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Albreht A, Hussain H, Jiménez B, Yuen AHY, Whiley L, Witt M, Lewis MR, Chekmeneva E. Structure Elucidation and Mitigation of Endogenous Interferences in LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urine. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1760-1768. [PMID: 35026111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the main workhorse of metabolomics owing to its high degree of analytical sensitivity and specificity when measuring diverse chemistry in complex biological samples. LC-MS-based metabolic profiling of human urine, a biofluid of primary interest for clinical and biobank studies, is not widely considered to be compromised by the presence of endogenous interferences and is often accomplished using a simple "dilute-and-shoot" approach. Yet, it is our experience that broad obscuring signals are routinely observed in LC-MS metabolic profiles and represent interferences that lack consideration in the relevant metabolomics literature. In this work, we chromatographically isolated the interfering metabolites from human urine and unambiguously identified them via de novo structure elucidation as two separate proline-containing dipeptides: N,N,N-trimethyl-l-alanine-l-proline betaine (l,l-TMAP) and N,N-dimethyl-l-proline-l-proline betaine (l,l-DMPP), the latter reported here for the first time. Offline LC-MS/MS, magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (MRMS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were essential components of this workflow for the full chemical and spectroscopic characterization of these metabolites and for establishing the coexistence of cis and trans isomers of both dipeptides in solution. Analysis of these definitive structures highlighted intramolecular ionic interactions as responsible for slow interconversion between these isomeric forms resulting in their unusually broad elution profiles. Proposed mitigation strategies, aimed at increasing the quality of LC-MS-based urine metabolomics data, include modification of column temperature and mobile-phase pH to reduce the chromatographic footprint of these dipeptides, thereby reducing their interfering effect on the underlying metabolic profiles. Alternatively, sample dilution and internal standardization methods may be employed to reduce or account for the observed effects of ionization suppression on the metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Albreht
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Food Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Humma Hussain
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ada H Y Yuen
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Whiley
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Witt
- MRMS Solutions, Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, MRMS Solutions, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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2
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Wolfer AM, Correia GDS, Sands CJ, Camuzeaux S, Yuen AHY, Chekmeneva E, Takáts Z, Pearce JTM, Lewis MR. peakPantheR, an R package for large-scale targeted extraction and integration of annotated metabolic features in LC-MS profiling datasets. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:4886-4888. [PMID: 34125879 PMCID: PMC8665750 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted LC-MS profiling assays are capable of measuring thousands of chemical compounds in a single sample, but unreliable feature extraction and metabolite identification remain considerable barriers to their interpretation and usefulness. peakPantheR (Peak Picking and ANnoTation of High-resolution Experiments in R) is an R package for the targeted extraction and integration of annotated features from LC-MS profiling experiments. It takes advantage of chromatographic and spectral databases and prior information of sample matrix composition to generate annotated and interpretable metabolic phenotypic datasets and power workflows for real time data quality assessment. AVAILABILITY peakPantheR is available via Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/peakPantheR/). Documentation and worked examples are available at https://phenomecentre.github.io/peakPantheR.github.io/ and https://github.com/phenomecentre/metabotyping-dementia-urine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud M Wolfer
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo D S Correia
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Caroline J Sands
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Ada H Y Yuen
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Zoltán Takáts
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Jake T M Pearce
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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3
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Whiley L, Chekmeneva E, Berry DJ, Jiménez B, Yuen AHY, Salam A, Hussain H, Witt M, Takats Z, Nicholson J, Lewis MR. Systematic Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Urinary Metabolites Optimized for the Analytical-Scale Molecular Profiling Laboratory. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8873-8882. [PMID: 31188566 PMCID: PMC6666900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Annotation
and identification of metabolite biomarkers is critical
for their biological interpretation in metabolic phenotyping studies,
presenting a significant bottleneck in the successful implementation
of untargeted metabolomics. Here, a systematic multistep protocol
was developed for the purification and de novo structural elucidation
of urinary metabolites. The protocol is most suited for instances
where structure elucidation and metabolite annotation are critical
