reaction was optimized and viruses are amplified giving rise to bands of different sizes distinguishable in agarose gels. RESULTS This test is able to detect and identify the four DENVs and YFV to a high level of sensitivity and specificity and can be used with clinical samples. This simple, reliable and easy-to-perform method able to detect and identify dengue 1-4 and YFV can be used in poor endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sánchez-Seco
- Alert and Emergency Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
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24
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Doblas A, Domingo C, Bae HG, Bohórquez CL, de Ory F, Niedrig M, Mora D, Carrasco FJ, Tenorio A. Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease and death in Spain. J Clin Virol 2006; 36:156-8. [PMID: 16597510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) is a recently described severe adverse event after yellow fever vaccination, and some cases have been reported in different countries [Anonymous. Effects of yellow fever and vaccination. Lancet 2001;358(9296):1907-9]. Herein we describe a YEL-AVD case in a young woman, who died after vaccination with 17D-204 strain. Clinical, serological and immunochemical analysis as well as virus detection, quantification, sequence analysis and cytokine release, were performed. Further investigations on yellow fever vaccine adverse events, and carefully analysis of the immune response elicited are important tasks for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Doblas
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital, Huelva, Spain
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25
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Domingo C, Hernández L, Valdés K, Guzmán MG, Tenorio A. Generic RT-nested-PCR for detection of flaviviruses using degenerated primers and internal control followed by sequencing for specific identification. J Virol Methods 2005; 126:101-9. [PMID: 15847925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Revised: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a widespread and numerous group of arboviruses that can cause serious illness in humans. The continuous and slow spread of certain flaviviruses, such as Dengue viruses, and the recent entry and spread of West Nile virus to the American continent, point to the need to control these infections. This control requires the use of suitable techniques for diagnostic and surveillance programmes. A generic RT-nested-PCR that is, theoretically, able to detect each member of the group has been designed. The identification of the detected virus is carried out by sequencing. The introduction of an internal control would reduce the number of false negative results and could be used to quantify the viral load in clinical samples where the method works well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sánchez-Seco
- Laboratory of Arboviruses and Imported Viral Diseases, Diagnostic Microbiology Service, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Polo C, Pérez JL, Mielnichuck A, Fedele CG, Niubò J, Tenorio A. Prevalence and patterns of polyomavirus urinary excretion in immunocompetent adults and children. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:640-4. [PMID: 15214877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BK and JC polyomavirus infections are acquired commonly during childhood, mainly asymptomatically. These viruses are thought to remain latent in renal tissue after the primary infection and to reactivate under certain conditions. This reactivation leads to urinary excretion of virus particles, which can be detected by a range of methods. However, while this reactivation has been studied in depth in immunocompromised patients, little information is available about healthy individuals. The present study used PCR-based methods to examine urine samples from healthy individuals (51 adults and 15 children), and found that 62.7% of adults and 13.2% of children excreted polyomaviruses in the urine, mostly JC virus (41.2%). JC virus excretion was continuous, while BK virus excretion was mostly occasional.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Polo
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Ioannidis JPA, Trikalinos TA, Law M, Carr A, Carr A, Barr D, Cooper DA, Emery S, Grinspoon S, Ioannidis J, Lewis R, Law M, Lichtenstein K, Murray J, Pizzuti D, Powderly WG, Rozenbaum W, Schambelan M, Puls R, Emery S, Moore A, Miller J, Carr A, Belloso WH, Ivalo SA, Clara LO, Barcan LA, Stern LD, Galich AM, Perman MI, Losso M, Duran A, Toibaro J, Baker D, Vale R, McFarlane R, MacLeod H, Kidd J, Genn B, Carr A, Fielden R, Mallal S, French M, Cain A, Skett J, Maxwell D, Mijch A, Hoy J, Pierce A, McCormick C, De Graaf B, Falutz J, Vatistas J, Dion L, Montaner J, Harris M, Phillips P, Montessori V, Valyi M, Stewart W, Walmsley S, Casciaro L, Lundgren J, Andersen O, Gronholdt A, Beguinot I, Mercié P, Chêne G, Reynes J, Cotte L, Rozenbaum W, Nait-Ighil L, Slama L, Nguyen TH, Rousselle C, Viard JP, Roudière L, Maignan A, Burgard M, Mauss S, Schmutz G, Scholten S, Oka S, Fraser H, Ishihara M, Itoh K, Reiss P, van der Valk M, Leunissen P, Nievaard M, van EckSmit B, Kujik CC, Paton N, Peperstraete B, Karim F, Khim CY, Ong S, Gatell J, Martinez E, Milinkovic A, Churchill D, Timaeus C, Maher T, Perry N, Bray A, Moyle G, Baldwin C, Higgs C, Reynolds B, Carpenter C, Bausserman L, Fiore T, DiSpigno M, Cohen C, Hellinger J, Foy K, Hubka S, Riccio B, El-Sadr W, Raghavan S, Chowdury N, de Vries B, Miller S, Hammer S, Crawford M, Chang S, Dobkin J, Quagliarello B, Gallagher D, Punyanitya M, Kessler H, Tenorio A, Kjos S, Falloon J, Lane HC, Rock D, Ehler L, Lichtenstein K, McClain T, Murphy R, Milne P, Powderly W, Aberg J, Klebert M, Conklin M, Ward D, Green