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Carl S, Will J, Madubuko N, Götz A, Przybilla T, Wu M, Raman N, Wirth J, Taccardi N, Zubiri BA, Haumann M, Wasserscheid P, Spiecker E. Structural Evolution of GaO x-Shell and Intermetallic Phases in Ga-Pt Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4711-4720. [PMID: 38657124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive scale-bridging characterization approach for supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) which combines lab-based X-ray microscopy, nano X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT), and correlative analytical transmission electron microscopy. SCALMS catalysts consist of low-melting alloy particles and have demonstrated high catalytic activity, selectivity, and long-term stability in propane dehydrogenation (PDH). We established an identical-location nano-CT workflow which allows us to reveal site-specific changes of Ga-Pt SCALMS before and after PDH. These observations are complemented by analytical transmission electron microscopy investigations providing information on the structure, chemical composition, and phase distribution of individual SCALMS particles. Key findings of this combined microscopic approach include (i) structural evolution of the SCALMS particles' GaOx shell, (ii) Pt segregation toward the oxide shell leading to the formation of Ga-Pt intermetallic phases, and (iii) cracking of the oxide shell accompanied by the release of liquid Ga-Pt toward the porous support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carl
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Will
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Madubuko
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Götz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Przybilla
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Wu
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Raman
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wirth
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Taccardi
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Haumann
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - P Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK 11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Hole MJ, Jørgensen KK, Holm K, Braadland PR, Meyer-Myklestad MH, Medhus AW, Reikvam DH, Götz A, Grzyb K, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH, Kummen M, Hov JR. Reply: The mucosal gut signature in primary sclerosing cholangitis before and after liver transplantation. Is the dysbiosis index really predictive for the recurrence of PSC? Hepatology 2023; 77:E188-E189. [PMID: 36815351 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikal J Hole
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin K Jørgensen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristian Holm
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder R Braadland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin H Meyer-Myklestad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asle W Medhus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag H Reikvam
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Grzyb
- Division of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten M Boberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Kummen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Hole MJ, Jørgensen KK, Holm K, Braadland PR, Meyer‐Myklestad MH, Medhus AW, Reikvam DH, Götz A, Grzyb K, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH, Kummen M, Hov JR. A shared mucosal gut microbiota signature in primary sclerosing cholangitis before and after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2023; 77:715-728. [PMID: 36056902 PMCID: PMC9936983 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several characteristic features of the fecal microbiota have been described in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), whereas data on mucosal microbiota are less consistent. We aimed to use a large colonoscopy cohort to investigate key knowledge gaps, including the role of gut microbiota in PSC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the effect of liver transplantation (LT), and whether recurrent PSC (rPSC) may be used to define consistent microbiota features in PSC irrespective of LT. APPROACH AND RESULTS We included 84 PSC and 51 liver transplanted PSC patients (PSC-LT) and 40 healthy controls (HCs) and performed sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V3-V4) from ileocolonic biopsies. Intraindividual microbial diversity was reduced in both PSC and PSC-LT versus HCs. An expansion of Proteobacteria was more pronounced in PSC-LT (up to 19% relative abundance) than in PSC (up to 11%) and HCs (up to 8%; Q FDR < 0.05). When investigating PSC before (PSC vs. HC) and after LT (rPSC vs. no-rPSC), increased variability (dispersion) in the PSC group was found. Five genera were associated with PSC before and after LT. A dysbiosis index calculated from the five genera, and the presence of the potential pathobiont, Klebsiella , were associated with reduced LT-free survival. Concomitant IBD was associated with reduced Akkermansia . CONCLUSIONS Consistent mucosal microbiota features associated with PSC, PSC-IBD, and disease severity, irrespective of LT status, highlight the usefulness of investigating PSC and rPSC in parallel, and suggest that the impact of gut microbiota on posttransplant liver health should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikal Jacob Hole
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristian Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder R. Braadland
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Holm Meyer‐Myklestad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asle Wilhelm Medhus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Henrik Reikvam
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Grzyb
- Division of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Muri Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Kummen
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes R. Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Centre, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Götz A, Beggel S, Geist J. Dietary exposure to four sizes of spherical polystyrene, polylactide and silica nanoparticles does not affect mortality, behaviour, feeding and energy assimilation of Gammarus roeseli. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 238:113581. [PMID: 35525113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and persistence of plastic nanoparticles in aquatic habitats are considered a threat to marine and freshwater biota. However, the risk assessment of plastic particles is complicated due to various factors that need to be considered, including composition, size and environmental abundance. This study investigated the behavioural response of a key river species, Gammarus roeseli, to dietary exposure of plain biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic as well as to natural small micro- and nanoparticles. Mortality, feeding, swimming velocity and energy assimilation endpoints were examined by considering four particles sizes ranging from 30 to 1000 nm in two concentrations. Contrary to our expectations, neither decreasing size nor increasing abundance of each tested particle impacted any of the examined endpoints. Likewise, dietary exposition with biodegradable plain polylactide did not induce other or stronger effects than non-biodegradable plain polystyrene or natural silica micro- and nanoparticles, as all three particle types did not lead to adverse effects on G. roeseli. These findings also suggest that the functional role of Gammarus roeseli as a shredder is not impaired due to particle occurrence within the exposure range of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Götz