for the downstream biological interpretation of metabolic phenotyping
studies. First, a bulk urine pool was desalted using ion-exchange
resins enabling large-scale fractionation using precise iterations
of analytical scale chromatography. Primary urine fractions were collected
and assembled into a “fraction bank” suitable for long-term
laboratory storage. Secondary and tertiary fractionations exploited
differences in selectivity across a range of reversed-phase chemistries,
achieving the purification of metabolites of interest yielding an
amount of material suitable for chemical characterization. To exemplify
the application of the systematic workflow in a diverse set of cases,
four metabolites with a range of physicochemical properties were selected
and purified from urine and subjected to chemical formula and structure
elucidation by respective magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (MRMS)
and NMR analyses. Their structures were fully assigned as tetrahydropentoxyline,
indole-3-acetic-acid-O-glucuronide, p-cresol glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide. Unused effluent
was collected, dried, and returned to the fraction bank, demonstrating
the viability of the system for repeat use in metabolite annotation
with a high degree of efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Whiley
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute , Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , Burlington Danes Building , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - David J Berry
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Ada H Y Yuen
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Ash Salam
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Humma Hussain
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH , MRMS Solutions , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Zoltan Takats
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- The MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre and Imperial BRC Clinical Phenotyping Centre , Imperial College London , London , W12 0NN , United Kingdom
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Lewis MR, Pearce JTM, Spagou K, Green M, Dona AC, Yuen AHY, David M, Berry DJ, Chappell K, Horneffer-van der Sluis V, Shaw R, Lovestone S, Elliott P, Shockcor J, Lindon JC, Cloarec O, Takats Z, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Development and Application of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-TOF MS for Precision Large Scale Urinary Metabolic Phenotyping. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9004-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Lewis
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jake T. M. Pearce
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantina Spagou
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Green
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham
Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Dona
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ada H. Y. Yuen
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mark David
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Berry
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Chappell
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Horneffer-van der Sluis
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Shaw
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE
Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - John Shockcor
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Lindon
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Cloarec
- Korrigan Sciences Ltd., 38 Wakemans, Upper Basildon, Reading RG8 8JE, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- MRC-NIHR
National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Division
of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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5
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Yuen AHY, Khalpey Z, Zukowska P, Slominska EM, Taylor PM, Goldstein S, Heacox AE, Lavitrano M, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Nucleotide Catabolism on the Surface of Aortic Valve Xenografts; Effects of Different Decellularization Strategies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:119-26. [PMID: 26832118 PMCID: PMC4830859 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotide metabolism controls thrombosis and inflammation and may affect degeneration and calcification of aortic valve prostheses. We evaluated the effect of different decellularization strategies on enzyme activities involved in extracellular nucleotide metabolism. Porcine valves were tested intact or decellularized either by detergent treatment or hypotonic lysis and nuclease digestion. The rates of ATP hydrolysis, AMP hydrolysis, and adenosine deamination were estimated by incubation of aorta or valve leaflet sections with substrates followed by HPLC analysis. We demonstrated relatively high activities of ecto-enzymes on porcine valve as compared to the aortic wall. Hypotonic lysis/nuclease digestion preserved >80 % of ATP and AMP hydrolytic activity but reduced adenosine deamination to <10 %. Detergent decellularization completely removed (<5 %) all these activities. These results demonstrate high intensity of extracellular nucleotide metabolism on valve surface and indicate that various valve decellularization techniques differently affect ecto-enzyme activities that could be important in the development of improved valve prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ada H Y Yuen
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
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6