L, Stearn B. HIV Lipodystrophy Case Definition using Artificial Neural Network Modelling. Antivir Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350300800511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective A case definition of HIV lipodystrophy has recently been developed from a combination of clinical, metabolic and imaging/body composition variables using logistic regression methods. We aimed to evaluate whether artificial neural networks could improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods The database of the case-control Lipodystrophy Case Definition Study was split into 504 subjects (265 with and 239 without lipodystrophy) used for training and 284 independent subjects (152 with and 132 without lipodystrophy) used for validation. Back-propagation neural networks with one or two middle layers were trained and validated. Results were compared against logistic regression models using the same information. Results Neural networks using clinical variables only (41 items) achieved consistently superior performance than logistic regression in terms of specificity, overall accuracy and area under the ROC curve. Their average sensitivity and specificity were 72.4 and 71.2%, as compared with 73.0 and 62.9% for logistic regression, respectively (area under the ROC curve, 0.784 vs 0.748). The discriminating performance of the neural networks was largely unaffected when built excluding 13 parameters that patients may not have readily available. The average sensitivity and specificity of the neural networks remained the same when metabolic variables were also considered (total 60 items) without a clear advantage against logistic regression (overall accuracy 71.8%). The performance of networks considering also body composition variables was similar to that of logistic regression (overall accuracy 78.5% for both). Conclusions Neural networks may offer a means to improve the discriminating performance for HIV lipodystrophy, when only clinical data are available and a rapid approximate diagnostic decision is needed. In this context, information on metabolic parameters is apparently not helpful in improving the diagnosis of HIV lipodystrophy, unless imaging and body composition studies are also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- John PA Ioannidis
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Division of Clinical Care Research, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Thomas A Trikalinos
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Division of Clinical Care Research, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Matthew Law
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Carr
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
- HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia
| | - A Carr
- (Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, Baltimore, Md., USA; to September, 2001)
| | - D Barr
- (Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, Baltimore, Md., USA; to September, 2001)
| | - DA Cooper
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - S Emery
- (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA)
| | - S Grinspoon
- (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA)
| | | | - R Lewis
- (Agouron Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, Calif., USA)
| | - M Law
- (HIV Outpatient Study/Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Denver, Col., USA)
| | - K Lichtenstein
- (HIV Outpatient Study/Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Denver, Col., USA)
| | - J Murray
- (US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA)
| | - D Pizzuti
- (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA, representing the European Medicines Evaluation Agency Oversight Committee)
| | - WG Powderly
- (Agence Nationale du Researche sur le SIDA, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France)
| | - W Rozenbaum
- (Agence Nationale du Researche sur le SIDA, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France)
| | - M Schambelan
- (University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USA; to September 2000)
| | - R Puls
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - S Emery
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - A Moore
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - J Miller
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - A Carr
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - WH Belloso
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - SA Ivalo
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - LO Clara
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - LA Barcan
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - LD Stern
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - AM Galich
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - MI Perman
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - M Losso
- (Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires)
| | - A Duran
- (Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires)
| | - J Toibaro
- (Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Carr
- (St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney)
| | | | | | | | - A Cain
- (Royal Perth Hospital, Perth)
| | - J Skett
- (Royal Perth Hospital, Perth)
| | | | - A Mijch
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - J Hoy
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - A Pierce
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - C McCormick
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - B De Graaf
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - J Falutz
- (Montreal General Hospital, Montreal)
| | | | - L Dion
- (Montreal General Hospital, Montreal)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Valyi
- (St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver)
