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Hernandez J, Ashley D, Cao R, Abrahem R, Nguyen T, To K, Yegiazaryan A, Akinwale David A, Kumar Tiwari R, Venketaraman V. Cyclic Peptide [R 4W 4] in Improving the Ability of First-Line Antibiotics to Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inside in vitro Human Granulomas. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1677. [PMID: 32973740 PMCID: PMC7438584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently one of the leading causes of global mortality. Medical non-compliance due to the length of the treatment and antibiotic side effects has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) that are difficult to treat. A current therapeutic strategy attempting to circumvent this issue aims to enhance drug delivery to reduce the duration of the antibiotic regimen or dosage of first-line antibiotics. One such agent that may help is cyclic peptide [R4W4], as it has been shown to have antibacterial properties (in combination with tetracycline) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the past. The objective of this study is to test cyclic peptide [R4W4] both alone and in combination with current first-line antibiotics (either isoniazid or pyrazinamide) to study the effects of inhibition of M. tb inside in vitro human granulomas. Results from our studies indicate that [R4W4] is efficacious in controlling M. tb infection in the granulomas and has enhanced inhibitory effects in the presence of first-line antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hernandez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - David Ashley
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ruoqiong Cao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Abrahem
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Nguyen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly To
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Aram Yegiazaryan
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ajayi Akinwale David
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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