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - S Beggel
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - J Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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Awoyemi A, Mayerhofer C, Felix AS, Hov JR, Moscavitch SD, Lappegård KT, Hovland A, Halvorsen S, Halvorsen B, Gregersen I, Svardal A, Berge RK, Hansen SH, Götz A, Holm K, Aukrust P, Åkra S, Seljeflot I, Solheim S, Lorenzo A, Gullestad L, Trøseid M, Broch K. Rifaximin or Saccharomyces boulardii in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Results from the randomized GutHeart trial. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103511. [PMID: 34329947 PMCID: PMC8339250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota represents a potential treatment target in heart failure (HF) through microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and systemic inflammation. Treatment with the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii have been suggested to improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods In a multicentre, prospective randomized open label, blinded end-point trial, we randomized patients with LVEF <40% and New York Heart Association functional class II or III, despite optimal medical therapy, to treatment (1:1:1) with the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, the antibiotic rifaximin, or standard of care (SoC) only. The primary endpoint, the baseline-adjusted LVEF at three months, was assessed in an intention-to-treat analysis. Findings We enrolled a total of 151 patients. After three months’ treatment, the LVEF did not differ significantly between the SoC arm and the rifaximin arm (mean difference was -1•2 percentage points; 95% CI -3•2 - 0•7; p=0•22) or between the SoC arm and the Saccharomyces boulardii arm (mean difference -0•2 percentage points; 95% CI -2•2 - 1•9; p=0•87). We observed no significant between-group differences in changes in microbiota diversity, TMAO, or C-reactive protein. Interpretation Three months’ treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii or rifaximin on top of SoC had no significant effect on LVEF, microbiota diversity, or the measured biomarkers in our population with HF. Funding The trial was funded by the Norwegian Association for Public Health, the Blix foundation, Stein Erik Hagen's Foundation for Clinical Heart Research, Ada og Hagbart Waages humanitære og veldedige stiftelse, Alfasigma, and Biocodex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Awoyemi
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cristiane Mayerhofer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alex S Felix
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, 22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammation Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammation Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Samuel D Moscavitch
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Knut Tore Lappegård
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nordlandssykehuset, 8005 Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Hovland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nordlandssykehuset, 8005 Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Simen H Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammation Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammation Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Holm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammation Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Lorenzo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, 22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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Kroustallaki P, Lirussi L, Carracedo S, You P, Esbensen QY, Götz A, Jobert L, Alsøe L, Sætrom P, Gagos S, Nilsen H. SMUG1 Promotes Telomere Maintenance through Telomerase RNA Processing. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1690-1702.e10. [PMID: 31412240 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase biogenesis is a complex process where several steps remain poorly understood. Single-strand-selective uracil-DNA glycosylase (SMUG1) associates with the DKC1-containing H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex, which is essential for telomerase biogenesis. Herein, we show that SMUG1 interacts with the telomeric RNA component (hTERC) and is required for co-transcriptional processing of the nascent transcript into mature hTERC. We demonstrate that SMUG1 regulates the presence of base modifications in hTERC, in a region between the CR4/CR5 domain and the H box. Increased levels of hTERC base modifications are accompanied by reduced DKC1 binding. Loss of SMUG1 leads to an imbalance between mature hTERC and its processing intermediates, leading to the accumulation of 3'-polyadenylated and 3'-extended intermediates that are degraded in an EXOSC10-independent RNA degradation pathway. Consequently, SMUG1-deprived cells exhibit telomerase deficiency, leading to impaired bone marrow proliferation in Smug1-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Kroustallaki
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Lisa Lirussi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sergio Carracedo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Panpan You
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Q Ying Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Laure Jobert
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Alsøe
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Bioinformatics Core Facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarantis Gagos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
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Schmidt I, Götz A, Schröder E. Multi‐Line‐Massenspektrometrie zur Steuerung industrieller chemischer Prozesse am Beispiel der Online‐Fermenteranalytik. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Schmidt
- InProcess Instruments Gesellschaft für Prozessanalytik mbH Vertrieb Sophie-Germain-Str. 1 28201 Bremen Deutschland
| | - A. Götz
- InProcess Instruments Gesellschaft für Prozessanalytik mbH Vertrieb Sophie-Germain-Str. 1 28201 Bremen Deutschland
| | - E. Schröder
- InProcess Instruments Gesellschaft für Prozessanalytik mbH Vertrieb Sophie-Germain-Str. 1 28201 Bremen Deutschland
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8