| | | | | | | | - J Lundgren
- (Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen)
| | - O Andersen
- (Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen)
| | | | | | - P Mercié
- (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux)
| | - G Chêne
- (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux)
| | - J Reynes
- (Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier)
| | - L Cotte
- (Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Reiss
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - M van der Valk
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - P Leunissen
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - M Nievaard
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - B van EckSmit
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - C can Kujik
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - N Paton
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | | | - F Karim
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | - C Y Khim
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | - S Ong
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | - J Gatell
- (Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona)
| | - E Martinez
- (Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Bray
- (Sussex Hospital, Brighton)
| | - G Moyle
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | - C Baldwin
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | - C Higgs
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | - B Reynolds
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | | | | | - T Fiore
- (Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI)
| | | | - C Cohen
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - J Hellinger
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - K Foy
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - S Hubka
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - B Riccio
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - W El-Sadr
- (Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY)
| | | | | | | | - S Miller
- (Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY)
| | - S Hammer
- (Columbia University, New York, NY)
| | | | - S Chang
- (Columbia University, New York, NY)
| | - J Dobkin
- (Columbia University, New York, NY)
| | | | | | | | - H Kessler
- (Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - A Tenorio
- (Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - S Kjos
- (Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - J Falloon
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | - HC Lane
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | - D Rock
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | - L Ehler
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | | | - T McClain
- (Denver Infectious Disease Consultants, Denver, Col.)
| | - R Murphy
- (Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - P Milne
- (Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - W Powderly
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - J Aberg
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - M Klebert
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - M Conklin
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - D Ward
- (Dupont Circle Physician's Group, Washington, DC)
| | - L Green
- (Dupont Circle Physician's Group, Washington, DC)
| | - B Stearn
- (Dupont Circle Physician's Group, Washington, DC)
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Trallero G, Casas I, Avellón A, Pérez C, Tenorio A, De La Loma A. First epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 13 among Spanish children. Epidemiol Infect 2003; 130:251-6. [PMID: 12729193 PMCID: PMC2869960 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802008191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Echoviruses are the commonest cause of aseptic meningitis (AM). Echovirus type 13 (EV-13) was the second enterovirus serotype associated with different local outbreaks of AM in Spain between February and October 2000. It was the first time that an epidemic AM caused by this virus was recognized in Spain. The index case appeared in the Canary Islands (Canarias). The EV-13 virus was isolated from 135 patients, predominantly from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). All isolates were from children under 13 years. The age specific peak incidence was in infants under 1 year. Most patients had fever, headache and other meningeal signs. This enterovirus serotype, not previously detected in Spain, caused severe illness with a high attack rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trallero
- C.N. de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Hernández Losa J, Fernandez-Soria V, Parada C, Sanchez-Prieto R, Ramón Y Cajal S, Fedele CG, Tenorio A. JC virus and human colon carcinoma: an intriguing and inconclusive association. Gastroenterology 2003; 124:268-9; author reply 269-70. [PMID: 12512060 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2003.50033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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30