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Sarathchandra P, Smolenski RT, Yuen AHY, Chester AH, Goldstein S, Heacox AE, Yacoub MH, Taylor PM. Impact of γ-irradiation on extracellular matrix of porcine pulmonary valves. J Surg Res 2011; 176:376-85. [PMID: 22172131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix plays an important role in heart valve function. To improve the processing of porcine pulmonary valves for clinical use, we have studied the influence of cryopreservation, decellularization, and irradiation on extracellular matrix components. METHODS Decellularization was carried out followed by DNAseI/RNAseA digestion and isotonic washout. Valves were cryopreserved in 10% DMSO/10% fetal bovine serum, and then subjected to 25-40 kGy γ-radiation. Extracellular matrix constituents were evaluated by histologic staining, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS Histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical analyses demonstrated a marked reduction in the expression of extracellular matrix components particularly in the valves that had been γ-irradiated following decellularization and cryopreservation. In this group, histology and immunohistochemistry showed an obvious reduction in staining for chondroitin sulphates, versican, hyaluronan, and collagens. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the smallest fibril diameter of collagen, shortest D-period, and loss of compactness of collagen fiber packaging and fragmentation of elastic fibers. Biochemical analysis showed loss of collagen and elastin crosslinks. Decellularization followed by cryopreservation showed some reduction in staining for collagens and versican, smaller diameter, shorter D-period in collagen fibers, and ridges in elastic fibers. Cryopreservation alone showed minimal changes in ECM staining intensity, collagen, and elastin ultrastructure and biochemistry. CONCLUSION γ-Irradiated valves that have been decellularized and cryopreserved produces significant changes in the expression of ECM components, thus providing useful information for improving valve preparation for clinical use and also some indication as to why irradiated human heart valves were not clinically successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sarathchandra
- Heart Science Centre, NHLI, Imperial College London, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
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7
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Fukushima S, Campbell NG, Coppen SR, Yamahara K, Yuen AHY, Smolenski RT, Yacoub MH, Suzuki K. Quantitative assessment of initial retention of bone marrow mononuclear cells injected into the coronary arteries. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30:227-33. [PMID: 20971657 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracoronary injection of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) is a common clinical protocol of cell transplantation for heart disease, but poor engraftment of donor cells in the heart, which will limit its therapeutic efficacy, is a major issue. Initial "retention" (endothelial adherence and/or extravasation) of BMMNC immediately after intracoronary injection is a key step toward successful engraftment; however, this event has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study is to quantitatively clarify the frequency of "retention" of BMMNC after intracoronary injection, determine the impact of prior induction of ischemia-reperfusion injury on "retention" efficiency, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms focusing on adhesion molecule-mediated cell-cell interactions. METHODS One million BMMNC collected from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice were injected into the coronary arteries of syngeneic wild-type mouse hearts under Langendorff perfusion. Retention efficiency was quantitatively estimated from the GFP-positive cell number flushed out into the coronary effluent. RESULTS Whereas only 13.3 ± 1.2% of injected BMMNC were retained into normal hearts, prior induction of 30-minute ischemia and 30-minute reperfusion increased the retention efficiency to 36.5 ± 1.6% (p < 0.05, n = 8). Immunoconfocal observation further confirmed this enhanced retention after ischemia-reperfusion. Noticeably, the enhanced retention efficiency after ischemia-reperfusion treatment was diminished by administration of anti-P-selectin antibody (8.3 ± 0.8%, p < 0.05), but was not affected by inhibiting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (39.6 ± 3.3%) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (43.9 ± 2.9%). CONCLUSIONS Retention efficiency of intracoronary-injected BMMNC was poor in a model of isolated, crystalloid-perfused murine hearts. An antecedent period of global ischemia-reperfusion increased the retention via P-selectin-dependent BMMNC-endothelial interaction.
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8
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Dufour SP, Patel RP, Brandon A, Teng X, Pearson J, Barker H, Ali L, Yuen AHY, Smolenski RT, González-Alonso J. Erythrocyte-dependent regulation of human skeletal muscle blood flow: role of varied oxyhemoglobin and exercise on nitrite, S-nitrosohemoglobin, and ATP. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1936-46. [PMID: 20852046 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00389.