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Teshome A, Erko B, Golassa L, Yohannes G, Irish SR, Zohdy S, Dugassa S. Correction: Laboratory-based efficacy evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and temephos larvicides against larvae of Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia. Malar J 2023; 22:312. [PMID: 37848952 PMCID: PMC10583375 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Teshome
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health Ethiopia, PO Box 1234, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gedeon Yohannes
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seth R Irish
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US President's Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sisay Dugassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Teshome A, Erko B, Golassa L, Yohannes G, Irish SR, Zohdy S, Yoshimizu M, Dugassa S. Resistance of Anopheles stephensi to selected insecticides used for indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets in Ethiopia. Malar J 2023; 22:218. [PMID: 37501142 PMCID: PMC10375616 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria, transmitted by the bite of infective female Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a global public health problem. The presence of invasive Anopheles stephensi, capable of transmitting Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, was first reported in Ethiopia in 2016. The ecology of this mosquito species differs from that of Anopheles arabiensis, the primary malaria vector in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides, which are used in indoor residual spraying (IRS) and selected long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria vector control against adult An. stephensi. METHODS Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were collected as larvae and pupae from Awash Subah Kilo Town and Haro Adi village, Ethiopia. Adult female An. stephensi, reared from larvae and pupae collected from the field, aged 3-5 days were exposed to impregnated papers of IRS insecticides (propoxur 0.1%, bendiocarb 0.1%, pirimiphos-methyl 0.25%), and insecticides used in LLINs (alpha-cypermethrin 0.05%, deltamethrin 0.05% and permethrin 0.75%), using diagnostic doses and WHO test tubes in a bio-secure insectary at Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. For each test and control tube, batches of 25 female An. stephensi were used to test each insecticide used in IRS. Additionally, cone bioassay tests were conducted to expose An. stephensi from the reared population to four brands of LLINs, MAGNet™ (alpha-cypermethrin), PermaNet® 2.0 (deltamethrin), DuraNet© (alpha-cypermethrin) and SafeNet® (alpha-cypermethrin). A batch of ten sugar-fed female mosquitoes aged 2-5 days was exposed to samples taken from five positions/sides of a net. The data from all replicates were pooled and descriptive statistics were used to describe features of the data. RESULTS All An. stephensi collected from Awash Subah Kilo Town and Haro Adi village (around Metehara) were resistant to all tested insecticides used in both IRS and LLINs. Of the tested LLINs, only MAGNet™ (alpha-cypermethrin active ingredient) caused 100% knockdown and mortality to An. stephensi at 60 min and 24 h post exposure, while all other net brands caused mortality below the WHO cut-off points (< 90%). All these nets, except SafeNet®, were collected during LLIN distribution for community members through the National Malaria Programme, in December 2020. CONCLUSIONS Anopheles stephensi is resistant to all tested insecticides used in IRS and in the tested LLIN brands did not cause mosquito mortality as expected, except MAGNet. This suggests that control of this invasive vector using existing adult malaria vector control methods will likely be inadequate and that alternative strategies may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Teshome
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, P.O._Box 1234, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O._Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O._Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gedeon Yohannes
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O._Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seth R Irish
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- US President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Yoshimizu
- US President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sisay Dugassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O._Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Teshome A, Erko B, Golassa L, Yohannes G, Irish SR, Zohdy S, Dugassa S. Laboratory-based efficacy evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and temephos larvicides against larvae of Anopheles stephensi in ethiopia. Malar J 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36759908 PMCID: PMC9912598 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria, transmitted by the bite of infective female Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a global public health problem. The presence of an invasive Anopheles stephensi, capable of transmitting Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum parasites was first reported in Ethiopia in 2016. The ecology of An. stephensi is different from that of Anopheles arabiensis, the primary Ethiopian malaria vector, and this suggests that alternative control strategies may be necessary. Larviciding may be an effective alternative strategy, but there is limited information on the susceptibility of Ethiopian An. stephensi to common larvicides. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) larvicides against larvae of invasive An. stephensi. METHODS The diagnostic doses of two larvicides, temephos (0.25 ml/l) and Bti (0.05 mg/l) were tested in the laboratory against the immature stages (late third to early fourth stages larvae) of An. stephensi collected from the field and reared in a bio-secure insectary. Larvae were collected from two sites (Haro Adi and Awash Subuh Kilo). For each site, three hundred larvae were tested against each insecticide (as well as an untreated control), in batches of 25. The data from all replicates were pooled and descriptive statistics prepared. RESULTS The mortality of larvae exposed to temephos was 100% for both sites. Mortality to Bti was 99.7% at Awash and 100% at Haro Adi site. CONCLUSIONS Larvae of An. stephensi are susceptible to temephos and Bti larvicides suggesting that larviciding with these insecticides through vector control programmes may be effective against An. stephensi in these localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Teshome
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health Ethiopia, PO Box 1234, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gedeon Yohannes
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seth R Irish