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Palacios G, Casas I, Cisterna D, Trallero G, Tenorio A, Freire C. Molecular epidemiology of echovirus 30: temporal circulation and prevalence of single lineages. J Virol 2002; 76:4940-9. [PMID: 11967311 PMCID: PMC136144 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.10.4940-4949.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Echovirus 30 (EV30) is one of the most frequently isolated EVs, causing extensive outbreaks of EV30 aseptic meningitis in temperate climates. EV30 is antigenically heterogeneous, and three major antigenic groups have been defined, although the basis for the antigenic differences is unknown. A reverse transcription-nested PCR which amplifies the 3'-terminal region of the VP1 gene directly from clinical samples was selected for studying EV30 molecular epidemiology, since the major antigenic sites in this region reflect the serotypic pattern of this virus. The different previous approaches to the genetic classification of EV30 were analyzed. A complete study of the EV30 strains was performed by analyzing the sequences from the 112 EV30 strains amplified in this work and the complete set of EV30 strains previously published. A total of 318 strains of EV30 were divided into two broad genotypes (I and II). This classification was supported by the phylogenetic trees obtained from amino acid sequences, and it correlated with the antigenic heterogeneity of the reference strains described in earlier studies. The genotypes could be further divided into subgroups, and these subgroups could be divided into lineages based on their nucleotide distances and levels of bootstrapping. On the other hand, the subgroups and lineages did not result in the same correlation between amino acid and nucleotide differentiation. The molecular epidemiology of EV30 can be compared to influenza virus epidemiology, where prevailing lineages displace the less established lineages on the basis of immune escape. This pattern of evolution is clearly different from that of other enteroviruses. A single lineage at a time appears to be circulating worldwide. This behavior may be related to the epidemic activity of EV30.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palacios
- Neurovirosis Division, Virology Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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31
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Palacios G, Casas I, Tenorio A, Freire C. Molecular identification of enterovirus by analyzing a partial VP1 genomic region with different methods. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:182-92. [PMID: 11773114 PMCID: PMC120085 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.1.182-192.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
VP1 is the most suitable region for use in the identification of enterovirus. Although VP1 sequencing methods may vary, it is necessary to agree on a common strategy of sequence analysis. Identification of a strain type may be achieved by three different approaches: pairwise sequence alignment, multiple-sequence alignment, and phylogenetic inference. Other methods are also available, but they are not simple enough to be performed at a virology laboratory. The performances of these methods were evaluated with nucleotide and protein sequences obtained from 32 original samples, 8 enterovirus isolates, and 64 GenBank sequences. Pairwise sequence alignment methods had very different results. The DNASTAR package identified only 28.8% of enterovirus strains, while the Genetics Computer Group package identified 50.0 or 72.1% of enterovirus strains when nucleotide or amino acid sequences were analyzed, respectively. Multiple-sequence alignment methods identified 94.2% (Clustal W program) or 92.3% (Pileup program) of the enterovirus strains, while the phylogenetic method increased this rate to 99.0%. Comparative evaluation of these analysis methods showed that the Clustal W program (version 1.81), a freely available multiple-sequence alignment program, presented one of the best performances when used with the correct criteria. Other commercial and expensive programs did not achieve the same performances, making them less suitable for molecular typing of enteroviruses. Finally, although phylogenetic inference is the most demanding method in terms of knowledge of the user, it remained the best option analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palacios
- Neurovirosis Division, Virology Department, National Institute for Infectious Disease, Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Casas I, Palacios GF, Trallero G, Cisterna D, Freire MC, Tenorio A. Molecular characterization of human enteroviruses in clinical samples: comparison between VP2, VP1, and RNA polymerase regions using RT nested PCR assays and direct sequencing of products. J Med Virol 2001; 65:138-48. [PMID: 11505456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Three nested RT-PCR assays were developed to permit sensitive typing of enteroviruses directly from clinical samples. These assays amplified short fragments from different genomic regions codifying for three proteins: VP2, VP1, and RNA polymerase. Given that enteroviruses have a high rate of degeneration within target codons among serotypes, the primers used consisted of mixed base and deoxyinosine residues. These techniques detected at 0.03-0.003 TCID50 of prototype Poliovirus 1 and Echovirus 30. They were used to characterize the enteroviral RNA detected in 18 CSF, stool, and throw swab samples and in 8 enterovirus isolates from patients with several syndromes. Phylogenetic analysis in each independent sequenced region grouped the enterovirus into four clusters, enabling genetic classification. A comparative study was performed among the 26 sequences obtained after direct sequencing of products with those available in the nucleotide databases. The efficiency of each assay for enterovirus identification was evaluated by both distance (Clustal) and similarity (M-NW) indices. Comparative results obtained independently in the three regions showed the highest yield of correlation between nucleotide sequences of all prototype serotypes and the analyzed genotypes in the VP1 region (26/26, 100% Clustal; 22/26, 85% M-NW). Conversely, the VP2 region failed to identify some of the circulating enteroviruses (17/26, 65% Clustal; 16/26, 62% M-NW). Using the RNA polymerase region, sequences from samples and isolates were associated with prototype strains whenever these were available (20/21, 95% Clustal; 12/21, 57% M-NW). These assays were useful for molecular identification of enterovirus directly from samples even when isolation was not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Casas
