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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Gottis S, Laurent R, Kovalenko VI. Vibrational spectroscopic investigation of the gold complexation within the cascade structure of phosphorus-containing dendrimer. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 203:118-126. [PMID: 29864635 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the phosphoric dendrimer with gold was performed by means of vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. Stable complexes are formed with a PN-PS linkage, whereas with an isolated PS bond this does not occur. The change in geometric parameters and delocalization of electric charge under the influence of gold was discovered. The classification of bands in the experimental vibrational spectra of the dendrimer and its complex was carried out. HOMO of molecule of the dendrimer is localized on the SPNP linkage, whereas the LUMO is located on the terminal group. In the SPNP linkage there is a noticeable delocalization of the charge which leads to a change in the reactivity of this group. Interaction energy was estimated as the difference between the energies of the complex and the energies of the molecules of the dendrimer G'0 and two molecules AuCl and is equal to 25.2 eV. The ionization energy IE and electron affinity EA for AuCl are higher than for dendrimer, therefore, when the complex is formed, these quantities increases. Chemical potential and the electrophilicity index in the complex also increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S Gottis
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - R Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, Karl Marx Str., Kazan 420015, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Tripathi V, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Vibrational spectroscopic study of cationic phosphorus dendrimers with aminoethylpiperidine terminal groups. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 194:211-221. [PMID: 29353217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two generations of phosphoric dendrimers with piperidine functional groups were synthesized for use in biology and medicine. Neutral samples are soluble in organic solvents but after protonation these dendrimers become water soluble and can be used for biological experiments. The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of two generations of dendrimers Gi constructed from the cyclotriphosphazene core, repeating units OC6H4CHNN(CH3)P(S)< and aminoethylpiperidine end groups NH(CH2)2C5NH11 were recorded. The study of the IR spectra shows that the NH groups form hydrogen bonds. The calculation of the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of the first generation dendrimer was performed by the method of DFT. This molecule has flat, repeating units and a plane of symmetry passing through the core. The calculation of the distribution of potential energy made it possible to classify the bands in the experimental spectra of dendrimers. Amine groups are manifested in the form of a band of NH stretching vibrations at 3389 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of G1. NH+ stretching bands located at 2646 and 2540 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of G2. The stretching vibrations of NH+ groups are noticeably shifted to low frequencies due to the formation of a hydrogen bond with the chlorine atom. The line at 1575 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum of G1 is characteristic for repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - V Tripathi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; Kazan National Research Technological University, 68, Karl Marx Str., Kazan 420015, Russia.
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Ielasi F, Ledall J, Anes AP, Fruchon S, Caminade AM, Poupot R, Turrin CO, Blanzat M. Influence of PPH dendrimers' surface functions on the activation of human monocytes: a study of their interactions with pure lipid model systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:21871-80. [PMID: 27435630 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of surface functions on the interactions between Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) PPH dendrimers and human monocytes is discussed on the basis of complementary biological and physicochemical studies on membrane models (monolayers and multi-lamellar vesicles). The studies were performed on both an active and non-toxic phosphonic acid capped dendrimer and a non-active but toxic carboxylic acid capped one. On the one hand, comparative studies of the behaviour of DPPC monolayers in the presence or absence of PPH dendrimers in the subphase showed differences in the phase transitions, highlighting interactions between both dendrimers and phospholipid monolayers, with a larger incidence for the carboxylic acid capped dendrimer (negative control), validating its cellular toxicity. On the other hand, comparative biological studies (activation of human monocytes and binding of fluorescent dendrimers on human monocytes) show the pre-eminence of phosphonic acid capped dendrimers towards specific binding and subsequent activation of human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ielasi
- Laboratoire IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - J Ledall
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France and Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM 1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - A Perez Anes
- Laboratoire IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - S Fruchon
