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Kluczyk-Korch K, Palazzo D, Waag A, Diéguez A, Prades JD, Di Carlo A, der Maur MA. Optical design of InGaN/GaN nanoLED arrays on a chip: toward: highly resolved illumination. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:105203. [PMID: 33232943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcd60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical laws of diffraction limit the spatial resolution of optical systems. In contrary to most superresolution microscopy approaches used today, in our novel idea we are aiming to overcome this limit by developing a spatially resolved illumination source based on semiconductor nanoscale light emitting diode (nanoLED) arrays with individual pixel control. We present and discuss the results of optical simulations performed for such nanoLED emitter arrays and analyze the theoretical limits of this approach. As possible designs we study arrays of GaN nanofins and nanorods (obtained by etching nanofin arrays), with InGaN/GaN multi quantum wells embedded as active regions. We find that a suitable choice of the array dimensions leads to a reasonably directed light output and concentration of the optical power in the near field around an activated pixel. As a consequence, the spatial resolution for this type of microscopy should only be limited by the pixel pitch, and no longer by the optical diffraction. Realization of optimized nanoLED arrays has a potential to open new field of chip based superresolution microscopy, making super-high spatial resolution ubiquitously available.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kluczyk-Korch
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politechnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D Palazzo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politechnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A Waag
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, University of Technology Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology LENA, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Diéguez
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J D Prades
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Di Carlo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politechnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- ISM-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Auf der Maur
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politechnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Gurevich AS, Kochereshko VP, Bleuse J, Mariette H, Waag A, Akimoto R. Observation of interface carrier states in no-common-atom heterostructures ZnSe/BeTe. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:365707. [PMID: 21844640 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/36/365707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The existence of intrinsic carrier interface states in heterostructures with no common atom at the interface (such as ZnSe/BeTe) is shown experimentally by ellipsometry and photoluminescence spectroscopy. These states are located on interfaces and lie inside the effective bandgap of the structure; they are characterized by a high density and a long lifetime. A tight binding model confirms theoretically the existence of these states in ZnSe/BeTe heterostructures for a ZnTe-type interface, in contrast to the case of the BeSe-type interface for which they do not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gurevich
- A F Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St Petersburg, Russia
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Bergbauer W, Strassburg M, Kölper C, Linder N, Roder C, Lähnemann J, Trampert A, Fündling S, Li SF, Wehmann HH, Waag A. Continuous-flux MOVPE growth of position-controlled N-face GaN nanorods and embedded InGaN quantum wells. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:305201. [PMID: 20603534 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/305201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of N-face GaN nanorods by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE), using continuous-flux conditions. This is in contrast to other approaches reported so far, which have been based on growth modes far off the conventional growth regimes. For position control of nanorods an SiO(2) masking layer with a dense hole pattern on a c-plane sapphire substrate was used. Nanorods with InGaN/GaN heterostructures have been grown catalyst-free. High growth rates up to 25 microm h(-1) were observed and a well-adjusted carrier gas mixture between hydrogen and nitrogen enabled homogeneous nanorod diameters down to 220 nm with aspect ratios of approximately 8:1. The structural quality and defect progression within nanorods were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different emission energies for InGaN quantum wells (QWs) could be assigned to different side facets by room temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bergbauer
- Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Regensburg, Germany.