- Service of Diagnostic Microbiology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Sánchez-Seco MP, Rosario D, Quiroz E, Guzmán G, Tenorio A. A generic nested-RT-PCR followed by sequencing for detection and identification of members of the alphavirus genus. J Virol Methods 2001; 95:153-61. [PMID: 11377722 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive nested RT-PCR method was developed for the detection of members of the alphavirus genus. Based on available sequences, degenerated primers were selected in the nsP4 gene. Reaction components and thermal cycling parameters were investigated and standardised, and optimal ones were selected. As few as 25 pfu/tube could be detected. The identities of the amplified fragments were confirmed by sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. The resulting phylogenetic tree could be applied to classify every alphavirus according to its serogroup. This technique is suitable for rapid, sensitive and reliable detection of these viruses and may be very valuable for diagnostic applications and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sánchez-Seco
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Martinez-Vazquez C, Potel C, Angulo M, Gonzalez-Carreró J, Alvarez M, Tenorio A, Cid D, Oliveira I. Nosocomial Kikuchi's disease--a search for herpesvirus sequences in lymph node tissues using PCR. Infection 2001; 29:143-7. [PMID: 11440384 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-001-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi's disease (KD), is a rare disease. Fever and lymphadenopathies with characteristic pathologic features are present. The etiology of this disease remains undetermined. Since the disorder is self-limiting, different viruses have been implicated as the causative agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seven cases of KD were studied. Three patients acquired the disease nosocomially, three had community-acquired KD and one case was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. PCR was performed on DNA extracted from lymph node tissues in order to detect herpesvirus-specific DNA sequences: herpes simpLex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV1-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). RESULTS Viral DNA was not detected in any of the lymph node tissues from the seven cases of KD. CONCLUSION We conclude that these herpesviruses were not involved in the etiology of the three cases of nosocomial KD, nor in the other four cases of KD investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martinez-Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Xeral de Vigo, Universidad de Santiago, Spain.
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35
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Casas I, Palacios G, Trallero G, Cisterna D, Freire M, Tenorio A. Molecular characterization of human enteroviruses in clinical samples: Comparison between VP2, VP1, and RNA polymerase regions using RT nested PCR assays and direct sequencing of products. J Med Virol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Torre-Cisneros J, Pozo F, Serrano R, Vidal E, Rivero A, Tenorio A. Patterns of lymphotropic herpesvirus viraemia in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and liposomal daunorubicin. AIDS 2000; 14:2215-7. [PMID: 11061671 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200009290-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Quereda C, Corral I, Laguna F, Valencia ME, Tenorio A, Echeverria JE, Navas E, Martín-Dávila P, Moreno A, Moreno V, Gonzalez-Lahoz JM, Arribas JR, Guerrero A. Diagnostic utility of a multiplex herpesvirus PCR assay performed with cerebrospinal fluid from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with neurological disorders. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3061-7. [PMID: 10921978 PMCID: PMC87185 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.8.3061-3067.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a multiplex nested-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of five human herpesviruses (HVs) (cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], varicella-zoster virus [VZV], herpes simplex virus [HSV], and human herpesvirus 6 [HHV-6]) in a clinical evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with neurological disorders. This method, which has the advantages of being rapid and economical, would be of particular interest for the diagnosis of neurological syndromes caused by more than one HV. We studied 251 CSF samples from 219 patients. HV DNA was demonstrated in 93 (37%) of the CSF samples (34% of the patients). CMV was the HV most frequently detected in our patients (25%), while EBV, VZV, HSV, and HHV-6 DNAs were present in significantly fewer cases (7, 4, 3, and 1%, respectively). When results were compared with the final etiological diagnoses of the patients, the multiplex HV PCR showed high specificity for the diagnosis of CMV and VZV neurological diseases and for cerebral lymphoma (0.95, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively). The sensitivity of the assay was high for CMV disease (0.87), was low for cerebral lymphoma (0.33), and was not evaluable for VZV disease due to the small number of patients with this diagnosis. Nevertheless, detection of VZV DNA had possible diagnostic value in four of the nine cases, and EBV DNA amplification always predicted the diagnosis of cerebral lymphoma in patients with cerebral masses. Detection of HSV DNA was frequently associated with CMV amplification and fatal encephalitis. HHV-6 was not considered to have a pathogenetic role in the three cases in which it was detected. This multiplex HV PCR assay is a specific and clinically useful method for the evaluation of HIV-infected patients with neurological disorders related to HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quereda
