Safety and immunogenicity of three doses of a Neisseria meningitidis A + C diphtheria conjugate vaccine in infants from Niger

BACKGROUND

High rates of endemic disease and recurrent epidemics of serogroup A and C meningococcal meningitis continue to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. A meningococcal A + C polysaccharide diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine may address this issue.

METHODS

In Niger three doses of a bivalent meningococcal A + C diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine (MenD), containing 1, 4 or 16 microg of each polysaccharide per dose, administered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, were compared with Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated (PRP-T) vaccine given with the same schedule or with a meningococcal A + C polysaccharide vaccine (MenPS) given at 10 and 14 weeks of age. One blood sample was taken at the time of enrollment (6 weeks of age) and another was taken 4 weeks after the primary series.

RESULTS

All doses of MenD were well-tolerated. After the primary series a higher proportion of infants had detectable serum bactericidal activity against serogroup A for each dose of MenD (from 94% to 100%) than for MenPS (31%) or H. influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated vaccine (18.9%); P < or = 0.05. Significant differences were also observed for serogroup C MenD 4 microg or MenD 16 microg (100%) vs. MenPS (69.7%) or Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated vaccine (24.3%); P < or = 0.05. When MenPS vaccine was given to 11-month-old children, the immune response measured by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum bactericidal assay was greater in those previously immunized with MenD than in those immunized with MenPS vaccine.

CONCLUSION

MenD was safe among infants in Niger, and immunization led to significantly greater functional antibody activity than with MenPS. The 4-microg dose of MenD for both the A and C serogroups has been selected for further studies.

Mapping, monitoring, and surveillance of neglected tropical diseases: towards a policy framework

As national programmes respond to the new opportunities presented for scaling up preventive chemotherapy programmes for the coadministration of drugs to target lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and trachoma, possible synergies between existing disease-specific policies and protocols need to be examined. In this report we compare present policies for mapping, monitoring, and surveillance for these diseases, drawing attention to both the challenges and opportunities for integration. Although full integration of all elements of mapping, monitoring, and surveillance strategies might not be feasible for the diseases targeted through the preventive chemotherapy approach, there are opportunities for integration, and we present examples of integrated strategies. Finally, if advantage is to be taken of scaled up interventions to address neglected tropical diseases, efforts to develop rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use methods, whether disease-specific or integrated, should be increased. We present a framework for development of an integrated monitoring and evaluation system that combines both integrated and disease-specific strategies.

A review on superior advanced oxidation and photocatalytic degradation techniques for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) elimination from wastewater

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been identified as the most toxic specie of the family of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). It has been widely distributed and frequently detected in environmental wastewater. The compound's unique features such as inherent stability, rigidity, and resistance to harsh chemical and thermal conditions, due to its multiple and strong C-F bonds have resulted in its resistance to conventional wastewater remediations. Photolysis and bioremediation methods have been proven to be inefficient in their elimination, hence this article presents intensive literature studies and summarized findings reported on the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and photocatalytic degradation techniques as the best alternatives for the PFOA elimination from wastewater. Techniques of persulfate, photo-Fenton, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic degradation have been explored and their mechanisms for the degradation and defluorination of the PFOA have been demonstrated. The major advantage of AOPs techniques has been centralized on the generation of active radicals such as sulfate (SO₄^•-) hydroxyl (•OH). While for the photocatalytic process, photogenerated species (electron (e) and holes (h ⁺ _vb)) initiated the process. These active radicals and photogenerated species possessed potentiality to attack the PFOA molecule and caused the cleavage of the C-C and C-F bonds, resulting in its efficient degradation. Shorter-chain PFCAs have been identified as the major intermediates detected and the final stage entails its complete mineralization to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and fluoride ion (F^-). The prospects and challenges associated with the outlined techniques have been highlighted for better understanding of the subject matter for the PFOA elimination from real wastewaters.

