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Navigating responsible bio-political citizenship: Cross-country comparison of stigma in Covid-19 illness narratives in Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023:100291. [PMID: 37361642 PMCID: PMC10257512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to further understanding of discourses of responsible bio-political citizenship during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. This was an interview-based qualitative study comparing experiences of 103 people who were ill with Covid for the first time across 2020 in Japan, Germany, the USA and the UK. Comparative thematic analysis explored discussion of responsibility in relation to Covid illness, experiences of social fracture and stigma, and the strategies employed to resist or mitigate stigma. This comparative analysis highlighted significant similarities across countries. We identified three mysteries of Covid illness experiences that impacted the work of navigating biopolitical citizenship. First, the mystery of how people caught Covid. There was an inherent paradox of following guidance yet nonetheless falling ill. Disclosure of Covid to minimise onward transmission was held in tension with accusations of irresponsibility. Second, the mystery of onward transmission. Uncertainty about transmission placed participants in a liminal space of potentially having caused harm to others. Third, the mystery of how long illness should last. Uncertainty about ongoing infectiousness made social re-entry difficult, particularly in instances of persistent symptoms. We demonstrate the instability of certainty in the context of new and emerging forms of biopolitical citizenship. Guidance and emerging scientific evidence sought to demystify Covid through providing certainty that could guide responsible actions, but where citizens experienced paradoxes this had the potential to exacerbate stigma.
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Mineral acquisition of Japanese macaques: Contents in the foods, digestibility, and sodium-provisioning experiment. Am J Primatol 2023:e23502. [PMID: 37165525 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Minerals provide micronutrients that function in various ways in the body, and they are necessary for the survival of animals. In this study, we first compared the mineral content of foods of wild Japanese macaques in lowland Yakushima with that of monkey chow used for many years to feed captive macaques and specifically formulated to obtain good health in captive macaques (National Research Council [NRC] recommendations). Second, we clarified the mineral balance in captive individuals when feeding them monkey chow to clarify the digestibility/bioavailability of the minerals. Third, we investigated the physiological response when we experimentally increased sodium intake. In the lowland of Yakushima, which is in the vicinity (<800 m) of the coast, animals, fungi, and mature leaves had high sodium contents compared with NRC recommendations. The calcium contents of mature leaves and animals were higher than the NRC recommendations. The overall mineral intake in this population was lower than that in the captive animals for calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and iron, while similar for magnesium and higher in potassium. Patterns in the intake and excretion of minerals indicated that excretion was mostly from urine and not from feces, and apparent digestibility was high for sodium. This tendency was opposite for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus and intermediate for potassium. A sodium-provisioning experiment showed that fecal aldosterone concentration remained low in both control and sodium-provisioning conditions so the macaques do not need reabsorb sodium in the kidneys. Therefore, sodium content in the monkey chow, which is slightly lower than the NRC recommendation, seemed high enough so that the macaques could avoid the need to reabsorb sodium in the kidneys. We advocate similar studies for other primate populations or species to better understand the role of mineral concentrations on food selection and to identify potential mineral deficiencies.
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Seasonal responses and host uniqueness of gut microbiome of Japanese macaques in lowland Yakushima. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:54. [PMID: 36163043 PMCID: PMC9513907 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in the gut microbial composition is an important response to cope with the seasonal fluctuations in the environment such as food availability. We examined the bacterial gut microbiome of the wild nonhuman primate, Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) in Yakushima over 13 months by noninvasive continuous sampling from three identified adult females. Results Dietary composition varied considerably over the study period and displayed marked shifts with the seasons. Feeding of leaves, fruits, and invertebrates were their main foods for at least one month. Diet had a significant influence on the gut microbiome. We also confirmed significant effect of host uniqueness in the gut microbiome among the three macaques. Leaf-dominated diet shaped unique gut microbiome structures where the macaques had the highest alpha diversity and their gut microbiome was enriched with Spirochaetes and Tenericutes. Diet-related differences in the putative function were detected, such as a differentially abundant urea cycle during the leaf-feeding season. Conclusion Both diet and host individuality exerted similar amounts of effect on gut microbe community composition. Major bacterial taxa showed a similar response to monthly fluctuations of fruit and invertebrate feeding, which was largely opposite to that of leaf feeding. The main constituents of fruits and invertebrates are both digestible with the enzyme of the host animals, but that of leaves is not available as an energy source without the aid of the fermentation of the gut microbiome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00205-9.