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034-Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Pozo F, Tenorio A, de la Mata M, de Ory F, Torre-Cisneros J. Persistent human herpesvirus 8 viremia before Kaposi's sarcoma development in a liver transplant recipient. Transplantation 2000; 70:395-7. [PMID: 10933172 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200007270-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HHV8 DNA has been detected in essentially all Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions investigated, including those associated with transplantation. However, the possibility of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) detection in serum before appearing in the tumor is unknown. We therefore studied the natural history of HHV8 infection in a liver transplant recipient who developed KS 9 months after receiving the hepatic allograft. The presence of HHV8 DNA was retrospectively analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction in frozen stored follow-up serum specimens and KS tissues (skin and lymph node biopsies). Although KS was diagnosed the day +279 posttransplant by histopathological examination of KS tissues, retrospective analysis showed that HHV8 DNA was present in all successive serum specimens taken from the day +119 onward. Accordingly, asymptomatic and persistent HHV8 viremia may precede the appearance of typical KS lesions. Monitoring transplant recipients for HHV8 could be useful for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pozo
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Abstract
A new method to quantitate small amounts of DNA in clinical specimens is described. The method, a nested competitive polymerase chain reaction (ncPCR), is able to quantitate between 10 and 10(6) copies per tube of polyomavirus DNA and shows good reproducibility when clinical samples are analysed. Throughout the whole procedure, an internal standard (IS) competes for the primers with the target DNA. The internal standard, a heterologous sequence containing the four primer recognition sites, was constructed using a modification of the 'MIMIC' approach that is useful for obtaining competitor sequences for any viral, bacterial or eukaryotic target. The ncPCR method for polyomavirus was applied to cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and urine specimens from bone marrow transplant patients affected by haemorrhagic cystitis. The results obtained suggest that the ncPCR method is a sensitive and useful method for quantitating genomic load in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Fedele
- Diagnostic Microbiology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Trallero G, Casas I, Tenorio A, Echevarria JE, Castellanos A, Lozano A, Breña PP. Enteroviruses in Spain: virological and epidemiological studies over 10 years (1988-97). Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124:497-506. [PMID: 10982074 PMCID: PMC2810936 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268899003726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 15,662 clinical samples were analysed for enterovirus (EV) isolation in cell cultures during a 10-year period (1988-97). Furthermore, 210 isolates of EV obtained in primary laboratories within Spain from patients with meningitis were characterized. The total number of EV typed was 758, including 727 non-polio EV and 31 Sabin-like (SL) polioviruses. Twenty-eight EV serotypes were represented. Echoviruses comprised 90% (653/727) of fully typed non-polio EV. The four most prevalent serotypes were echovirus 30, echovirus 9, echovirus 6 and echovirus 4. Echovirus 30 was the main serotype associated with meningitis. Echovirus 9 was the aetiological agent in 20 outbreaks of meningitis while the occurrence of echovirus 6 was localized in 1 year (1997). Coxsackieviruses A and B occurred in 3 and 7% of the non-polio EV respectively. Coxsackievirus B5 presented the relative greater abundance. This paper examines the epidemiology of EV in Spain to serotype level over a 10-year period with special attention to non-polio EV associated with meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trallero
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Kouri V, Resik S, Tenorio A, Suárez C, García S. [Meningoencephalitis caused by Herpesviridae family virus in Cuba. 1996-1998]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2000; 32:77-82. [PMID: 10885007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus isolation from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has proven not to be very useful because of its low sensitivity; that is the reason why PCR has considerably improved the diagnosis of several viral infections of the central nervous system. We studied, by means of PCR, 253 CSF received in our laboratory from 1996 to 1998, which had a suspected diagnosis of herpesviral-associated neurologic disease (encephalitits or meningoencephalitis). Of these, 182 were from HIV seropositive patients and the other 71 were from HIV seronegative. The percentage of all positive cases was 22.5% in AIDS patients and CMV was the virus most frequently detected (13.7%). We detected a percentage of 29.5 of positive cases in immunocompetent individuals, being HSV the virus most frequently found. Other herpesviruses (varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6) were also detected in some cases in both groups. Finally, we obtained clinical data from all positive patients and established a relationship with PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kouri
