Estudio de Validación de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson de 10- ítems entre Estudiantes de Medicina y Psicología Mexicanos

The factorial structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as factorial invariance of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) were determined. The sample was composed of 330 students (174 medical students and 156 psychology students) with a mean age of 20.20 years (SD = 2.33). The results obtained con-firm the unidimensional structure of the scale (χ2/df = 3.06, GFI = .93, CFI = .92, NFI = .90, TLI = .92, RMSEA = .08, and SRMR = .04), the factorial in-variance with respect to career, and good internal consistency (ω = .85 and α = .85). A statistically significant difference in the level of resilience bet-ween medical students (M = 20.64, SD = 4.48) and psychology students (M = 20.27, SD = 4.51) was found [t(281) = 2.65, p = .009, d = .20]. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of CD-RISC-10 with happiness and perceived stress was obtai-ned. It is concluded that CD-RISC-10 shows adequate psychometric properties to measure resi-lience in Mexican university students

Predicción de actitud hacia personas con VIH/SIDA y hacerse prueba del VIH

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo contrastar un modelo para predecir actitud hacia personas que viven con VIH/SIDA (PVVS) y hacerse la prueba del VIH. Se aplicó la Escala de Actitud hacia PVVS, la escala de actitud hacia hombres homosexuales y lesbianas, la escala de autoritarismo de ala derecha y preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, de conducta sexual y relaciones de amistad a 202 estudiantes de medicina mexicanos. Se usó un muestreo no probabilístico. Con buen ajuste a los datos, una actitud de mayor rechazo hacia PVVS fue predicha por orientación heterosexual, ser hombre y autoritarismo. La actitud hacia personas homosexuales tuvo una correlación sustantiva con actitud hacia PVVS, pero no fue un predictor. Hacerse la prueba del VIH fue predicho por ser hombre, actitud de aceptación hacia PVVS, tener amigos homosexuales y autoritarismo. Se concluye que el modelo especificado de corte psicosocial presenta gran capacidad explicativa.

Validation of the Mexican Spanish Version of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience in a Sample of Medical and Psychology Students

The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) aims to measure affect with high transcultural validity. The bifactor model is the best theoretical option to represent affective balance, although it is not typically used in validation studies. The objectives of this research were to test a bifactor model vis-à-vis the traditional model composed of two correlated factors, to prove its invariance across sexes, and to provide evidence of concurrent validity. A nonprobability sample composed of 600 Mexican students of psychology and medicine was recruit. One-group and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were carried out. The SPANE and the scales selected to assess depression, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life were applied. The bifactor model showed better goodness-of-fit indices than the two correlated factors model: Δχ²(11) = 121.436, p < . 001, Δχ²/Δdf = 11.04 > 5, ΔGFI = .034, ΔNFI = .025, ΔNNFI = .022, and ΔCFI = .023 >.01. The internal consistency for the general factor as well as for the factor of positive affect was excellent, whereas it was good for the factor of negative affect. The measurement model was valid across sexes. The general factor of affective balance had a very high correlation with depression, high with perceived stress, and medium with satisfaction with life. It is concluded that SPANE is reliable and shows evidence of validity among Mexican student of psychology and medicine, and the bifactor model is adequate to represent affective balance.

A New Brief Scale to Measure Optimism

This research was done to find if using maximum likelihood could reduce the Interactive Optimism Scale-Garcia to a new valid and reliable shorter version. There were 502 adults: 263 women and 239 men (M_age = 34.67, SD = 12.27). It was used in confirmatory factor analysis. A four-item scale is obtained, having excellent goodness of fit: [χ²/df = .609, GFI (Jöreskog and Sörbom's Goodness-of-Fit Index) = .999, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = .999, CFI (Bentler's Comparative Fit Index) = 1.000, RMSEA (Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation) = .000 (90% CI = .0001, .077); SRMR (standardized root mean square residual) = .007], as well as factorial invariance across sexes; the scale has good internal consistency (ω = .869, α = .858, ordinal α = .906). Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-G correlates significantly with self-esteem (r = .779, p < . 01, 95% CI [.816, .736]), depression (r = -.810, p < .01, 95% CI [.843, .772]), and psychopathy (r = -.670, p < . 01, 95% CI [.723, .611]). In conclusion, Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-G is a good option for measuring optimism in Mexicans.

Escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales en México 1

Este estudio tiene como objetivos calcular la consistencia interna de la escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales (ATLG) y sus factores, determinar la estructura factorial y comprobar su invarianza entre hombres y mujeres. Se levantó una muestra incidental de 356 estudiantes. Los 20 ítems fueron consistentes (α = .94). Se definió un factor de actitud hacia las lesbianas (.91) y dos factores de rechazo abierto (.85) y sutil (.78) hacia los hombres homosexuales. Esta estructura de tres factores correlacionados tuvo un ajuste adecuado a los datos y resultó estable entre hombres y mujeres. Se recomienda su uso en México.

Escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales (ATLG) 2

Este artículo tiene como objetivos describir la distribución de la Escala de Actitudes hacia Lesbianas y Hombres Homosexuales (ATLG; Herek, 1984) y aportar evidencias de validez. Se levantó una muestra incidental de 356 estudiantes. La distribución de la puntuación total se ajustó a una curva normal. Su correlación con la escala de homofobia (EHF; Moral & Martínez-Sulvarán, 2010) fue .76. Mostró la diferencia entre hombres y mujeres, entre personas que se definen heterosexuales y las que se definen no heterosexuales, y dentro de las personas heterosexuales entre las que tienen amigos o allegados homosexuales y las que no; lo que aporta pruebas de validez. Se recomienda su uso en México.

Modelos predictivos de actitud hacia homosexualidad en hombres heterosexuales

The aims of this paper were to predict membership to a group of attitude of acceptance or ambiguity-rejection toward homosexuality, and describe the attitude levels. The Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay men (ATLG) scale was applied to a non-probability sample of 239 single heterosexual men. All of them were students of health sciences. 15% expressed rejection (including 4% extreme) based on the ATLG total score. Rejection toward gay men (28% including 7% extreme) was higher than toward lesbians (9% including 2.5% extreme). Not having homosexual friends and having adscription to Christian or Catholic religions were significant predictors of belonging to the group with an ambiguity-rejection attitude. It is concluded that the percentage of rejection toward homosexuality is significant. For this reason it is encouraged to implement workshops for promoting an acceptance attitude, and consider these risk variables in their design.