Immunogenicity, safety, and memory of different schedules of Neisseria meningitidis A/C-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in infants in Niger

We studied one to four doses of meningococcal polysaccharides A and C conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (Men D) versus A/C polysaccharide (Men PS) vaccine in 618 infants in Niger. Men PS at 24 months permitted evaluating memory. Two Men D doses (at 3 and 9 months) induced higher serum bactericidal activity (SBA) than other regimens. SBA titers after Men PS at 24 months were higher in those given Men D in infancy versus Men PS. While responses were lower for serogroup C, hyporesponsiveness was not evident. Men D was well-tolerated. A single Men D dose in infancy appeared to induce memory.

[Continued ultrasonic follow-up of children infected with Schistosoma haematobium after treatment with praziquantel]

During a Schistosoma haematobium morbidity control program in Niger, we conducted a survey to describe rhe resolution of lesions after treatment with praziquantel. to determine reinfection rates and to define retreatment schedules. 114 schoolchildren (7-15 years old) living in an hyperendemic village underwent 10 successive examinations over 34 months following an initial evaluation and the administration of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel. All children, whether apparently infected with S. haematobium or not, were treated. Egg output, microhaematuria, visual aspect of urine and abnormalities of the urinary tract by ultrasound were assessed. The initial prevalence tif infection was 74.5%. Reinfection began 5 months after treatment and the final prevalence was 47.1%. Bladder abnormalities decreased rapidly, but incompletely, probably due to reinfestation: initial prevalence: 89.5%). Their prevalence increased 8 months after treatment to 72.4% at month 34. Dilatations of the upper urinary tract regressed more slowly but constantly until the end of the study (initial prevalence: 43%; 4.6% at month 34), Three years after treatment, despite reinfection, the general morbidity level (prevalence and severity of lesions) was lower than at baseline in our cohort, which would suggest the advantage of a long interval between mass treatments in the epidemiological context of our survey.

Response to conjugate Haemophilus influenzae B vaccine among infants in Niamey, Niger

Despite near elimination of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) meningitis from several industrialized countries following introduction of conjugate Hib vaccines into infant immunization schedules, Hib remains a major cause of meningitis and pneumonia in resource-poor countries. In Niger, Hib causes nearly 200 cases of meningitis per 100,000 children < one year of age, and > 40% of cases are fatal. We evaluated the immunogenicity of Hib polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) administered in the same syringe as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine among infants in Niger. Infants were randomized into group 1 (PRP-T at six, 10, and 14 weeks), group 2 (PRP-T at 10 and 14 weeks), or a control group (meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine). By 14 weeks of age, all subjects in groups land 2 had > or = 0.15 microg/ml of anti-PRP antibody, and 82% versus 76% had > or = 1.0 microg/ml of antibody (P=not significant). By nine months of age the proportion of infants with > or = 0.15 and > or = 1.0 microg/ml was group I=97% and 76%; group 2=93% and 67%; controls=10% and 2.6%. Four weeks after the first, second, and third doses of PRP-T, infants in group 1 showed geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 0.19, 3.97, and 6.09 microg/ml while infants in group 2 had GMTs of 2.40 and 4.41 microg/ml four weeks after the delayed first and second doses. Both PRP-T groups had significantly higher GMTs at 18 weeks and nine months of age than infants in the control group. The Hib PRP-T vaccine was immunogenic in infants in Niger. The strong response after PRP-T was initiated one month after the first DTP vaccination may reflect carrier priming. Two dose schedules of PRP-T should be given serious consideration, particularly if their reduced cost permits vaccine introduction that would be otherwise unaffordable.

Bulinus forskalii: a new potential intermediate host for Schistosoma haematobium in Niger

Malacological monitoring of two irrigated areas in Niger highlighted the natural susceptibility of Bulinus forskalii to infection with Schistosoma haematobium when the parasitic load is high. This first report of S. haematobium infection in B. forskalii, which is an abundant snail in irrigated areas, has been confirmed experimentally.