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The erythrocyte is proposed to play a key role in the control of local tissue perfusion via three O(2)-dependent signaling mechanisms: 1) reduction of circulating nitrite to vasoactive NO, 2) S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb)-dependent vasodilatation, and 3) release of the vasodilator and sympatholytic ATP; however, their relative roles in vivo remain unclear. Here we evaluated each mechanism to gain insight into their roles in the regulation of human skeletal muscle blood flow during hypoxia and hyperoxia at rest and during exercise. Arterial and femoral venous hemoglobin O(2) saturation (O(2)Hb), plasma and erythrocyte NO and ATP metabolites, and leg and systemic hemodynamics were measured in 10 healthy males exposed to graded hypoxia, normoxia, and graded hyperoxia both at rest and during submaximal one-legged knee-extensor exercise. At rest, leg blood flow and NO and ATP metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes remained unchanged despite large alterations in O(2)Hb. During exercise, however, leg and systemic perfusion and vascular conductance increased in direct proportion to decreases in arterial and venous O(2)Hb (r(2) = 0.86-0.98; P = 0.01), decreases in venous plasma nitrite (r(2) = 0.93; P < 0.01), increases in venous erythrocyte nitroso species (r(2) = 0.74; P < 0.05), and to a lesser extent increases in erythrocyte SNO (r(2) = 0.59; P = 0.07). No relationship was observed with plasma ATP (r(2) = 0.01; P = 0.99) or its degradation compounds. These in vivo data indicate that, during low-intensity exercise and hypoxic stress, but not hypoxic stress alone, plasma nitrite consumption and formation of erythrocyte nitroso species are associated with limb vasodilatation and increased blood flow in the human skeletal muscle vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane P Dufour
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University West London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
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9
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Borkowski T, Slominska EM, Orlewska C, Yuen AHY, Al-Ayoubi S, Siondalski P, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Biological efficiency of AMP deaminase inhibitor: 3-[2-(3-carboxy-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5]-[1,3]diazepin-8-OL. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2010; 29:457-60. [PMID: 20544537 DOI: 10.1080/15257771003741299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AMP deaminase could be a potential target for treatment of heart disease but experimental evaluation of this concept is difficult due to limited availability of inhibitors with proven efficiency in biological systems. This study evaluated the effect of 3-[2-(3-carboxy-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo [4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol, an AMP deaminase inhibitor (AMPDI) on the pathways of nucleotide metabolism in perfused rat heart. We show that AMPDI at 0.3 mM concentration effectively inhibits AMP deaminase in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Khalpey Z, Yuen AHY, Lavitrano M, McGregor CGA, Kalsi KK, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Mammalian mismatches in nucleotide metabolism: implications for xenotransplantation. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 304:109-17. [PMID: 17657591 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute humoral rejection (AHR) limits the clinical application of animal organs for xenotransplantation. Mammalian disparities in nucleotide metabolism may contribute significantly to the microvascular component in AHR; these, however remain ill-defined. We evaluated the extent of species-specific differences in nucleotide metabolism. HPLC analysis was performed on venous blood samples (nucleotide metabolites) and heart biopsies (purine enzymes) from wild type mice, rats, pigs, baboons, and human donors.Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5'N) activities were 4-fold lower in pigs and baboon hearts compared to human and mice hearts while rat activity was highest. Similar differences between pigs and humans were also observed with kidneys and endothelial cells. More than 10-fold differences were observed with other purine enzymes. AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity was exceptionally high in mice but very low in pig and baboon hearts. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was highest in baboons. Adenosine kinase (AK) activity was more consistent across different species. Pig blood had the highest levels of hypoxanthine, inosine and adenine. Human blood uric acid concentration was almost 100 times higher than in other species studied. We conclude that species-specific differences in nucleotide metabolism may affect compatibility of pig organs within a human metabolic environment. Furthermore, nucleotide metabolic mismatches may affect clinical relevance of animal organ transplant models. Supplementation of deficient precursors or application of inhibitors of nucleotide metabolism (e.g., allopurinol) or transgenic upregulation of E5'N may overcome some of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Khalpey
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
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11
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Yuen AHY, Khalpey Z, Lavitrano M, McGregor CGA, Kalsi KK, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Differences in activities of the enzymes of nucleotide metabolism and its implications for cardiac xenotransplantation. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2007; 25:1221-4. [PMID: 17065095 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600894204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is one be possible solution for a severe shortage of human organs available for transplantation. However, only a few studies addressed metabolic compatibility of transplanted animal organs. Our aim was to compare activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in the heart of different species that are relevant to clinical or experimental xenotransplantation. We noted fundamental differences: ecto-5' nucleotidease (E5' N) activity was 4-fold lower in pig and baboon hearts compared to the human hearts while mouse activity was compatible with human and rat activity was three times higher than human. There also were significant differences in AMP-deaminase (AMPD), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities. We conclude that differences in nucleotide metabolism may contribute to organ dysfunction after xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Y Yuen