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US President's Malaria Initiative, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sisay Dugassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Teshome A, Dereje B, Nwankwo CS, Okpala COR. Physiochemical Properties, Lipid Breakdown, β-Carotenoids, Tocopherols, Vitamins, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles of Soxhlet Extracted Oil from Different Garden Cress Seed (Lepidium sativum L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1299-1308. [PMID: 35965087 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiochemical properties, lipid breakdown, β-carotenoids, tocopherols, and vitamins as well as amino and fatty acid profiles of Soxhlet-extracted oil from five different garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed genotypes (namely: CG8, CG7, CG17, CG4, and 207910) across Ethiopia regions were investigated. Results showed that despite the seeds' proximate peak and least values, the extraction yield, viscosity, specific gravity, refractive index, lipid breakdown, and boiling point of garden cress seed oil across the genotypes noticeably varied with promising amino and fatty acid profiles. Further, the genotype CG17 obtained greater quantities of β-carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin values compared to the other genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Teshome
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology
| | - Belay Dereje
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Wolkite University
| | - Chibuzo S Nwankwo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture
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Teshome A, Admassu H, Mohammed F. Evaluation of Selected Locally Grown Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas) Varietal Suitability on Fried Chips Quality. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2077876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Teshome
- Department of Chemical engineering, kombolcha institute of technology, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Admassu
- Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology and Bioprocessing center of excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fekiya Mohammed
- Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology and Bioprocessing center of excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Iverson KR, Ahearn O, Citron I, Garringer K, Mukhodpadhyay S, Teshome A, Bekele A, Workneh S, Workneh RS, Zemenfeskudus S, Gultie T, Varghese A, Shrime MG, Meara JG, Burssa D. Development of a surgical assessment tool for national policy monitoring & evaluation in Ethiopia: A quality improvement study. Int J Surg 2020; 80:231-240. [PMID: 32198096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A baseline assessment of surgical capacity is recommended as a first-step to surgical system strengthening in order to inform national policy. In Ethiopia, the World Health Organization's Tool for Situational Analysis (WHO SAT) was adapted to assess surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia capacity as part of a national initiative: Saving Lives Through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). This study describes the process of adapting this tool and initial results. MATERIALS AND METHODS The new tool was used to evaluate fourteen hospitals in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia between February and March 2017. Two analytic methods were employed. To compare this data to international metrics, the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) framework was used. To assess congruence with national policy, data was evaluated against Ethiopian SaLTS targets. RESULTS Facilities had on average 62% of SARA items necessary for both basic surgery and comprehensive surgery. Primary, general, and specialized facilities offered on average 84%, 100%, and 100% of SARA basic surgeries, and 58%, 73% and 90% of SARA comprehensive surgeries, respectively. An average of 68% of SaLTS primary surgeries were available at primary facilities, 83% at general facilities, and 100% at specialized facilities. General and specialized hospitals offered an average of 80% of SaLTS general surgeries, while one specialized hospital offered 38% of SaLTS specialized surgeries. CONCLUSION While the modified SaLTS Tool provided evaluation against Ethiopian national benchmarks, the resultant assessment was much lengthier than standard international tools. Analysis of results using the SARA framework allowed for comparison to global standards and provided insight into essential parts of the tool. An assessment tool for national surgical policy should maintain internationally comparable metrics and incorporation into existing surveys when possible, while including country-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Iverson
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - O Ahearn
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - I Citron
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - K Garringer
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Mukhodpadhyay
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, East Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - A Teshome
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - A Bekele
- Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - S Workneh
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - R S Workneh
- Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | | | | | - M G Shrime
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Global Surgery Evaluation, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J G Meara
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - D Burssa
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Teshome A, Byrne SL, Didion T, De Vega J, Jensen CS, Klaas M, Barth S. Transcriptome sequencing of Festulolium accessions under salt stress. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:311. [PMID: 31151479 PMCID: PMC6545024 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to establish transcriptome assemblies of Festulolium hybrids under salt stress, and identify genes regulated across the hybrids in response to salt stress. The development of transcriptome assemblies for Festulolium hybrids and cataloguing of genes regulated under salt stress will facilitate further downstream studies. Results Plants were grown at three salt concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) and phenotypic and transcriptomic data was collected. Salt stress was confirmed by progressive loss of green leaves as salt concentration increased from 0 to 1.5%. We generated de-novo transcriptome assemblies for two Festulolium pabulare festucoid genotypes, for a single Festulolium braunii genotype, and a single F. pabulare loloid genotype. We also identified 1555 transcripts that were up regulated and 1264 transcripts that were down regulated in response to salt stress in the Festulolium hybrids. Some of the identified transcripts showed significant sequence similarity with genes known to be regulated during salt and other abiotic stresses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4349-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teshome
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - S L Byrne
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - T Didion
- DLF, Research Division, Store Heddinge, Denmark
| | - J De Vega
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - C S Jensen
- DLF, Research Division, Store Heddinge, Denmark
| | - M Klaas
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - S Barth
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland.