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Heuck N, Müller S, Palm G, Bakin A, Waag A. Swelling Phenomena in Sintered Silver Die Attach Structures at High Temperatures: Reliability Problems and Solutions for an Operation above 350°C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4071/hitec-nheuck-ta14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A very effective method to bond an electronic device to a substrate is the pressure assisted sintering of a sub-micron silver paste at temperatures between 150°C and 300°C. This technique-sometimes called “Silver-Sintering” or “Low Temperature Joining Technique (LTJT)” is already used in many power electronics industry applications. It provides die attach layers with excellent pull-strength of more than 100 MPa at room temperature and 30 MPa at 300°C. Additionally the electrical and thermal conductivity is nearly as good as it is in pure silver. Such sintered die attach layers are said to be stable up to temperatures above 500°C, but no detailed investigations in this temperature range are available up to now. Our recent investigations by shear- tests on monometallic chip/substrate-samples and dilatometer measurements showed a non-linear thermal expansion of the sintered structures above 350°C including a strong irreversible expansion of the whole sintered structure after long term heat treatments. Beyond the investigations on the swelling effect itself we present studies on the relationship between the expansion of the sintered layer and the resulting layer properties. Finally we discuss possibilities to take advantage out of this effect and additionally analyze options to reduce the swelling by adding SiC-particles to the silver paste. As a result, we demonstrate that swelling of the silver paste has to be taken into consideration when silver sintering is to be used for device operation temperatures above 350°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Heuck
- 1Institute for Semiconductor-Technology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Müller
- 2Institute of Joining and Welding, Braunschweig University of Technology, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - G. Palm
- 1Institute for Semiconductor-Technology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. Bakin
- 1Institute for Semiconductor-Technology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. Waag
- 1Institute for Semiconductor-Technology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Willander M, Nur O, Zhao QX, Yang LL, Lorenz M, Cao BQ, Zúñiga Pérez J, Czekalla C, Zimmermann G, Grundmann M, Bakin A, Behrends A, Al-Suleiman M, El-Shaer A, Che Mofor A, Postels B, Waag A, Boukos N, Travlos A, Kwack HS, Guinard J, Le Si Dang D. Zinc oxide nanorod based photonic devices: recent progress in growth, light emitting diodes and lasers. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:332001. [PMID: 19636090 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/33/332001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO), with its excellent luminescent properties and the ease of growth of its nanostructures, holds promise for the development of photonic devices. The recent advances in growth of ZnO nanorods are discussed. Results from both low temperature and high temperature growth approaches are presented. The techniques which are presented include metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), vapour phase epitaxy (VPE), pulse laser deposition (PLD), vapour-liquid-solid (VLS), aqueous chemical growth (ACG) and finally the electrodeposition technique as an example of a selective growth approach. Results from structural as well as optical properties of a variety of ZnO nanorods are shown and analysed using different techniques, including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL), for both room temperature and for low temperature performance. These results indicate that the grown ZnO nanorods possess reproducible and interesting optical properties. Results on obtaining p-type doping in ZnO micro- and nanorods are also demonstrated using PLD. Three independent indications were found for p-type conducting, phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods: first, acceptor-related CL peaks, second, opposite transfer characteristics of back-gate field effect transistors using undoped and phosphorus doped wire channels, and finally, rectifying I-V characteristics of ZnO:P nanowire/ZnO:Ga p-n junctions. Then light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on n-ZnO nanorods combined with different technologies (hybrid technologies) are suggested and the recent electrical, as well as electro-optical, characteristics of these LEDs are shown and discussed. The hybrid LEDs reviewed and discussed here are mainly presented for two groups: those based on n-ZnO nanorods and p-type crystalline substrates, and those based on n-ZnO nanorods and p-type amorphous substrates. Promising electroluminescence characteristics aimed at the development of white LEDs are demonstrated. Although some of the presented LEDs show visible emission for applied biases in excess of 10 V, optimized structures are expected to provide the same emission at much lower voltage. Finally, lasing from ZnO nanorods is briefly reviewed. An example of a recent whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing from ZnO is demonstrated as a way to enhance the stimulated emission from small size structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Willander
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