The role of molecular modelling strategies in validating the effects of chrysin on sodium arsenite-induced chromosomal and DNA damage

Chrysin (CHR) is a food-based bioactive ingredient whereas, sodium arsenite (SA) is one of the major contaminant in drinking water. When ingested, SA contributes to tissue damage due to bioactivation by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase. Hence, the needs to nullify this effect by investigating the potentials of CHR on SA-induced genotoxicity in rats. The experiment was divided into two successive stages (ameliorative and preventive, curative studies) for 1 week. Rats were divided into four groups: distilled water, 10mg/kg SA, 10mg/kg CHR and co-administration. In stage 2, the experimental groups were given either CHR or SA for 1 week, and treated in reversed order for additional week. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl and DNA fragmentation in liver, blood brain and bone marrow cells micronucleus were assayed for using standard protocols. Molecular docking of SAM-dependent methyltransferase in the presence of CHR was conducted. CHR significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased the level of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and DNA fragmentation in blood, liver and brain tissues as against group treated with SA. It also significantly ( p<0.05) reduced the level of micronuclei generated in bone marrow cells. The effects of CHR were shown to be ameliorative, preventive and curative in nature. Furthermore, CHR was able to dock (with binding energy of −24.81 kcal/mol and predicted inhibition kinetic constant (Ki) of 0.959 µM) into the active site of SAM-dependent methyltransferase with strong hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. The study might have unravelled the potentials of CHR against SA-induced chromosomal and DNA damage, which might be due to inhibition of SAM-dependent methyltransferase.

Lactone-rich fraction from Vernonia blumeoides: antitrypanosomal activity and alleviation of the parasite-induced anemia and organ damage

The anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity in vitro and in vivo of a lactone-rich fraction of Vernonia blumeoides leaves (VBLF) and its potential in alleviating trypanosome-induced anemia and organ damage were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of VBLF revealed the presence of a number of lactone-containing compounds. In an in vitro study, VBLF showed concentration-dependent activity and was further used to treat T. brucei brucei-infected rats. The VBLF treatments, especially at 300 mg/kg body weight (BW), significantly (P < 0.05) kept the parasites reduced during the entire experimental period compared with the infected untreated group. At the end of the experiment, the trypanosome-induced anemia and hepatic damage were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated in all the VBLF treatment groups, but renal damage was only prevented in the 200 and 300 mg/kg BW treatment groups. Furthermore, the trypanosome-induced increase in the relative weights of liver, spleen and kidney were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated by the 300 mg/kg BW VBLF treatment. It was concluded that orally administered VBLF, especially at 300 mg/kg BW, possessed antitrypanosomal activity and could alleviate parasite-induced anemia and organ damage.

[Prevalence of the HIV infection and five other sexually-transmitted infections among sex workers in Niamey, Niger]

We performed a systematic screening of HIV infection and five other sexually transmitted infections on a consecutive sample of 529 female sex workers from Niamey. HIV seroprevalence rate was 30.1%, with HIV-1 profile in 93.1% of the cases. For curable STI, 4.7% of women had treponematosis, 7% gonorrhoea, 16.8% Gardnerella vaginalis, 36.9% Mycoplasma hominis and 68.2% Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The percentage of women with at least one STI was significantly higher in HIV positive's: 95.6% against 87.9%. Only 7.9% of women were free of any infection.

Applications of covalent organic frameworks for the elimination of dyes from wastewater: A state-of-the-arts review

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are class of porous coordination polymers made up of organic building blocks joined together by covalent bonding through thermodynamic and controlled reversible polymerization reactions. This review discussed versatile applications of COFs for remediation of wastewater containing dyes, emphasizing the advantages of both pristine and modified materials in adsorption, membrane separation, and advanced oxidations processes. The excellent performance of COFs towards adsorption and membrane filtration has been centered to their higher crystallinity and porosity, exhibiting exceptionally high surface area, pore size and pore volumes. Thus, they provide more active sites for trapping the dye molecules. On one hand, the photocatalytic performance of the COFs was attributed to their semiconducting properties, and when coupled with other functional semiconducting materials, they achieve good mechanical and thermal stabilities, positive light response, and narrow band gap, a typical characteristic of excellent photocatalysts. As such, COFs and their composites have demonstrated excellent potentialities for the elimination of the dyes.

[Behaviour and HIV seroprevalence investigation in sex workers of Dirkou, Niger, 2002]

In the framework of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) surveillance, seroprevalence and behavioural survey was conducted in 2002 in Dirkou, a place of concentration of female sex workers (FSW) in Niger The global HIV seroprevalence found was 50% (CI at 95%: 40.6-59.36%). The behavioural survey revealed that 98% of FSW had heard about HIV whereas 78.7% know at least one HIV transmission way and 76.9% know at least one HIV prevention means. Only 33.3% declared using condom, what show that sensitisation efforts are needed to induce a behaviour change in FSW and their clients.

