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Jiménez-González V, Ogalla-García E, García-Quintanilla M, García-Quintanilla A. Deciphering GRINA/Lifeguard1: Nuclear Location, Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Vesicle Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164005. [PMID: 31426446 PMCID: PMC6719933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic NMDA-Associated Protein 1 (GRINA) belongs to the Lifeguard family and is involved in calcium homeostasis, which governs key processes, such as cell survival or the release of neurotransmitters. GRINA is mainly associated with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endosome, and the cell surface, but its presence in the nucleus has not been explained yet. Here we dissect, with the help of different software tools, the potential roles of GRINA in the cell and how they may be altered in diseases, such as schizophrenia or celiac disease. We describe for the first time that the cytoplasmic N-terminal half of GRINA (which spans a Proline-rich domain) contains a potential DNA-binding sequence, in addition to cleavage target sites and probable PY-nuclear localization sequences, that may enable it to be released from the rest of the protein and enter the nucleus under suitable conditions, where it could participate in the transcription, alternative splicing, and mRNA export of a subset of genes likely involved in lipid and sterol synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, or cell cycle progression. To support these findings, we include additional evidence based on an exhaustive review of the literature and our preliminary data of the protein–protein interaction network of GRINA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Ogalla-García
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Meritxell García-Quintanilla
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Albert García-Quintanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Orts A, Revilla E, Rodriguez-Morgado B, Castaño A, Tejada M, Parrado J, García-Quintanilla A. Protease technology for obtaining a soy pulp extract enriched in bioactive compounds: isoflavones and peptides. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01958. [PMID: 31294110 PMCID: PMC6595185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a new bioprocess process for the extraction of bioactive components from soy pulp by-product (okara) using an enzymatic technology that was compared to a conventional water extraction. Okara is rich in fiber, fat, protein, and bioactive compounds such as isoflavones but its low solubility hampers the use in food and fertilizer industry. After the enzymatic attack with endoproteases half of the original insoluble proteins were converted into soluble peptides. Linked to this process occured the solubilization of isoflavones trapped in the insoluble protein matrix. We were able to extract up to 62.5% of the total isoflavones content, specially aglycones, the more bioactive isoflavone forms, whose values rose 9.12 times. This was probably due to the increased solubilization and interconversion from the original isoflavones. In conclusion, our process resulted in the formulation of a new functional product rich in aglycones and bioactive peptides with higher antioxidant potency than the original source. Therefore, we propose that the enzymatic extraction of okara bioactive compounds is an advantageous tool to replace conventional extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Orts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Elisa Revilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Bruno Rodriguez-Morgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Angélica Castaño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Manuel Tejada
- Department of Crystallography, Mineralogy and Agricultural Chemistry, ETSIA, University of Seville. Ctr. Utrera Km 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Juan Parrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Albert García-Quintanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
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Ismaiel AAK, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Santiago M, García-Quintanilla A, Oliva-Martín MJ, Herrera AJ, Venero JL, de Pablos RM. Metformin, besides exhibiting strong in vivo anti-inflammatory properties, increases mptp-induced damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 298:19-30. [PMID: 26971375 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used oral antidiabetic drug with known anti-inflammatory properties due to its action on AMPK protein. This drug has shown a protective effect on various tissues, including cortical neurons. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metformin on the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of mice using the animal model of Parkinson's disease based on the injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex I. In vivo and in vitro experiments were used to study the activation of microglia and the damage of the dopaminergic neurons. Our results show that metformin reduced microglial activation measured both at cellular and molecular levels. Rather than protecting, metformin exacerbated dopaminergic damage in response to MPTP. Our data suggest that, contrary to other brain structures, metformin treatment could be deleterious for the dopaminergic system. Hence, metformin treatment may be considered as a risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah A K Ismaiel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Martiniano Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Albert García-Quintanilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J Oliva-Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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García-Quintanilla A. Overcoming viral escape with vaccines that generate and display antigen diversity in vivo. Virol J 2007; 4:125. [PMID: 18034902 PMCID: PMC2169210 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral diversity is a key problem for the design of effective and universal vaccines. Virtually, a vaccine candidate including most of the diversity for a given epitope would force the virus to create escape mutants above the viability threshold or with a high fitness cost. Presentation of the hypothesis Therefore, I hypothesize that priming the immune system with polyvalent vaccines where each single vehicle generates and displays multiple antigen variants in vivo, will elicit a broad and long-lasting immune response able to avoid viral escape. Testing the hypothesis To this purpose, I propose the use of yeasts that carry virus-like particles designed to pack the antigen-coding RNA inside and replicate it via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This would produce diversity in vivo limited to the target of interest and without killing the vaccine vehicle. Implications of the hypothesis This approach is in contrast with peptide cocktails synthesized in vitro and polyvalent strategies where every cell or vector displays a single or definite number of mutants; but similarly to all them, it should be able to overcome original antigenic sin, avoid major histocompatibility complex restriction, and elicit broad cross-reactive immune responses. Here I discuss additional advantages such as minimal global antagonism or those derived from using a yeast vehicle, and potential drawbacks like autoimmunity. Diversity generated by this method could be monitored both genotypically and phenotypically, and therefore selected or discarded before use if needed.