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Schlenker E, Bakin A, Weimann T, Hinze P, Weber DH, Gölzhäuser A, Wehmann HH, Waag A. On the difficulties in characterizing ZnO nanowires. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:365707. [PMID: 21828888 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/36/365707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of single ZnO nanowires grown by vapor phase transport were investigated. While some samples were contacted by Ti/Au electrodes, another set of samples was investigated using a manipulator tip in a low energy electron point-source microscope. The deduced resistivities range from 1 to 10(3) Ωcm. Additionally, the resistivities of nanowires from multiple publications were brought together and compared to the values obtained from our measurements. The overview of all data shows enormous differences (10(-3)-10(5) Ωcm) in the measured resistivities. In order to reveal the origin of the discrepancies, the influence of growth parameters, measuring methods, contact resistances, crystal structures and ambient conditions are investigated and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schlenker
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology, Technical University Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Bakin A, El-Shaer A, Mofor AC, Al-Suleiman M, Schlenker E, Waag A. ZnMgO-ZnO quantum wells embedded in ZnO nanopillars: Towards realisation of nano-LEDs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200673557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Mofor AC, Reuss F, El-Shaer A, Ahlers H, Siegner U, Bakin A, Limmer W, Eisenmenger J, Mueller T, Ziemann P, Waag A. A study of ZnMnO as a material for magneto- and spin-electronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200564648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kreye M, Postels B, Wehmann HH, Fuhrmann D, Hangleiter A, Waag A. Aqueous chemical growth and patterning of ZnO nanopillars on different substrate materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200564649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Mofor AC, Bakin AS, Elshaer A, Fuhrmann D, Bertram F, Hangleiter A, Christen J, Waag A. Catalyst-free vapor-phase transport growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on 6H-SiC and (11-20)Al2O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200564760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Yakovlev D, Kneip M, Maksimov A, Tartakovskii I, Bayer M, Keller D, Ossau W, Molenkamp L, Scherbakov A, Akimov A, Waag A. Spin and energy transfer between magnetic ions and freecarriers in diluted‐magnetic semiconductor heterostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200304288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.R. Yakovlev
- Experimental Physics 2, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Physico‐Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Kneip
- Experimental Physics 2, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A.A. Maksimov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - I.I. Tartakovskii
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - M. Bayer
- Experimental Physics 2, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D. Keller
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - W. Ossau
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L.W. Molenkamp
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A.V. Scherbakov
- Ioffe Physico‐Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A.V. Akimov
- Ioffe Physico‐Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Waag
- Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Puls J, Mikhailov GV, Henneberger F, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Faschinger W. Laser action of trions in a semiconductor quantum well. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:287402. [PMID: 12513179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.287402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2001] [Revised: 08/13/2002] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of optical gain and lasing at the trion transition of n-doped ZnSe quantum wells. Specifically, the (stimulated) emission-absorption net rate of this transition is controlled by the difference of trion and electron occupation in momentum space. As the mass of the trion is larger than that of the electron, gain occurs on the low-energy side of the line center without degeneracy and inversion in the total particle numbers. The scenario is reminiscent of a three-level system. At higher injection levels, carrier heating sets on and limits the available gain to values of about 10(4) cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Puls
- Institut für Physik der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Yakovlev DR, Platonov AV, Ivchenko EL, Kochereshko VP, Sas C, Ossau W, Hansen L, Waag A, Landwehr G, Molenkamp LW. Hidden in-plane anisotropy of interfaces in Zn(Mn)Se /BeTe quantum wells with a type-II band alignment. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:257401. [PMID: 12097127 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Circularly and linearly polarized radiation due to spatially indirect optical transitions is studied in semimagnetic (Zn,Mn)Se/BeTe and nonmagnetic ZnSe/BeTe quantum-well structures with a type-II band alignment. Because of the giant in-plane anisotropy of the optical matrix elements related to a particular interface, complete spin orientation of photocarriers induced by magnetic fields leads not to purely circular but instead to elliptical polarization of the luminescence. From comparison between theory and experiment the parameter of optical anisotropy of a ZnSe/BeTe interface is evaluated. The developed theoretical approach can be applied for the large class of nanostructures revealing optical anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Yakovlev
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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15