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK
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12
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Cullen ME, Yuen AHY, Felkin LE, Smolenski RT, Hall JL, Grindle S, Miller LW, Birks EJ, Yacoub MH, Barton PJR. Myocardial expression of the arginine:glycine amidinotransferase gene is elevated in heart failure and normalized after recovery: potential implications for local creatine synthesis. Circulation 2006; 114:I16-20. [PMID: 16820567 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapy consisting of mechanical unloading using a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and pharmacological intervention can promote recovery from end-stage heart failure, but the mechanism is unknown. Preliminary microarray analysis revealed a significant and unexpected decrease in myocardial arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) gene expression during recovery in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and role of AGAT expression in heart failure and recovery. METHODS AND RESULTS We used quantitative real time (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction to examine myocardial AGAT mRNA expression in implant and explant samples from recovering patients after combination therapy (n=12), end-stage heart failure (ESHF) samples from stable patients undergoing transplantation without LVAD support (n=10), and donor hearts with normal hemodynamic function (n=8). AGAT mRNA expression was significantly elevated in all heart failure patients relative to donors (4.3-fold [P<0.001] and 2.7-fold [P<0.005] in LVAD and ESHF relative to donors, respectively) and returned to normal levels after recovery. AGAT enzyme activity was detectable in both human and rat myocardia and was elevated in heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight local and potentially regulated expression of AGAT activity in the myocardium and suggest a specific response to heart failure involving elevated local creatine synthesis. These findings have implications both for the management of recovery patients undergoing combination therapy and for heart failure in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Cullen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
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13
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Yuen AHY, Boscoe M, Lango R, Suzuki K, Slominska EM, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Prevention of adriamycin induced heart failure by an increase in endogenous adenosine production. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:267-70. [PMID: 16021913 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-59705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) triggers several protective mechanisms that may attenuate development of heart failure, both locally and systemically. We developed a procedure allowing sustained increase in endogenous Ado production by the combined application of Ado metabolism inhibitors and nucleotide precursors. We found that our procedure attenuate the development of heart failure induced by adriamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Y Yuen
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
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14
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Kalsi KK, Yuen AHY, Johnson PH, Birks EJ, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. AMPD1 C34T mutation selectively affects AMP-deaminase activity in the human heart. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:287-8. [PMID: 16021918 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-59721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Possession of the nonsense mutation in AMPD 1 C34T gene has been linked to improved survival in patients with heart failure, possibly by promoting the formation of adenosine. This mutation is known to decrease the activity of AMP-deaminase in skeletal muscle. We have found that the AMPD1 mutation decreases the activity of AMP-deaminase in the heart without changing the activity of any other enzymes of adenine nucleotide metabolism. Protective mechanism of this mutation may be thus induced by local cardiac metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kalsi
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UK.
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15
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Yuen AHY, Yacoub MH, Birks EJ, Kalsi KK, Johnson PH, Smolenski RT. Association of improved cardiac function in donors with C34T mutation of the AMP deaminase 1 gene. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2005; 24:275-7. [PMID: 16021915 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-59709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Possession of the C34T mutation in AMP deaminase (AMPD1) gene has been shown to be associated with attenuation of the progression of heart failure and improved survival in ischemic heart disease. In this study, we examined the frequency of the mutation in the heart with good and poor cardiac function and in healthy controls. We found that there was no difference in the frequency of the mutation between the patients with heart failure and healthy controls. However, the frequency of the mutation in the healthy donor hearts was much higher when compared to healthy controls or donors with failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Y Yuen
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UK.