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Iverson KR, Garringer K, Ahearn O, Alidina S, Citron I, Esseye S, Teshome A, Mukhopadhyay S, Burssa D, Mengistu A, Ashengo T, Meara JG, Barash D, Drown L, Kuchuckhidze S, Reynolds C, Joshua B, Barringer E, Skeels A, Shrime MG, Gultie T, Sharma S, Geiger J. Mixed-methods assessment of surgical capacity in two regions in Ethiopia. Br J Surg 2019; 106:e81-e90. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Surgery is among the most neglected parts of healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries. Ethiopia has launched a national strategic plan to address challenges in the surgical system. This study aimed to assess surgical capacity in two Ethiopian regions to inform priority areas for improvement.
Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted using two tools adapted from the Lancet Commission's Surgical Assessment Tools: a quantitative Hospital Assessment Tool and a qualitative semistructured interview tool. Fifteen hospitals selected by the Federal Ministry of Health were surveyed in the Tigray and Amhara regions to assess the surgical system across five domains: service delivery, infrastructure, workforce, information management and financing.
Results
Service delivery was low across hospitals with a mean(s.d.) of 5(6) surgical cases per week and a narrow range of procedures performed. Hospitals reported varying availability of basic infrastructure, including constant availability of electricity (9 of 15) and running water (5 of 15). Unavailable or broken diagnostic equipment was also common. The majority of surgical and anaesthesia services were provided by non-physician clinicians, with little continuing education available. All hospitals tracked patient-level data regularly and eight of 15 hospitals reported surgical volume data during the assessment, but research activities were limited. Hospital financing specified for surgery was rare and the majority of patients must pay out of pocket for care.
Conclusion
Results from this study will inform programmes to simultaneously improve each of the health system domains in Ethiopia; this is required if better access to and quality of surgery, anaesthesia and obstetric services are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Iverson
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - K Garringer
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - O Ahearn
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Alidina
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I Citron
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Esseye
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Jhpiego, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Teshome
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, East Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - D Burssa
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - J G Meara
- Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Barash
- GE Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Drown
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - C Reynolds
- Assist International, Ripon, California, USA
| | - B Joshua
- Assist International, Ripon, California, USA
| | | | - A Skeels
- Jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M G Shrime
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - S Sharma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Geiger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gelaw A, Teshome A. The effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment on balance dysfunction and postural instability in persons with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stover KE, Tesfaye S, Frew AH, Mohammed H, Barry D, Alamineh L, Teshome A, Hepburn K, Sibley LM. Building district-level capacity for continuous improvement in maternal and newborn health. J Midwifery Womens Health 2015; 59 Suppl 1:S91-S100. [PMID: 24588921 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP) adapted a collaborative improvement strategy to develop woreda (district) leadership capacity to support and facilitate continuous improvement of community maternal and neonatal health (CMNH) and to provide a model for other woredas, dubbed "lead" woredas. Community-level quality improvement (QI) teams tested solutions to improve CMNH care supported by monthly coaching and regular meetings to share experiences. This study examines the extent of the capacity built to support continuous improvement in CMNH care. METHODS Surveys and in-depth interviews assessed the extent to which MaNHEP developed improvement capacity. A survey questionnaire evaluated woreda culture, leadership support, motivation, and capacity for improvement activities. Interviews focused on respondents' understanding and perceived value of the MaNHEP improvement approach. Bivariate analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the survey data. Interview transcripts were organized by region, cadre, and key themes. RESULTS Respondents reported significant positive changes in many areas of woreda culture and leadership, including involving a cross-section of community stakeholders (increased from 3.0 to 4.6 on 5-point Likert scale), using improvement data for decision making (2.8-4.4), using locally developed and tested solutions to improve CMNH care (2.5-4.3), demonstrating a commitment to improve the health of women and newborns (2.6-4.2), and creating a supportive environment for coaches and QI teams to improve CMNH (2.6-4.0). The mean scores for capacity were 3.7 and higher, reflecting respondents' agreement that they had gained capacity in improvement skills. Interview respondents universally recognized the capacity built in the woredas. The themes of community empowerment and focused improvement emerged strongly from the interviews. DISCUSSION MaNHEP was able to build capacity for continuous improvement and develop lead woredas. The multifaceted approach to building capacity was critical for the success in creating lead woredas able to serve as models for other districts.
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Stoecker BJ, Abebe Y, Hubbs-Tait L, Kennedy TS, Gibson RS, Arbide I, Teshome A, Westcott J, Krebs NF, Hambidge KM. Zinc status and cognitive function of pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63:916-8. [PMID: 19190668 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relation between zinc status and cognitive function was examined in a cross-sectional study in the Sidama area of Southern Ethiopia. Pregnant women >24 weeks of gestation from three adjacent rural villages volunteered to participate. Mean (s.d.) plasma zinc of 99 women was 6.97 (1.07) mumol/l (below the cutoff of 7.6 mumol/l indicative of zinc deficiency at this stage of gestation). The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) test was administered individually. Scores for the Raven's scale A, which is the simplest scale, ranged from 4 to 10 of a possible 12. Women with plasma zinc <7.6 mumol/l had significantly lower Raven's CPM scale A scores than women with plasma zinc concentrations >7.6 mumol/l. Plasma zinc and maternal age and education predicted 17% of the variation in Raven's CPM scale A scores. We conclude that zinc deficiency is a major factor affecting cognition in these pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 301 Human Environmental Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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