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Schikora D, Hankeln M, As DJ, Lischka K, Litz T, Waag A, Buhrow T, Henneberger F. Epitaxial growth and optical transitions of cubic GaN films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:R8381-R8384. [PMID: 9984600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r8381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kulakovskii VD, Tyazhlov MG, Filin AI, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Landwehr G. Hierarchy of relaxation times in the system of Mn-ion spins in photoexcited semimagnetic quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:R8333-R8336. [PMID: 9984588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r8333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Mackh G, Ossau W, Waag A, Landwehr G. Effect of the reduction of dimensionality on the exchange parameters in semimagnetic semiconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:R5227-R5230. [PMID: 9986575 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Kulakovskii VD, Tyazhlov MG, Dite AF, Filin AI, Forchel A, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Landwehr G. Interparticle interaction in spin-aligned and spin-degenerate exciton systems and magnetoplasmas in II-VI quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:4981-4987. [PMID: 9986461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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Reuscher G, Keim M, Fischer F, Waag A, Landwehr G. Resonant tunneling in CdTe/Cd1-xMgxTe double-barrier single-quantum-well heterostructures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:16414-16419. [PMID: 9983481 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Spiegel R, Bacher G, Herz K, Forchel A, Litz T, Waag A, Landwehr G. Recombination and thermal emission of excitons in shallow CdTe/Cd1-xMgxTe quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:4544-4548. [PMID: 9984010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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21
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Yakovlev DR, Mackh G, Kuhn-Heinrich B, Ossau W, Waag A, Landwehr G, Hellmann R, Göbel EO. Exciton magnetic polarons in short-period CdTe/Cd1-xMnxTe superlattices. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:12033-12038. [PMID: 9980344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Yakovlev DR, Ossau W, Waag A, Landwehr G, Ivchenko EL. Double 2s-1s resonance in LO-phonon-assisted secondary emission of quantum-well structures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:5773-5776. [PMID: 9981765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Hellmann R, Euteneuer A, Hense SG, Feldmann J, Thomas P, Göbel EO, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Landwehr G. Low-temperature anti-Stokes luminescence mediated by disorder in semiconductor quantum-well structures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:18053-18056. [PMID: 9978854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.18053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Stühler J, Schaack G, Dahl M, Waag A, Landwehr G, Kavokin KV, Merkulov IA. Multiple Mn2+-spin-flip Raman scattering at high fields via magnetic polaron states in semimagnetic quantum wells. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:2567-2570. [PMID: 10057960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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25
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Mackh G, Hilpert M, Yakovlev DR, Ossau W, Heinke H, Litz T, Fischer F, Waag A, Landwehr G, Hellmann R, Göbel EO. Exciton magnetic polarons in the semimagnetic alloys Cd1-x-yMnxMgyTe. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:14069-14076. [PMID: 9975623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Hellmann R, Cundiff ST, Koch M, Feldmann J, Göbel EO, Kuhn-Heinrich B, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Landwehr G. Exciton dynamics in disordered quantum wells: Localized and delocalized regimes. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:14651-14654. [PMID: 9975701 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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Mackh G, Ossau W, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Landwehr G, Hellmann R, Göbel EO. Localized exciton magnetic polarons in Cd1-xMnxTe. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:10248-10258. [PMID: 10009845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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28
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Stühler J, Hirsch M, Schaack G, Waag A. Raman spectroscopy of the paramagnetic spin flip in Cd1-xMnxTe, the role of band-gap excitons as intermediate states, and optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:7345-7356. [PMID: 10009472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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29
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Hirsch M, Meyer R, Waag A. Excitons as intermediate states in spin-flip Raman scattering of electrons bound to donors in Cd1-xMnxTe epilayers. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:5217-5224. [PMID: 10009036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hellmann R, Koch M, Feldmann J, Cundiff ST, Göbel EO, Yakovlev DR, Waag A, Landwehr G. Homogeneous linewidth of excitons in semimagnetic CdTe/Cd1-xMnxTe multiple quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:2847-2850. [PMID: 10008697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kavokin AV, Kochereshko VP, Posina GR, Uraltsev IN, Yakovlev DR, Landwehr G, Bicknell-Tassius RN, Waag A. Effect of the electron Coulomb potential on hole confinement in II-VI quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:9788-9791. [PMID: 10002795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ivchenko EL, Kavokin AV, Kochereshko VP, Posina GR, Uraltsev IN, Yakovlev DR, Bicknell-Tassius RN, Waag A, Landwehr G. Exciton oscillator strength in magnetic-field-induced spin superlattices CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:7713-7722. [PMID: 10002512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wu YS, Becker CR, Waag A, Kraus MM, Bicknell-Tassius RN, Landwehr G. Correlation of the Cd-to-Te ratio on CdTe surfaces with the surface structure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 44:8904-8911. [PMID: 9998849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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