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Palanisamy DS, Gounder BS, Selvaraj K, Kandhasamy S, Alqahtani T, Alqahtani A, Chidambaram K, Arunachalam K, Alkahtani AM, Chandramoorthy HC, Sharma N, Rajeshkumar S, Marwaha L. Synergistic antibacterial and mosquitocidal effect of Passiflora foetida synthesized silver nanoparticles. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e263391. [PMID: 36651434 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are opted to have various applications in different fields ranging from traditional medicines to culinary items. It is toxic and most effective against bacteria, fungi viruses, parasites, parasite carrying vectors such as mosquitoes and their larvae and other eukaryotic microorganisms at low concentration without any side effects and toxicity to humans. In view of these data, the present research has been investigated by synthesizing silver nanoparticles using 1mM silver nitrate and aqueous extract of Passiflora foetida. The variation of nanoparticles in size and shape concerning the concentration of extract prepared were analysed. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by colour changing from yellowish green to reddish-brown implicating the surface plasmon resonance. Further, it was concluded by obtaining an absorbance peak at 420 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer analysis. FTIR analysis was used to identify the capping ligands, which included alkanes, aromatic groups and nitro compounds. The average grain size of ~12 nm to 14 nm with crystalline phase was revealed by X-ray Diffraction studies. The SEM images depicted the surface morphology with agglomeration; TEM studies showed the shape of nanoparticles as spherical and hexagonal with sizes ranging from 40 nm to 100 nm and EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver as the principal constituent. The characterized silver nanoparticles were then tested for synergistic antibacterial effects with tetracycline, and the results show that they are more active against E. coli and S. aureus, but moderately effective against B. cereus and K. pneumoniae . It also had a strong larval and pupal toxic effects on the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti with the highest mortality. As a result, silver nanoparticles could be a viable alternative for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Palanisamy
- Bharathiar University, Research and Development Centre, Coimbatore, India.,Nandha Arts and Science College, Department of Biotechnology, Erode, India
| | - B S Gounder
- Government Arts College, Department of Botany, Salem, India
| | - K Selvaraj
- Bharathiar University, Research and Development Centre, Coimbatore, India.,Nandha Arts and Science College, Department of Biotechnology, Erode, India
| | - S Kandhasamy
- Nandha Arts and Science College, Department of Biotechnology, Erode, India
| | - T Alqahtani
- King Khalid University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alqahtani
- King Khalid University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Chidambaram
- King Khalid University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Arunachalam
- Mulungushi University, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - A M Alkahtani
- King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Clinical Parasitology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Clinical Parasitology, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Research, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Sharma
- Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Research and Development Centre, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - S Rajeshkumar
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Chennai, India
| | - L Marwaha
- Lovely Professional University, School of Bioengineering and Bio Sciences, Department of Zoology, Punjab, India
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Al-Hakami A, Alqhatani SQ, Shaik S, Jalfan SM, Dhammam MSA, Asiri W, Alkahtani AM, Devaraj A, Chandramoorthy HC. Cytokine physiognomies of MSCs from varied sources confirm the regenerative commitment post-coculture with activated neutrophils. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8691-8701. [PMID: 32385929 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with paracrine signals and immunological cells, and their responses and regenerative commitment thereafter, is understudied. In the current investigation, we compared MSCs from the umbilical cord blood (UCB), dental pulp (DP), and liposuction material (LS) on their ability to respond to activated neutrophils. Cytokine profiling (interleukin-1α [IL-1α], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interferon-γ [IFN-γ], transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]), cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation patterns were assessed. The results showed largely comparable cytokine profiles with higher TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in LSMSCs owing to their mature cellular phenotype. The viability and proliferation between LS/DP/UCB MSCs were comparable in the coculture group, while direct activation of MSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed comparable proliferation with significant cell death in UCB MSCs and slightly higher cell death in the other two types of MSC. Furthermore, when MSCs post-neutrophil exposure were induced for osteogenic differentiation, though all the MSCs devoid of the sources differentiated, we observed rapid and significant turnover of DPMSCs positive of osteogenic markers rather than LS and UCB MSCs. We further observed a significant turnover of IL-1α and TGF-β at mRNA and cytokine levels, indicating the commitment of MSCs to differentiate through interacting with immunological cells or bacterial products like neutrophils or LPS, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that MSCs have more or less similar cytokine responses devoid of their anatomical niche. They readily switch over from the cytokine responsive cell phenotype at the immunological microenvironment to differentiate and regenerate tissue in response to cellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Qaddah Alqhatani
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharaz Shaik
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saaed Mohammed Jalfan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wejdan Asiri
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Misfer Alkahtani
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anantharam Devaraj
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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