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Effect of estrogen/progesterone ratio on the differentiation and the barrier function of epidermal keratinocyte and three-dimensional cultured human epidermis. Life Sci 2022; 293:120356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A new allele of <i>engrailed</i>, <i>en<sup>NK14</sup></i>, causes supernumerary spermathecae in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Genes Genet Syst 2021; 96:259-269. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.21-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fecal metabolite analysis of Japanese macaques in Yakushima by LC-MS/MS and LC-QTOF-MS. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1012-1015. [PMID: 33952783 PMCID: PMC8267200 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive fecal metabolite analysis using LC-MS/MS and LC-QTOF-MS
approaches as a preliminary study. Feces of Japanese macaques on Yakushima Island were
collected from five monkeys at two separate locations. Using the former methodology, 59
substances such as free amino acids, nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleic acid bases, and
organic acids in the citrate cycle were quantitatively detected and successfully
differentiated in two different monkey groups by the concentrations of nucleic acid
metabolites and free amino acids. In the latter, around 12,000 substances were detected
both by positive and negative mode in each sample. Differences in signal intensities were
observed between two monkey groups in the concentrations of plant secondary metabolites
such as cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolics.
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Stomach and colonic microbiome of wild Japanese macaques. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23242. [PMID: 33566369 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Within the gastrointestinal tract, the physiochemical microenvironments are highly diversified among the different stages of food digestion. Accordingly, gut microbiome composition and function vary at different gut sites. In this study, we examine and compare the compositional and functional potential between the stomach and colonic microbiome of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) living in the evergreen forest of Yakushima Island. We find a significantly lower microbial diversity in the stomach than in the colon, possibly due to the stomach's acidic and aerobic environment, which is suboptimal for microbial survival. According to past studies, the microbial taxa enriched in the stomach are aero- and acid-tolerant. By functional prediction through PICRUSt2, we reveal that the stomach microbiome is more enriched in pathways relating to the metabolism of simple sugars. On the contrary, the colonic microbiota is more enriched with fiber-degrading microbes, such as those from Lachnospiracea, Ruminococcaceae, and Prevotella. Our study shows a clear difference in the microbiome between the stomach and colon of Japanese macaques in both composition and function. This study provides a preliminary look at the alpha diversity and taxonomic composition within the stomach microbiome of Japanese macaques, a hindgut-fermenting nonhuman primate.
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Fermentation Ability of Gut Microbiota of Wild Japanese Macaques in the Highland and Lowland Yakushima: In Vitro Fermentation Assay and Genetic Analyses. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:459-474. [PMID: 32328670 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata Blyth) living in the highland and lowland areas of Yakushima are known to have different diets, with highland individuals consuming more leaves. We aim to clarify whether and how these differences in diet are also reflected by gut microbial composition and fermentation ability. Therefore, we conduct an in vitro fermentation assay using fresh feces from macaques as inoculum and dry leaf powder of Eurya japonica Thunb. as a substrate. Fermentation activity was higher for feces collected in the highland, as evidenced by higher gas and butyric acid production and lower pH. Genetic analysis indicated separation of highland and lowland in terms of both community structure and function of the gut microbiota. Comparison of feces and suspension after fermentation indicated that the community structure changed during fermentation, and the change was larger for lowland samples. Analysis of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 barcoding region of the gut microbiota showed that community structure was clearly clustered between the two areas. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis indicated separation by gene and pathway abundance patterns. Two pathways (glycogen biosynthesis I and D-galacturonate degradation I) were enriched in lowland samples, possibly related to the fruit-eating lifestyle in the lowland. Overall, we demonstrated that the more leaf-eating highland Japanese macaques harbor gut microbiota with higher leaf fermentation ability compared with the more fruit-eating lowland ones. Broad, non-specific taxonomic and functional gut microbiome differences suggest that this pattern may be driven by a complex interplay between many taxa and pathways rather than single functional traits.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Esophageal peristalsis is a highly sophisticated function that involves the coordinated contraction and relaxation of striated and smooth muscles in a cephalocaudal fashion, under the control of central and peripheral neuronal mechanisms and a number of neurotransmitters. Esophageal peristalsis is determined by the balance of the intrinsic excitatory cholinergic, inhibitory nitrergic and post-inhibitory rebound excitatory output to the esophageal musculature. RECENT FINDINGS Dissociation of the longitudinal and circular muscle contractions characterizes different major esophageal disorders and leads to esophageal symptoms. Provocative testing during esophageal high-resolution manometry is commonly employed to assess esophageal body peristaltic reserve and underpin clinical diagnosis. Herein, we summarize the main factors that determine esophageal peristalsis and examine their role in major and minor esophageal motility disorders and eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Caused by Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Candida Species in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:993-997. [PMID: 30979493 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recipients of organ transplants are immunosuppressed and at high risk of oral infection. Oral diseases are often neglected compared with infections of other organs that typically confer higher morbidity. However, severe local symptoms hinder oral intake, decrease quality of life, and are sometimes lethal. Here we describe a case of a 57-year-old woman who developed recurrent aphthous stomatitis after kidney transplantation; the cause of the infection was complex and included cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Candida species. Since misdiagnosis of oral diseases impairs patient quality of life and increases morbidity, clinicians should be aware of possible etiologies of oral infections in renal transplant recipients.