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
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42
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Villota Arrieta J, de la Loma Danilova A, García López M, de Ory Manchón F, Mellado Peña M, Pérez Jurado M, Tenorio A, Martín Fontelos P. Parotiditis aguda por virus de Epstein-Barr. An Pediatr (Barc) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(00)77295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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43
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Villota Arrieta J, de la Loma Danilova A, García López M, de Ory Manchón F, Mellado Peña MJ, Pérez Jurado ML, Tenorio A, Martín Fontelos P. [Acute parotitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus]. An Esp Pediatr 2000; 52:65-6. [PMID: 11003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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44
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Cotarelo M, Catalán P, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Menasalvas A, Cercenado E, Tenorio A, Bouza E. Cytopathic effect inhibition assay for determining the in-vitro susceptibility of herpes simplex virus to antiviral agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44:705-8. [PMID: 10552991 DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.5.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We compare a rapid dilution method for the determination of antiviral susceptibility of herpes simplex virus (HSV) with the plaque reduction assay. A total of 84 HSV clinical isolates were studied by both methods to detect in-vitro resistance to acyclovir and foscarnet. The rapid method showed for the detection of HSV isolates resistant to acyclovir and foscarnet, a sensitivity of 96. 8% and 100% and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. This method provides an easy and accurate screening procedure for the susceptibility testing of HSV to antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cotarelo
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas-VIH, Hospital General Universitario 'Gregorio Marañón', Madrid, Spain
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45
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Fedele CG, Ciardi M, Delia S, Echevarria JM, Tenorio A. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection and typing of polyomavirus JC, BK and SV40 DNA in clinical samples. J Virol Methods 1999; 82:137-44. [PMID: 10894630 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel multiplex nested PCR (nPCR) method was developed for detecting and differentiating simultaneously the DNA of polyomaviruses JC, BK and SV40 in a single tube. In the first amplification step the same set of primers were used to amplify a conserved DNA region of the large T antigen gene of JCV, BKV and SV40. The second round of multiplex nPCR was carried out using a set of primers designed to render products of different size for each related virus. The thermocycling parameters and concentration of each reaction component were optimised systematically to achieve optimal specificity and sensitivity for the nPCR assay. The sensitivity of the method ranged between one and 10 copies of polyomavirus genome. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined from AIDS patients with clinical and neuroradiological evidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and CSF from AIDS patients with other neurological alterations. Urine specimens from bone marrow transplant recipients affected by haemorrhagic cystitis were also tested. The results obtained suggest that the assay is a good tool for supporting the diagnosis of polyomavirus infection and could be used for epidemiological purposes and in other studies in order to define better the role of polyomaviruses in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Fedele
- Diagnostic Microbiology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Echevarría JM, de Ory F, Echevarría C, Lozano A, Tenorio A. [Re-emergence of acute lymphocytic meningitis caused by mumps virus in Spain]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1999; 17:373-4. [PMID: 10535201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Echevarría
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
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47
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Muir P, Ras A, Klapper PE, Cleator GM, Korn K, Aepinus C, Fomsgaard A, Palmer P, Samuelsson A, Tenorio A, Weissbrich B, van Loon AM. Multicenter quality assessment of PCR methods for detection of enteroviruses. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1409-14. [PMID: 10203496 PMCID: PMC84788 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.5.1409-1414.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a multicenter evaluation of commercial and in-house PCR methods for the detection of enteroviruses. Three coded panels of test and control RNA samples, artificial clinical specimens, and representative enterovirus serotypes were used to assess amplification methods, RNA extraction methods, and reactivities with different enterovirus serotypes. Despite several differences between PCR methods, there was good agreement, although some variation in sensitivity was observed. Most PCR methods were able to detect enterovirus RNA derived from 0.01 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) and were able to detect at least 1 TCID50 of enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid, stool, or throat swab specimens. Most were also able to detect a wide range of enterovirus serotypes, although serotypic identification was not possible. Some laboratories experienced false-positive results due to PCR contamination, which appeared to result mainly from cross-contamination of specimens during RNA extraction. Provided that this problem is overcome, these PCR methods will prove to be a sensitive and rapid alternative to cell culture for the diagnosis of enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muir