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García-Quintanilla A, González-Martín J, Tudó G, Espasa M, Jiménez de Anta MT. Simultaneous identification of Mycobacterium genus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples by 5'-exonuclease fluorogenic PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4646-51. [PMID: 12454166 PMCID: PMC154622 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4646-4651.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of tuberculosis and screening of other mycobacteria is required for the appropriate management of patients. We have therefore developed a 5'-exonuclease fluorogenic PCR assay in a single-tube balanced heminested format that simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and members of the Mycobacterium genus (MYC) using the 16S ribosomal DNA target directly on clinical samples. One hundred twenty-seven clinical samples (65 smear negative and 62 smear positive) with a positive culture result from 127 patients were tested, including 40 negative control specimens. The finding of both a positive MTC and probe value and a positive MYC probe value confirmed the presence of MTC or mycobacteria with a 100% positive predictive value. However, a negative value for MTC or MYC did not discount the presence of mycobacteria in the specimen. Interestingly, the addition of the MYC probe allowed the diagnosis of an additional 7% of patients with tuberculosis and rapid screening of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Thus, over 75% of the patients were diagnosed with mycobacterial disease by PCR. The sensitivity was much higher on smear-positive samples (90.3%) than smear-negative samples (49.2%) and was slightly higher for MTC than NTM samples. With regard to the origin of the sample, MTC pulmonary samples gave better results than others. In conclusion, we believe this test may be useful for the rapid detection of mycobacteria in clinical samples and may be a valuable tool when used together with conventional methods and the clinical data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert García-Quintanilla
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Servei de Microbiologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián González-Martín
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Servei de Microbiologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Clínic, C/Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain. Phone: 34-932275522. Fax: 34-932275454. E-mail:
| | - Griselda Tudó
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Servei de Microbiologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateu Espasa
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Servei de Microbiologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María T. Jiménez de Anta
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Servei de Microbiologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pí i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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García-Quintanilla A, Garcia L, Tudó G, Navarro M, González J, Jiménez de Anta MT. Single-tube balanced heminested PCR for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smear-negative samples. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1166-9. [PMID: 10699014 PMCID: PMC86365 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1166-1169.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve more sensitive and specific results for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis, we have developed a new method, named balanced heminested PCR, which avoids the inconvenience of asymmetric amplification and has the advantages of single-tube heminested PCR. This was achieved by replacing the outer primer that participates in both rounds of amplification in the standard heminested technique by another primer containing the sequence of the inner primer attached at its 5' end. When both techniques were tested for the IS6110 target of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in 80 smear-negative culture-positive sputum samples and 60 control samples, the results showed 100% specificity for both techniques and sensitivities of 60 and 75% for heminested PCR and balanced heminested PCR, respectively (P = 0.02). In conclusion, the balanced heminested technique shows a higher sensitivity than that of the standard heminested, and it could be applied to any PCR by attaching the inner primer at the 5' end of the opposite outer primer. Thus, the balanced heminested technique provides a target for the inner primer in both strands, avoiding asymmetric amplification and thereby resulting in a more efficient amplification, and, in practice, a higher sensitivity without loss of specificity and with a minimum risk of cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Quintanilla
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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