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM 1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - A-M Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - R Poupot
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM 1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - C-O Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - M Blanzat
- Laboratoire IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Structure, IR and Raman spectra of phosphotrihydrazide studied by DFT. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 166:19-24. [PMID: 27179692 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT Raman measurements of the phosphotrihydrazide (S)P[N(Me)-NH2]3 have been performed. This compound is a zero generation dendrimer G0 with terminal amine groups. Structural optimization and normal mode analysis were obtained for G0 by the density functional theory (DFT). Optimized geometric bond length and angles obtained by DFT show good agreement with experiment. The amine terminal groups are characterized by the well-defined bands at 3321, 3238, 1614cm(-1) in the experimental IR spectrum and by bands at 3327, 3241cm(-1) in the Raman spectrum of G0. The experimental frequencies of asymmetric and symmetric NH2 stretching vibrations of amine group are lower than theoretical values due to intramolecular NH⋯S hydrogen bond. This hydrogen bond is also responsible for higher experimental infrared intensity of these bands as compared with theoretical values. Relying on DFT calculations a complete vibrational assignment is proposed for the studied dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, 1 Zelenaya, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Spectroscopic and molecular structure investigation of the phosphorus-containing G'2 dendrimer with terminal aldehyde groups using DFT method. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 137:220-226. [PMID: 25222317 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of the second generation dendrimer G'2 built from thiophosphoryl core with terminal aldehyde groups have been recorded. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for model compound C, consisting of thiophosphoryl core, one branch with three repeated units, and four 4-oxybenzaldehyde terminal groups on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) at the PBE/TZ2P level. The vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman intensities for the t,g,g- and t,-g,g-conformers of the terminal groups were calculated. The t,g,g-conformer is 2.0 kcal/mol less stable compared to t,-g,g-conformer. A reliable assignment of the fundamental bands observed in the experimental IR and Raman spectra of dendrimer was achieved. For the low generations (G'1 to G'3) the disk form of studied dendrimer molecules is the most probable. For higher generations, the shape of dendrimer molecules will be that of a cauliflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Fuchs S, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. DFT study of Raman spectra of hexakis(4-N'(-di(4-oxyphenethylamino)-(thio)phosphonyl)-N'-methyl-diazobenzene)cyclotriphosphazene. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 128:212-217. [PMID: 24667427 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The FT-Raman spectrum of the hexakis(4-N'(-di(4-oxyphenethylamino)-(thio)phosphonyl)-N'-methyl-diazobenzene)cyclotriphosphazene which is the first generation dendrimer G1 built from the cyclotriphosphazene core, six arms -O-C6H4-CH=N-N(CH3)-P(S)< and twelve 4-oxyphenethylamino terminal groups -O-C6H4-(CH2)2-NH2 G1 has been recorded. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for model compound C, consisting of cyclotriphosphazene core, one arm -O-C6H4-CH=N-N(CH3)-P(S)< and two 4-oxyphenethylamino terminal groups -O-C6H4-(CH2)2-NH2 on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) at the PBE/TZ2P level. The calculated geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies are predicted in good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that G1 has a concave lens structure with planar -O-C6H4-CH=N-N(CH3)-P(S)< fragments and slightly non-planar cyclotriphosphazene core. The 4-oxyphenethylamino groups attached to different arms show significant deviations from a symmetrical arrangement relative to the local planes of repeating units. The experimental Raman spectra of G1 dendron was interpreted by means of potential energy distribution. Relying on DFT calculations, as well as on experimental information, a spectral interpretation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - S Fuchs
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandukov AE, Katir N, Majoral JP, El Kadib A, Caminade AM, Bousmina M, Kovalenko VI. Structural and spectroscopic properties of the second generation phosphorus-viologen "molecular asterisk". Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:183-190. [PMID: 23832225 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of the second generation phosphorus-viologen "molecular asterisk" G2 built from cyclotriphosphazene core with 12 viologen units and 6 terminal phosphonate groups have been recorded and analyzed. The experimental X-ray data of 1,1-bis(4-formylbenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium bis(hexaflurophosphate) was used in molecular modeling studies. The optimization of isolated 1,1-bis(4-formylbenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (BFBP) molecule without counter ions PF6(-) does not lead to significant changes of dihedral angles, thus the molecular conformation does not depend on interactions with the counter ions. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for G2 on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies are predicted in a good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that G2 has a kind of "egg timer" structure with planar OC6H4CHNN(CH3) fragments and slightly non-planar cyclotriphosphazene core. The experimental IR and Raman spectra of G2 were interpreted by means of potential energy distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, 1 Zelenaya, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Fuchs S, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. DFT study of Raman spectra of phosphorus-containing dendrons built from cyclotriphosphazene core with terminal carbamate and ester groups. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 120:195-200. [PMID: 24184621 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The FT Raman spectra of the zero (Gv0) and first generations (Gv1) of phosphorus-containing dendrons with terminal carbamate groups and one ester function and [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (C) have been recorded and analyzed. The lines of free ν(C=O) bonds are not observed in the experimental Raman spectrum of C and thus association of carbamate groups by hydrogen bonds occur. The frequencies of ν(C=O) lines in the experimental Raman spectrum reveal the presence of the different types of H-bonds in the amorphous state of Gv0. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of C gave geometrical parameters for the t-g-, g-g-, tg-, gg-conformers. The most stable is the gg-conformer. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for dendrons on the basis of the DFT. The calculated geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and Raman intensities are predicted in a good agreement with the experimental data. The experimental Raman spectra of dendrons were interpreted by means of potential energy distribution. Relying on DFT calculations the lines of a core, repeating units and terminal groups of dendrons were assigned. The polarizabilities and lipophilicity of dendrons were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
| | - A E Vandyukov
- AE Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - S Fuchs
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J P Majoral
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A M Caminade
- Laboratorie de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V I Kovalenko
- AE Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Fuchs S, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. DFT study of structure, IR and Raman spectra of the first generation dendron built from cyclotriphosphazene core with terminal carbamate and ester groups. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 91:97-105. [PMID: 22366619 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the first generation dendron built from the cyclotriphosphazene core, five arms -O-C(6)H(4)-CH=N-N(CH(3))-P(S) 2 bonds on the righthand side with ten carbamate terminal groups and one ester function G(v1) have been recorded. The IR and Raman spectra of the zero generation dendron G(v0) and first generation dendrimer G(1) with the same core and terminal groups were also examined. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for dendron G(v1) on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies are predicted in a good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that G(v1) has a concave lens structure with planar -O-C(6)H(4)-CH=N-N(CH(3))-P(S) 2 bonds on the righhand side fragments and slightly non-planar cyclotriphosphazene core. The carbamate groups attached to different arms show significant deviations from a symmetrical arrangement relative to the local planes of repeating units. The experimental IR spectrum of G(v1) dendron was interpreted by means of potential energy distributions. The strong band 1604 cm(-1) shows marked changes of the optical density in dependence of the carbamate, ester or azomethyne substituents in the aromatic ring. The frequencies of ν(N-H) and ν(C=O) bands in the IR spectra reveal the presence of the different types of H-bonds in the studied dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Gomulak P, Klajnert B, Bryszewska M, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Blasiak J. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cationic phosphorus-containing dendrimers. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:6233-6240. [PMID: 23092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cationic phosphorus-containing dendrimers (CPDs) are a class of highly-branched polymers with potential medical relevance. However, little is known about CPD modes of interactions with cell and its components, including DNA. In the present work we investigated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CPDs generation 3 and 4 (CPD G3 and CPD G4) in human mononuclear blood cells, A549 human cancer cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). CPD G3 and CPD G4 at concentrations up to 10 μM induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability as assessed by flow cytometry. Both compounds did not induce breaks in isolated DNA as evaluated by the plasmid relaxation assay but they induced DNA cross-links in the cells, as examined by comet assay. CPD G3 and 4 induced slight perturbations in the cell cycle leading to a decrease in the G2/M cell population accompanied by an increase in the S cell population. Upon treatment with CPDs, the cells showed changes in their morphology, including loss of cell attachment, disruption of cell membrane and nucleus condensation. Our results indicate that CPD G3 and G4 are cytotoxic and genotoxic for the assorted human cells. Therefore, CPDs may form stable complexes with DNA and interfere with cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gomulak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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Furer VL, Vandyukova II, Vandyukov AE, Fuchs S, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Vibrational spectra study of fluorescent dendrimers built from the cyclotriphosphazene core with terminal dansyl and carbamate groups. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 79:462-470. [PMID: 21531617 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of the "Janus"-type dendrimers, possessing five carbamate groups on one side and five fluorescent dansyl derivatives on the other side, with amide G(1) and hydrazone G(2) central linkages were studied. These surface-block dendrimers are obtained by the coupling of two different dendrons. The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the zero generation dendrons, built from the hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core, with five dansyl terminal groups and one carbamate G(0v) and one oxybenzaldehyde function G(0v)' have been recorded. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for dendron G(0v)' on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies are predicted in a good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that dendron molecule G(0v)' has a concave lens structure with planar -O-C(6)H(4)-CHO fragments and slightly non-planar cyclotriphosphazene core. The experimental IR and Raman spectra of dendron G(0v)' were interpreted by means of potential energy distributions. Relying on DFT calculations a complete vibrational assignment is proposed. The strong band 1597 cm(-1) show marked changes of the optical density in dependence of substituents in the aromatic ring. The frequencies of ν(N-H) bands in the IR spectra reveal the presence of the different types of H-bonds in the dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Raman spectroscopy study of phosphorus-containing dendrimers built from thiophosphoryl core. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 76:276-282. [PMID: 20399138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The FT-Raman spectra of 10 generations of phosphorus-containing dendrimers containing P=S and P=O bonds with terminal benzaldehyde and P-Cl groups have been recorded and analyzed. The Raman spectra of dendrimers are determined by the ratio T(n)/R(n) (T(n)--number of terminal groups, R(n)--number of repeating units). This ratio trends to r-1 (r--branching functionality of repeating unit), and becomes constant, when the generation number is higher than 3. The lines full width at half height in Raman spectra of 10 generations was measured. The possibility appears to separate the lines assigned to the core, repeating units and terminal groups of dendrimers by difference spectroscopy method. The influence of the encirclement on the line frequencies and intensities was studied and due to the predictable, controlled and reproducible structure of dendrimers the information, usually inaccessible is obtained. Some lines in the Raman difference spectra have characteristic EPR-like form. The strong line at 1600 cm(-1) show marked changes of intensity in dependence of aldehyde (-CH=O) or azomethyne (-CH=N) substituents in the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukova II, Pla-Quintana A, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. IR spectroscopy investigation using DFT analysis on the structure of P(1) phosphorus dendrimer built from octasubstituted metal-free phthalocyanine core. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 72:636-642. [PMID: 19109053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The IR spectra of P(1) phosphorus dendrimer built from an octasubstituted metal-free phthalocyanine core have been recorded in the region 4000-400cm(-1). Besides the phthalocyanine core, P(1) possess also eight C(6)H(4)-CHN-N(CH(3))-P(S) arms and terminal P-Cl groups. The optimized molecular geometry, frequency and intensity of the IR bands have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The P(1) molecules exist in a stable conformation with planar C(6)H(4)-CHN-N(CH(3))- fragments and phthalocyanine core. The calculated geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies are predicted in a good agreement with the experimental data. The experimental IR spectrum of P(1) dendrimer was interpreted by means of potential energy distributions. Relying on DFT calculations a complete vibrational assignment is proposed. The difference IR spectra of molecules built from the thiophosphoryl, cyclotriphosphazene, and phthalocyanine cores with the same repeated units and terminal groups were studied in order to undermine the role of the core functionality on the dendrimer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukova II, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. FTIR and FT-Raman spectra and DFT vibrational analysis of phosphorus-containing dendrons. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 71:1110-1118. [PMID: 18479960 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of four generations of phosphorus-containing dendrons with terminal aldehyde or PCl groups have been recorded and analyzed. Their spectral patterns are determined by the ratio T/R (T, the number of terminal groups; R, the number of repeated units). Bands assigned to the core, repeated units and terminal groups were separated by the difference spectroscopy method. The optimized geometry, frequencies and intensity of IR bands of G(1v) generation dendron with terminal aldehyde groups were obtained by the density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the internal skeleton of molecules exists in a single stable conformation with planar O-C(6)H(4)-CHN-N(CH(3))-P(S) fragments, but terminal groups may adopt the t,g,g- and t,-g,g-rotational isomers. The t,-g,g-conformer is 0.74 kcal/mol less stable compared to the t,g,g-conformer. The bond length and bond angles obtained by DFT show the best agreement with experimental data. Relying on DFT calculations a complete assignment of vibrations is proposed for different parts of the studied dendrons. The calculated frequencies and intensity of IR bands of the t,g,g- and t,-g,g-conformers of G(1v) are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The most reactive site in dendron is the core function and vinyl group is preferred for nucleophilic attack. In dendrimer the most reactive are the terminal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukova II, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. DFT analysis of structure and IR spectra of phosphorus G1v generation dendron. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 66:745-53. [PMID: 16872872 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
FT-IR spectra of phosphorus dendron G(1v) generation with terminal P-Cl groups have been recorded. Density functional theory is used for analyzing the properties of each structural part (core, branches, surface). It is found that the repeating branching units of G(1v) exist in a single stable conformation with planar -O-C(6)H(4)-CH=N-N(CH(3))-P fragments. DFT results for the structure of G(1v) are in good agreement with recent X-ray diffraction measurements. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for different parts of G(1v). The global and local reactivity descriptors have been used to characterize the reactivity pattern of the core function and terminal group. Our study reveals that the most reactive site of G(1v) is the core function and =CH(2) side of vinyl group is preferred for nucleophilic attack. In the dendrimer G(1) the most reactive are the terminal groups. IR spectroscopy combined with ab initio DFT computation provides unique detailed information about the structure and reactivity of the technologically relevant materials, which could not be obtained before with any other technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukova II, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. DFT calculations of structure and IR spectra of the phoshorus-containing G'0v generation dendron. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2006; 65:358-65. [PMID: 16551507 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
FT-IR spectra of the phosphorus-containing dendron G'(0v) generation with terminal aldehyde groups have been recorded. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis are performed for the G'(0v) on the basis of the ab initio density functional theory. This calculations gave vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities for the t,g,g- and t,-g,g-conformers of the G'(0v). The t,-g,g-conformer is 0.71 kcal/mol less stable compared to t,g,g-conformer. Relying on DFT calculations a complete vibrational assignment is proposed for different parts of the dendron. The influence of encirclement on band frequencies and intensity is studied and the information usually inaccessible is obtained. The global and local reactivity descriptors have been used to characterize the reactivity pattern of the core function and terminal groups. Our study reveals that the most reactive site in the dendron is the core function and the CH(2) side of the vinyl group is preferred for nucleophilic attack. In the dendrimer the most reactive are the terminal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya, 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM, Kovalenko VI. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman difference spectroscopy studies of the phosphorus-containing dendrimers. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2004; 60:1649-1657. [PMID: 15147711 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2003] [Revised: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 09/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
FT IR and Raman spectra of 12 generations of the phosphorus-containing starburst dendrimers containing P=S and P=O bonds with terminal aldehyde and P-Cl groups were compared. The influence of the encirclement on the band frequencies and intensity is studied and due to the predictable, controlled and reproducible structure of the dendrimers the information usually inaccessible is obtained. Bands in the IR difference (G2'(P=O)-G2'(P=S)) spectra have characteristic EPR-like form. The strong band at 1600 cm(-1) show marked changes of the optical density in dependence of the aldehyde (-CH=O) or azomethyne (-CH=N-) substituents in the aromatic ring. The analysis of difference spectra enables one to assign the characteristic bands nu(P=S) and nu(P=O) for the bonds in the core, in the repeating unit and in the terminal groups of the dendrimers. This assignment is supported by the calculation of the absorption curves of the different fragments of dendrimer with the force constants and electro-optical parameters. The IR and Raman spectra of dendrimers are depended on the ratio of number terminal groups to a number of repeating units, which in its turn is strictly determined by the generation number. Thus, the marked differences in the vibrational spectra of the first successive generations aspire to zero for the higher ones. The rather rigid repeated units with little conformational flexibility define the perfect microstructure of the studied phosphorus-containing dendrimers up to the eleventh generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering Academy, Zelenaya 1, Kazan 420043, Russia.