Modeling of lead (II) adsorption on sodium hydroxide treated rice husk: Fixed-bed studies

The treated rice husk has been evaluated as a sorbent for removing lead (II) from aqueous solutions in fixed-bed studies. In this paper, the effects of flow rate (3 and 9 mL/min), bed depth (0.9, 1.8 and 2.8 cm) and influent lead concentration of (5 and 20 mg/L) on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column were investigated. The highest adsorption capacity (78 %) on a 20 mg/L Pb (II) solution was achieved within a flow rate of 9 mL/min and a bed depth of 2.8 cm. The experimental data obtained from the adsorption process was correlated with the Thomas, Adams– Bohart and Yoon–Nelson models. The results of the parameters indicated Adams–Bohart model fitted well over the other models.

[Long-term impact of a mass treatment by praziquantel on morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium in two hyperendemic villages of Niger]

Although it is established that the treatment by praziquantel reduces the urinary lesions due to Schistosoma haematobium, the frequency of mass treatment necessary to maintain a low morbidity level remains poorly known. The objective of this work was to study the impact over three years of a single praziquantel mass treatment on schistosomiasis morbidity in two different systems of disease transmission in Niger. The study was performed in 2 villages hyperendemic for schistosomiasis in the South-West of Niger presenting respectively 2 different systems of schistosomiasis transmission: Koutoukalé-Zéno (K Zéno), located close to an irrigated area of the Niger River Valley where the transmission is permanent, and Téguey located along a temporary pond where the transmission is seasonal. After the initial evaluation (1994), we carried out a survey 3 years later (1997) except in K. Zéno where an intermediate evaluation was performed 10 months after the initial survey (1995). Approximately 300 randomised people have been examined as follows: macroscopic examination of urine and reagent sticks for macro- and micro-haematuria, filtration and microscopic examination of urine for Schistosoma eggs, and ultrasound scan of the urinary tract for morbidity. The therapeutic coverage has reached 69.9% in K. Zéno and 78.2% in Téguey. The prevalence of infestation decreased from 74.1% to 56.4 % in K. Zéno (p < 0.001) and from 65.3% to 30.4% in Téguey (p < 0.001) at the end of the 3 years. The prevalence of heavy infestation (eggs > or = 50) went in the same time from 9.9% to 12.8% (p = 0.3) in K. Zéno and from 9.1% to 3.3% in Téguey (p = 0.01). Using ultrasound scan, the prevalence of the bladder lesions reached its previous level in both villages. However the prevalence of hydronephrosis decreased from 21.1% to 3.9% in K. éno (p < 0.001) and from 12.6% to 4.2% in Téguey (p < 0.001). Three years after the single mass treatment, the morbidity did not reach the initial level. The effectiveness of the treatment is better in the pond system where the transmission is seasonal. The lesions of the upper tract decreased more slowly than the bladder lesions, but a long time after the treatment. The re-infestation induced the re-appearance of the bladder lesions sooner than the lesions of the upper tract. The periodicity of the treatment should be variable according to the transmission system. It should occur every 2 years in irrigated areas and could be delayed (3 years) in temporary ponds. The control was beneficial in the pond system and induced a significant reduction of the severe lesions.

[Efficacity of praziquantel in school-aged children in a hyperendemic zone for Schistoma haematobium (Niger, 1999)]

Urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in the Niger river valley. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and side effects of a single oral dose of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg in the treatment of schistosomiasis. The investigation took place between April 5, 1999 and May 25, 1999. A total of 318 primary school children, aged from 6 to 16 years, of a Schistosoma haematobium endemic area were included in the survey. They underwent a macroscopic and parasitological examinations of the urine before treatment and two and six weeks after treatment. Treatment with praziquantel was given at 40 mg/kg of body weight in a single dose. Side effects due to praziquantel were assessed within the first 4 hours, and 24 hours after. Side effects were frequent (53.7%), especially occurring in the first four hours. Their expression was not associated with the sex of the child nor the intensity of the infestation. We noted that elder children expressed more complaints. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pains, headaches and pruritus. All these signs were without gravity and resolved within the first twenty-four hours. Before treatment, the prevalence of infestation was 98%. Six weeks after treatment, 32% of children remained positive despite a marked reduction of egg excretion. In this survey, the side effects of the treatment were very frequent but without gravity. Using praziquantel, 68% of the subjects were cured completely. Urinary schistosomiasis control programs can continue to use it for mass treatment without risk.