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Estimating the Net Utility Gains Among Donors and Recipients of Adult Living Donor Kidney Transplant. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:676-683. [PMID: 30979450 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Living donor kidney transplant relieves the disease burden of patients with end-stage renal disease but may shorten donor life expectancy; however, their quality of life (QOL) is preserved. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the net gain of this procedure is unknown. We evaluated the QOL of both donors and recipients concurrently and calculated the net utility gain. METHODS We recruited 210 subjects who visited the kidney transplantation clinic of a university hospital. Subjects were asked to complete the 5-level EQ-5D-based questionnaire, and patient characteristics were extracted from their medical records. We performed multivariate tobit models analysis to evaluate the QOL change caused by transplant surgery and subsequently ran computational simulations to determine the net utility gains of donors and recipients. We also performed sensitivity analyses. RESULTS After excluding 16 answers with missing data, we analyzed 203 answers in total. After the transplant surgery, recipients gained 0.07 in utility value while donors lost 0.04. In the net utility analysis, we found that the quality-adjusted life years gained ranged from 7.2 to 7.8 in the most favorable case observed in the combination of middle-aged recipients and elderly donors. Assuming no utility discount, the most favorable combination was that with older donors and younger recipients. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the QOL improvement in recipients was larger than the loss among donors. When calculating the net utilities, a combination of middle-aged recipients and elderly donors yielded the largest net utility, but this was likely derived from assumption in the discount of QOL.
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First report of foregut microbial community in proboscis monkeys: are diverse forests a reservoir for diverse microbiomes? ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:655-662. [PMID: 29992728 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foregut fermentation is well known to occur in a wide range of mammalian species and in a single bird species. Yet, the foregut microbial community of free-ranging, foregut-fermenting monkeys, that is, colobines, has not been investigated so far. We analysed the foregut microbiomes in four free-ranging proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) from two different tropical habitats with varying plant diversity (mangrove and riverine forests), in an individual from a semi-free-ranging setting with supplemental feeding, and in an individual from captivity, using high-throughput sequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA genes. We found a decrease in foregut microbial diversity from a diverse natural habitat (riverine forest) to a low diverse natural habitat (mangrove forest), to human-related environments. Of a total of 2700 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in all environments, only 153 OTUs were shared across all individuals, suggesting that they were not influenced by diet or habitat. These OTUs were dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The relative abundance of the habitat-specific microbial communities showed a wide range of differences among living environments, although such bacterial communities appeared to be dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, suggesting that those phyla are key to understanding the adaptive strategy in proboscis monkeys living in different habitats.
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Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in the Minami‐daito Island population of the Ryukyu scops owl
Otus elegan
s. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Improving the standards for gut microbiome analysis of fecal samples: insights from the field biology of Japanese macaques on Yakushima Island. Primates 2018; 59:423-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Universal modeling of weak antilocalization corrections in quasi-two-dimensional electron systems using predetermined return orbitals. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:023309. [PMID: 28297901 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method to calculate the weak localization and antilocalization corrections based on the real-space simulation, where we provide 147 885 predetermined return orbitals of quasi-two-dimensional electrons with up to 5000 scattering events that are repeatedly used. Our model subsumes that of Golub [L. E. Golub, Phys. Rev. B 71, 235310 (2005)PRBMDO1098-012110.1103/PhysRevB.71.235310] when the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is assumed. Our computation is very simple, fast, and versatile, where the numerical results, obtained all at once, cover wide ranges of the magnetic field under various one-electron interactions H^{'} exactly. Thus, it has straightforward extensibility to incorporate interactions other than the Rashba SOI, such as the linear and cubic Dresselhaus SOIs, Zeeman effect, and even interactions relevant to the valley and pseudo spin degrees of freedom, which should provide a unique tool to study new classes of materials like emerging 2D materials. Using our computation, we also demonstrate the robustness of a persistent spin helix state against the cubic Dresselhaus SOI.