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Furer VL, Kovalenko VI, Vandyukov AE, Majoral JP, Caminade AM. Calculation of IR spectra of the elementoorganic dendrimers. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2002; 58:2905-2912. [PMID: 12477036 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Various approximations to the analysis of the dendrimer vibrational spectra are introduced. The merits and demerits of the fragment method, calculation of the first generation and linear chains containing different number of the repeated units are discussed. The experimental spectra of two series of the phosphorus-containing starburst dendrimer generations are interpreted on the basis of the calculation of the frequencies of the normal vibrations and the band intensities in their IR spectra. The analysis of spectra enables one to assign the characteristic bands for the groups in the core, in the repeating unit and the terminal groups of the dendrimers. This assignment is supported by the calculation of the absorption curves with the force constants and electro-optical parameters (EOP). The vibrational spectra of studied starburst dendrimers (SD) (up to 11 generations) are in general identical to begin with four generation. The most marked changes of band position and their intensities are seen in spectra of the first generations, when all fragments of molecule contribute appreciably to the spectral pattern. The comparative study of vibrational spectra of SD and linear polymers reveal their main characteristic features, which are determined by their structural peculiarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Department of Physics, Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering Academy, 1 Zelenaya, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
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Merino S, Brauge L, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Taton D, Gnanou Y. Synthesis and characterization of linear, hyperbranched, and dendrimer-like polymers constituted of the same repeating unit. Chemistry 2001; 7:3095-105. [PMID: 11495437 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010716)7:14<3095::aid-chem3095>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a linear polymer that includes both P=N and P=S double bonds, and P-O and P-C single bonds is reported by using two different paths that involve deprotection reactions and the Staudinger reaction. The preparation of hyperbranched polymers made up of OC6H4P(Ph)2=N-P=S repeating units is also described. Five generations of dendrimers originating from the same building blocks were prepared. The characterisation of all these phosphorus-based macromolecular architectures (solution behaviour, size exclusion chromatography, intrinsic viscosity, thermal behaviour) revealed marked differences in their respective behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Merino
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Brauge L, Magro G, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. First divergent strategy using two AB(2) unprotected monomers for the rapid synthesis of dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:6698-9. [PMID: 11439059 DOI: 10.1021/ja0029228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Reaction of the thiol-terminated fourth-generation dendrimer 2-G4 (96 SH groups) with the gold cluster compound Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 in a 3:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane results in the formation of bare Au55 clusters. The cuboctahedrally shaped Au55 particles coalesce to well-formed microcrystals (Au55) infinity. The role of the dendrimer is not only to remove the phosphine and chlorine ligands but also to act as an ideal matrix for perfect crystal growth. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD and WAXRD) measurements indicate a structure where rows of edge-linked Au55 building blocks form a distorted cubic lattice. The X-ray data fit best if a 5% reduction of the Au-Au bond length in the Au55 clusters is assumed, in agreement with previous extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses and IR investigations show the absence of PPh3 and Cl in the microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmid
- Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Universitat Essen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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