[Quality control during ultrasonographic evaluation of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium in Niger]

Within the framework of a campaign to control urinary schistosomiasis in Niger, a quality control audit was performed on ultrasonographic assessment of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium. The purpose of this audit was to determine variance and reproductibility of epidemiological data provided by two trained independent observers. Three parameters were studied, i.e.,: interobserver variability on matched data, interobserver variance at the community level on the same or different subjects, including some after treatment with praziquantel, and intra-observer variance. A total of 1750 ultrasound examinations were carried out on 1416 inhabitants from 10 hyperendemic villages (70 p. 100 schoolchildren) according to a slightly modified version of the WHO Cairo protocol. Inter-observer variance at the individual level was high for some elementary abnormalities of the bladder. Variance was around 20 p. 100 for the 2 main indicators, i.e. presence of at least one bladder lesion and dilatation of the upper urinary tract. At the community level, inter-observer variance was moderate and the two observers' global assessment of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium was the same. Variations of morbidity related to level of endemicity were given perceived in parallel. Similar findings were noted for the intra-observer variability at the individual or community level. Ultrasound examination is supposed to furnish reliable morbidity data for selecting communities at risk and scheduling treatments during schistosomiasis control programs. The results of this study show that the level of inter- and intra-observer variance in ultrasonographic assessment in Niger is compatible with this critical role.

[Epidemiology of scorpion envenomations in the pediatric service of the Agadez hospital center (Niger) in 1999]

In Agadez, northern Niger, envenomations due to scorpion sting is a major public health problem, ranking first among reasons for emergency admission to hospital and inducing significant mortality. In order to provide best medical care, improved knowledge of scorpion sting envenomation was required. From April to September 1999, we carried out a prospective, descriptive survey on the paediatric ward of the departmental hospital of Algadez. All children admitted to the ward for scorpion stings were included. Data was collected by questionnaire. Requested items were age, sex, type of scorpion, sting location, and clinical development. Over the 6 months of the survey, a total of 44 cases of scorpion sting were recorded on the ward. The majority of the cases (52%) were recorded in July. The main types of scorpion identified according to colour were black (18%), yellow (18%), and brown (5%). In 59% of the cases, the type of scorpion was not identified. 6-15 year-old children represented 50% of the cases. The lower limb was the main site of stings (66%). A majority of cases (52%) were admitted fewer than 30 minutes after the sting, and 30% between 30 minutes and 1 hour after the sting. The overall lethality rate was 23% (10/44). All the deaths occurred within 2 hours following the sting. Of all the deaths, 60% (6/10) occurred with 30 minutes after the sting. Our study has shown that scorpion stings remain a significant health problem in the area. As a consequence of our findings, we have introduced a new therapeutic protocol for the early case management.

[Heterogeneity of Schistosoma haematobium transmission in irrigated fields]