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Treatment of acute bleeding in acquired haemophilia A with recombinant activated factor VII: analysis of 10-year Japanese postmarketing surveillance data. Haemophilia 2016; 23:50-58. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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SU-G-JeP1-11: Feasibility Study of Markerless Tracking Using Dual Energy Fluoroscopic Images for Real-Time Tumor-Tracking Radiotherapy System. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Evaluation of Dose Distribution and Tracking Accuracy in Dynamic Tumor-Tracking Irradiation for Liver Tumors Using a Gimbaled Linac. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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TH-C-12A-03: Development of Expanded Field Irradiation Technique with Gimbaled X-Ray Head. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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EP-1655: Development of hybrid dynamic tumor tracking irradiation using Vero4DRT: A preliminary study. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mycophagy among Japanese macaques in Yakushima: fungal species diversity and behavioral patterns. Primates 2013; 55:249-57. [PMID: 24338126 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycophagy (fungus-feeding) by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in Yakushima has been observed by many researchers, but no detailed information is available on this behavior, including which fungal species are consumed. To provide a general description of mycophagy and to understand how and whether macaques avoid poisonous fungi, we conducted behavioral observation of wild Japanese macaques in Yakushima and used molecular techniques to identify fungal species. The results indicate that the diet of the macaques contains a large variety of fungal species (67 possible species in 31 genera), although they compose a very small portion of the total diet (2.2% of annual feeding time). Fungi which were eaten by macaques immediately after they were picked up were less likely to be poisonous than those which were examined (sniffed, nibbled, carefully handled) by macaques. However, such examining behaviors did not appear to increase the macaques' abilities to detect poisonous fungi. Fungi that were only partially consumed included more poisonous species than those fully consumed with/without examining behavior, yet this was not significant. Taste, therefore, might also play an important role in discriminating poisonous from non-poisonous.
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Short-term separation from groups by male Japanese macaques: Costs and benefits in feeding behavior and social interaction. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:374-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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SU-E-J-23: Automatic Detection of Spherical Gold Fiducials in KV X-Ray Images Having Scattered KV and MV X-Ray. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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PO-0871: Beam positioning accuracy of dynamic tumor-tracking during arc irradiation with gimbaled x-ray head. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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EP-1315: Development of a patient-specific collision detection simulator among gantry, couch, and patient for Vero4DRT. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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EP-1291: Investigation of well-balanced kV x-ray imaging conditions between skin dose and image quality using Vero4DRT. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Estimation of a Tracking Margin in Surrogate Signal-based Dynamic Tumor Tracking Irradiation With 4DRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Intrafractional Tracking Accuracy in Surrogate Signal-based Dynamic Tumor Tracking Irradiation With 4DRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Realization of Dynamic Tumor Tracking Irradiation With Real-time Monitoring in Lung Tumor Patients Using a Gimbaled X-ray Head Radiation Therapy Equipment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Four-dimensional Monte Carlo Dose Calculation Method for Dynamic Tumor Tracking Irradiation With a Gimbaled X-ray Head. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dependency of Imaging Conditions on a Marker Detectability Using kV X-ray Images in the Tracking Irradiation With Vero4DRT (MHI-TM2000). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The meaning of life prognosis disclosure for Japanese cancer patients: a qualitative study of patients' narratives. Chronic Illn 2012; 8:225-36. [PMID: 22609850 DOI: 10.1177/1742395312448940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, disclosure of cancer diagnosis is common in Japan, but significant variability in patient preference of prognostic disclosure poses difficult questions for doctors. The aim of this study was to understand the reasons for wanting or not wanting to know life prognosis and how the information was interpreted and utilized by the patients. METHODS The study was based on narrative interviews with 42 women with breast cancer and 49 men with prostate cancer, in varying stages. A qualitative and interpretive approach was taken, combining thematic analysis with constant comparison. RESULTS While some of the participants voluntarily asked for prognosis to prepare themselves for the end of life, others were shocked by unexpected and unilateral disclosure. Some obtained prognostic information from books and websites. Some preferred to remain unaware of life prognosis, partly because they feared it would become a self-fulfilling prophecy. DISCUSSION The major problem underlying the practice of prognostic disclosure is the absence of mutual understanding of how such information will be utilized. These findings affirm that it should be used to empower patients to participate in the decision-making process.