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16
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Soppa GKR, Smolenski RT, Latif N, Yuen AHY, Malik A, Karbowska J, Kochan Z, Terracciano CMN, Yacoub MH. Effects of chronic administration of clenbuterol on function and metabolism of adult rat cardiac muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288:H1468-76. [PMID: 15528231 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00624.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Clenbuterol (Clen), a β2-agonist, is known to produce skeletal and myocardial hypertrophy. This compound has recently been used in combination with left ventricular assist devices for the treatment of end-stage heart failure to reverse or prevent the adverse effects of unloading-induced myocardial atrophy. However, the mechanisms of action of Clen on myocardial cells have not been fully elucidated. In an attempt to clarify this issue, we examined the effects of chronic administration of Clen on Ca2+ handling and substrate preference in cardiac muscle. Rats were treated with either 2 mg·kg−1·day−1 Clen or saline (Sal) for 4 wk with the use of osmotic minipumps. Ventricular myocytes were enzymatically dissociated. Cells were field stimulated at 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients were monitored with the use of the fluorescent indicator indo-1 acetoxymethyl ester. Two-dimensional surface area and action potentials in current clamp were also measured. We found that in the Clen group there was significant hypertrophy at the organ and cellular levels compared with Sal. In Clen myocytes, the amplitude of the indo-1 ratio transients was significantly increased. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, estimated by rapid application of 20 mM caffeine, was significantly increased in the Clen group. The action potential was prolonged in the Clen group compared with Sal. Carbohydrate contribution to the tricarboxylic cycle (Krebs cycle) flux was increased several times in the Clen group. This increase was associated with decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. This study shows that chronic administration of Clen induces cellular hypertrophy and increases oxidative carbohydrate utilization together with an increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, which results in increased amplitude of the Ca2+ transients. These effects could be important when Clen is used in conjunction with left ventricular assist devices treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal K R Soppa
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK
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Yuen AHY, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Determination of clenbuterol concentration in human blood using liquid chromatography with electrospray/ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:3603-6. [PMID: 16276488 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Yacoub MH, Yuen AHY, Kalsi KK, Birks EJ, Taegtmeyer A, Barton PJ, Johnson PH, Suzuki K, Smolenski RT. C34T AMP DEAMINASE 1 GENE MUTATION PROTECTS CARDIAC FUNCTION IN DONORS. Transplantation 2004; 77:1621-3. [PMID: 15239633 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000122413.46512.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the donor heart is an important clinical problem that could be affected by genetic factors. We tested the hypothesis that possession of the C34T nonsense mutation in AMPD1 gene, which is known to improve survival in chronic heart failure, protects against cardiac dysfunction in donors. Genetic analysis for C34T mutation was performed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) in 22 donor hearts used for transplantation, 10 unused donor hearts with acute heart failure (HF), 37 patients with chronic HF, and 207 healthy controls. We found a significantly higher frequency of the mutation among donors with healthy hearts used for transplantation (31.8%) as compared to control population (13.5%, P < 0.001) and a lower frequency in dysfunctional donor hearts (5.0% P = 0.025); the frequency of the C34T mutation in patients with chronic heart failure (14.8%) was not different from that of a control population. The presence of the C34T mutation in AMPD1 gene appears to be protective against acute heart failure in cardiac donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdi H Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx UB9 6JH, UK.
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Kalsi KK, Yuen AHY, Rybakowska IM, Johnson PH, Slominska E, Birks EJ, Kaletha K, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Decreased cardiac activity of AMP deaminase in subjects with the AMPD1 mutation—A potential mechanism of protection in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2003; 59:678-84. [PMID: 14499869 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(03)00497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Possession of the C34T (Glu12Stop) nonsense mutation in the AMP-deaminase 1 (AMPD1) gene has been shown to be associated with improved prognosis in heart failure and ischemic heart disease. The most likely event leading to these clinical effects is a reduced capacity of the AMP deamination pathway and increased production of cardio-protective adenosine. However, since AMPD1 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, the protective effects could be related not only to local cardiac changes, but also to a systemic mechanism. In the present study we evaluated the effect of the C34T mutation on cardiac AMP-deaminase activity and on the systemic changes in adenosine production. METHODS The presence of the C34T mutation was assayed by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP). Analysis of the AMPD1 genotype and measurement of enzyme activities was performed on 27 patients with heart failure (HF). In addition, blood adenosine concentration was measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in 21 healthy subjects with established AMPD1 genotype at rest and following exhaustive exercise. RESULTS Cardiac AMP-deaminase activity in heterozygotes (C/T) was 0.59+/-0.02 nmol/min/g wet wt-about half of the activity found in normal wild-type (C/C) individuals (1.06+/-0.09 nmol/min/g wet wt, P=0.003). There were no significant differences in the activities of any other enzymes between subjects with the C/T or C/C genotype. Resting venous blood adenosine concentration was similar in subjects with C/C, C/T and homozygous for the mutated allele (T/T) genotype. Following exercise, a significant increase in adenosine was observed in T/T subjects (by 0.013+/-0.009 micromol/l, P=0.035) but not in C/C (0.003+/-0.009 micromol/l) or C/T (-0.002+/-0.011 micromol/l). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the C34T mutation of AMPD1 leads to a decrease in cardiac enzyme activity of AMP-deaminase without changes in any other adenosine-regulating enzymes, highlighting the importance of local cardiac metabolic changes. Systemic (blood) changes in adenosine concentration were apparent only in homozygous subjects and therefore may play a relatively small part in cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameljit K Kalsi
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK
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