Heterogeneity of Schistosoma haematobium transmission in irrigated fields. Although irrigated areas exist since a long time in the Niger Valley the distribution of the urinary schistosomiasis does not appear homogeneous, testifying to the existence of limiting or favourable factors. The identification of these factors could lead to a better definition of the distribution of the schistosomiasis risks and to optimise control programmes. The population of five villages about 1,900 inhabitants living in the same irrigated area (Sébéri) was examined at the end of 1999 before treatment and surveyed two and ten months after treatment by praziquantel in order to investigate re-infections. In parallel, the transmission sites were subject to a semi-monthly malacological follow-up from 1998 to 2001 and the water contacts were quantified in the sites of the main village during 2000. Before treatment, schistosomiasis risks appeared related to the proximity between habitat and lateral canals: the infections concerning youngers were all the more intense that the dwellings were close to the canal. The parasitological indices were the highest in the village lacking of other water sources. The morbidity indices followed a similar distribution with maximum values in the children of the 3 villages located to less than 1 km from the canal; however, morbidity was mainly observed in the adult population, in particular male, of the 2 villages which were the most distant from the canal. After treatment, the incidence of the re-infection between 2 and 10 months was comparable in the 3 villages close to the canal (28%) but was significantly weaker in the 2 villages far from the transmission sites (5%). In the villages bordering the canal, the incidence in the children was all the more high since the habitat was close to the canal. Between 1999 and 2000, the collected number of Bulinus truncatus decreased from 1.4 to 0.6 individuals per survey; moreover, no mollusc harbouring parasites was found, representing the decrease of the parasite burden. The abnormal weakness of re-infection, regarding this type of focus, could be explained by the repeated stop of water supply inducing a complete drying out of the canal for 2 months during the year preceding the study. These repeated drying out also resulted in a reduction of the exposure. Whereas the average frequentation of the sites of the canal remained rather comparable between January (cold dry season) and May (dry hot season), it decreased dramatically in September (rainy season but canals were not irrigated this year) from 99 to 11 daily contacts. The use of the lateral canal when filled represented 80% of the contacts. In the event of drying out, 80% of the contacts were transferred in the ponds but not in the river (5% of the contacts whatever the season). These results confirmed (1) that the presence of canals reduced the use of natural sites and (2) that the drying out of the canals induced a total reduction of the contacts.

[Preliminary evaluation of morbidity due to S. haematobium and S. mansoni in the area of the future Adjarala Dam in Benin]

The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of morbidity due to schistosomiasis in the area of the future Adjarala Dam in Benin. We included 412 schoolchildren from five villages in the study. The mean age of the children was 9.4 +/- 2.3 years and the sex ratio (F/M) was 0.94. These children underwent parasitological examination. The children provided urine samples, which were examined by eye, filtered and tested for blood and protein. Stool samples were examined using Kato's technique and an ultrasound scan of the urinary tract was performed. We carried out a survey of snails at the possible transmission sites of all the villages, with a view to identifying the intermediate hosts. We detected S. mansoni and S. haematobium in the area. Urinary schistosomiasis was mesoendemic (prevalence of 19.7%) whereas schistosomiasis due to S. mansoni was hypoendemic (prevalence of 3. 9%). Ultrasound scans showed that 28% of the children had bladder lesions and that 2.5% were carriers of hydronephrosis. We compared the diagnostic performances of the various indirect indicators of morbidity. We found that a history of hematuria was the most sensitive indicator (88%) but that the sensitivity of this indicator differed significantly according to the sex of the child. Hematuria >= 1+ was the most effective indicator. Snail surveys showed that Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus were present in the area.

A review on titanium oxide nanoparticles modified metal-organic frameworks for effective CO2 conversion and efficient wastewater remediation

Environmental pollution has been increasing since last decade due to increasing industrialisation and urbanisation. Various kinds ofenvironmental pollutants including carbon dioxide (CO2), dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, heavy metals along with many organic and inorganic species have been discovered in the various environmental compartments which possess harmful impacts tox human health, wildlife, and ecosystems. Thus, various efforts have been made through regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns to reduce the impact of the pollution. However, finding suitable alternatives to mitigate their impacts remained a challenge. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the advanced materials with unique features such as high porosity and stability which exhibit versatile applications in environmental remediation. Their composites with titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) have been discovered to offer potential feature such as light harvesting capacity and catalytic activity. The composite integration and properties have been confirmed through characterization using surface area analysis, scanning electron/transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and others. Thus, this work rigorously discussed potential applications of the MOF@TiO2 nanomaterials for the CO2 capture and effective utilization in methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, and other useful products that served as fuel to various industrial processes. Additionally, the work highlights the effective performance of the materials towards photocatalytic degradation of both organic and inorganic pollutants with indepth mechanistic insights. The article will offer significant contribution for the development of sustainable and efficient technologies for the environmental monitoring and pollution mitigation.