- Department of Virology, Guy's, King's College & St Thomas' Hospitals' School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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48
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Abstract
A multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the simultaneous detection and typing of all human lymphotropic herpesviruses described to date, including Ebstein Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6, variants A and B (HHV6-A, HHV6-B), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a highly conserved region within the DNA polymerase gene. Each reaction component and thermal cycling parameters were thoroughly standardized to achieve optimal specificity and sensitivity for the PCR assay, which was estimated at about 10-100 molecules for each virus. An internal control, consisting of 100 molecules of a cloned fragment of the porcine pseudorabies herpesvirus (PrV) genome, was included to detect false negative results. To assess suitability and clinical application of the multiplex PCR method, a total of 35 well-characterized specimens, including Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and urine samples, were tested. Results obtained suggest this technique could be applied as a sole diagnostic tool in several clinical settings in which herpesviral infection is suspected and differential diagnosis required, avoiding the need to test specimens by separate PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pozo
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The diagnosis of a wide range of different neurological syndromes was established by a reverse transcription multiplex PCR assay. The presence of enterovirus and herpesviruses was studied in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected prospectively from 200 patients hospitalized with neurological diseases suspected of viral infection. Positive PCR results for enterovirus and neurotropic herpesvirus (herpes simplex, HSV, and varicella zoster, VZV) were obtained among the immunocompetent patients (55/156, 35%) who presented aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. Among immunocompromised patients the yield of positive PCR results was 41% (18/44), predominantly lymphotropic herpesviruses (15/44, 34%). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was detected in patients with several clinical syndromes, including encephalitis, chronic meningitis, retinitis, ventriculitis, polyradiculomyelitis, and myeloradiculitis. Epstein-Barr (EBV) and VZV-specific DNA sequences were detected in patients with either encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and chronic meningitis. Dual infections of CMV and HSV or CMV and EBV were established in two AIDS patients with encephalitis and polyradiculomyelitis, respectively. The applications of this RT multiplex PCR assay are extensive and may prove to be particularly valuable for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of neurological diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Casas
- Service of Diagnostic Microbiology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Pozo F, Casas I, Tenorio A, Trallero G, Echevarria JM. Evaluation of a commercially available reverse transcription-PCR assay for diagnosis of enteroviral infection in archival and prospectively collected cerebrospinal fluid specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:1741-5. [PMID: 9620411 PMCID: PMC104911 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.6.1741-1745.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A commercially available reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method (AMPLICOR EV; Roche Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Branchburg, N.J.) was evaluated for detection of enteroviruses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological disease. This assay was compared with virus isolation in cell culture and an in-house RT-PCR method designed with a nonoverlapping region of the enteroviral genome. A panel of 200 cerebrospinal fluid specimens prospectively collected from patients with a wide variety of neurological symptoms, including 50 patients involved in three different outbreaks of acute aseptic meningitis, was assayed. A second panel of 97 archived cerebrospinal fluid specimens, stored for 2 to 5 years, from patients with aseptic meningitis associated with several enterovirus outbreaks was also studied. From the first panel, enteroviruses were detected in 13 of 50 specimens by cell culture (26%), in 43 of 50 specimens by AMPLICOR EV (86%), and in 46 of 50 specimens by the in-house assay (92%) from patients with aseptic meningitis associated with outbreak and 1 of 29, 3 of 29, and 4 of 29 specimens, respectively, from sporadic cases of aseptic meningitis. The remaining 121 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with other neurological syndromes were negative by all tests. From the second panel, enteroviral RNA was detected by the AMPLICOR test (31 of 97 specimens, 32%) and the in-house assay (39 of 97 specimens, 40%). According to our results, patients with aseptic meningitis should be analyzed for enteroviral infection in cerebrospinal fluid by RT-PCR methods, and the AMPLICOR EV test is a suitable tool for performing such studies. Archival cerebrospinal fluid specimens are less suitable for evaluation of the performance of RT-PCR methods designed for enterovirus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pozo
- Diagnostic Microbiology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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