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SU-E-J-142: Gafchromic Film Dosimetry in Fluoroscopy for Dynamic Tumor Tracking Irradiation of the Lung Using XR-SP2 Model - A Phantom Study -. Med Phys 2012; 39:3685. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-E-T-106: Evaluation of Sensitivity and Uniformity of New Radiochromic Film with Two Commercial Scanners. Med Phys 2012; 39:3727. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-C-BRA-04: Determination of the Optimal X-Ray Monitoring Angle for Creating a Correlation Model in Dynamic Tumor Tracking Irradiation with Vero4DRT(MHI-TM2000). Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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WE-G-213CD-09: Quality Assurance of the Surrogate Signal-Based Dynamic Tumor-Tracking Irradiation with Vero4DRT (MHI-TM2000). Med Phys 2012; 39:3972. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-E-T-339: First Evaluation of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Delivery Accuracy during Real-Time Tracking Using a Gimbaled X-Ray Head of Vero4DRT (MHI-TM2000). Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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OC-0024 DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC TUMOR TRACKING IRRADIATION SYSTEM, VERO4DRT (MHI-TM2000), WITH A GIMBALED X-RAY HEAD. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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OC-0166 AN INITIAL EXPERIENCE OF DYNAMIC TUMOR TRACKING IRRADIATION WITH REAL-TIME MONITORING USING VERO4DRT (MHI-TM2000). Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gross motor development is usually assessed in terms of age of achievement of motor milestones. Although there is generally an impression of faster development if the milestones are achieved at younger ages, no longitudinal studies have been done on the associations between the milestones, especially in Japan. As a part of the Japan Children's Study, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the achievement of gross motor milestones in infancy is related with the age of walking. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 290 healthy and term infants born in a district of Osaka City, Japan. Three milestones (rolling over, sitting, and crawling) were observed in the laboratory for infants aged at 4 and 9 months by a pediatrician and a developmental psychologist, and the age of walking was confirmed in questionnaires filled in by the parents at 18 and 27 months. RESULTS Children who could roll over at 4 months, and sit and crawl at 9 months, walked earlier than children who could not roll over, sit and crawl, respectively. With regard to crawling, children who were creeping had a 1 month delay in walking, and those who could not move forward had a 2 month delay compared to typical crawlers. On multiple regression analysis these three milestones were positively associated with walking: rolling over (β= 0.567), sitting (β= 1.973) and crawling (β= 1.473). CONCLUSION The age and the patterns of sitting, crawling and rolling over were all related to the age of independent walking among Japanese infants. Consideration of milestone definition and variations is essential in medical check-up.
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Evaluation of setup accuracy for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in MHI-TM2000 System (Vero). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Differences In Dose Distributions Between The Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm And The AcurosXB For Clinical Cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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SU-E-T-673: Development of Monte Carlo Dose Calculation System for Tumor-Tracking Irradiation with a Gimbaled X-Ray Head. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-E-J-151: Geometric Accuracy of the X-Ray Image-Based Dynamic Tracking for a Four-Dimensional Image-Guided Radiotherapy System with Gimbals Mechanism of MHI-TM2000 (Vero). Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-E-J-147: Effect of Audio Instruction on the Tracking Accuracy for a Four- Dimensional Image-Guided Radiotherapy System, MHI-TM2000 (VERO). Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-E-J-30: Evaluation of 3D and 4D Delivered Dose with AAA and XVMC Dose Calculation Algorithms in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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SU-E-J-24: Measurement of Skin Dose toward Real-Time Tumor Tracking Irradiation in MHI-TM2000 (VERO): A Preliminary Study. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Nuclear factor kappa B plays a pivotal role in polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced expression of human β-defensin 2 in intestinal epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:85-93. [PMID: 21501152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play an important role in protecting the intestinal surface from invading pathogens by producing effector molecules. IECs are one of the major sources of human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2), and can produce it in response to a variety of stimuli. Although IECs express Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and can respond to its ligand, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), hBD-2 expression in response to dsRNA has not been elucidated. In the present study, using an artificial analogue of dsRNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), we investigated whether the human IEC line, HT-29, can produce hBD-2 in response to poly I:C. HT-29 cells can express hBD-2 mRNA only when stimulated with poly I:C. The induction of hBD-2 mRNA expression was observed at 3 h after stimulation and peaked at 12 h of post-stimulation. Pre-incubation of the cells with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-specific inhibitor, l-1-4'-tosylamino-phenylethyl-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and isohelenine abolished the expression of hBD-2. Detection of the poly I:C signal by TLR-3 on the surface of HT-29 cells was revealed by pre-incubating the cells with anti-TLR-3 antibody. The 5'-regulatory region of the hBD-2 gene contains two NF-κB binding sites. A luciferase assay revealed the importance of the proximal NF-κB binding site for poly I:C-induced expression of hBD-2. Among NF-κB subunits, p65 and p50 were activated by poly I:C stimulation and accumulated in the nucleus. Activation of the p65 subunit was investigated further by determining its phosphorylation status, which revealed that poly I:C stimulation resulted in prolonged phosphorylation of p65. These results indicate clearly that NF-κB plays an indispensable role in poly I:C induced hBD-2 expression in HT-29 cells.
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