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Falcón García C, Stangl F, Götz A, Zhao W, Sieber SA, Opitz M, Lieleg O. Topographical alterations render bacterial biofilms susceptible to chemical and mechanical stress. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:220-232. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with concentrated ethanol, saline or glucose solutions smoothens biofilm surface topography and initially superhydrophobic/omniphobic biofilms are rendered hydrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Falcón García
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Felix Stangl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Weining Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Chair for Organic Chemistry II
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Department of Chemistry
- Chair for Organic Chemistry II
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Madeleine Opitz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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9
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von Bronk B, Götz A, Opitz M. Locality of interactions in three-strain bacterial competition in E. coli. Phys Biol 2018; 16:016002. [PMID: 30376449 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aae671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The population dynamics that determine the composition and stability of ecosystems ultimately emerge from interactions between individual organisms. One well-studied system is the three-strain E. coli interaction of a heterogeneously toxin-producing C strain that interacts with a toxin-sensitive S and a toxin-resistant R strain. Here, we employ a multi-scale fluorescence microscopy approach, that has been proven useful in identifying previously unknown or underestimated stochastic effects in C-S competition. This approach allows us to investigate the microscopic interaction of the R strain and to quantify the role of stochastic effects in the spatially structured C-R-S interaction. We show that the early colony patterning at 12 h and at small length scales (near single cell level) is characterized by a number of microscopic variables (the number of C and R cell clusters and the area occupied by S) and is subject to random processes in positioning and toxin production. Then, in a second competition phase, mainly deterministic processes such as bacterial growth and global toxin action determine the following population dynamics. Consequently, together with environmental factors, the microscopic variables were predictive of the competition outcome. However, interactions of neighboring R and C clusters could amplify local variations. If R clusters originated near a C cell cluster, R could profit from the toxin produced by C without bearing the cost of production-a mechanism called cheating. By combining information from the micro- and macro-scale dynamics, we can estimate the distance at which the cheating interaction significantly changes to be in the order of 250 µm. In summary, after an initial phase influenced by stochastic patterning, largely deterministic growth dynamics follow, which are additionally affected by local interactions of neighboring clusters. As such, the results underline the importance of stochasticity and local effects in the context of ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt von Bronk
- Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
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10
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Svitlica O, Schmidt I, Götz A, Schröder E. Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Denitrifikation unter erhöhter Salzbelastung in Umkehrosmose-Entsalzungsanlagen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Svitlica
- Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz; Bürgermeister-Münchmeyer-Straße 6 27283 Verden Deutschland
| | - I. Schmidt
- InProcess Instruments GmbH; Sophie-Germain-Straße 1 28201 Bremen Deutschland
| | - A. Götz
- InProcess Instruments GmbH; Sophie-Germain-Straße 1 28201 Bremen Deutschland
| | - E. Schröder
- InProcess Instruments GmbH; Sophie-Germain-Straße 1 28201 Bremen Deutschland
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11
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Abstract
Complex biological systems offer a variety of interesting phenomena at the different physical scales. With increasing abstraction, details of the microscopic scales can often be extrapolated to average or typical macroscopic properties. However, emergent properties and cross-scale interactions can impede naïve abstractions and necessitate comprehensive investigations of these complex systems. In this review paper, we focus on microbial communities, and first, summarize a general hierarchy of relevant scales and description levels to understand these complex systems: (1) genetic networks, (2) single cells, (3) populations, and (4) emergent multi-cellular properties. Second, we employ two illustrating examples, microbial competition and biofilm formation, to elucidate how cross-scale interactions and emergent properties enrich the observed multi-cellular behavior in these systems. Finally, we conclude with pointing out the necessity of multi-scale investigations to understand complex biological systems and discuss recent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt von Bronk
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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12
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Kesel S, von Bronk B, Falcón García C, Götz A, Lieleg O, Opitz M. Matrix composition determines the dimensions of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilm colonies grown on LB agar. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05559e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolymeric substances secreted by biofilm formingBacillus subtilisNCIB 3610 bacteria influence the growth and final dimensions of these biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kesel
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Benedikt von Bronk
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Carolina Falcón García
- Institute of Medical Engineering IMETUM
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Institute of Medical Engineering IMETUM
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Madeleine Opitz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
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13
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Reichl M, Herzog M, Götz A, Braun D. Why charged molecules move across a temperature gradient: the role of electric fields. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:198101. [PMID: 24877967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.198101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Methods to move solvated molecules are rare. Apart from electric fields, only thermal gradients are effective enough to move molecules inside a fluid. This effect is termed thermophoresis, and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Nevertheless, it is successfully used to quantify biomolecule binding in complex liquids. Here we show experiments that reveal that thermophoresis in water is dominated by two electric fields, both established by the salt ions of the solution. A local field around the molecule drives molecules along an energy gradient, whereas a global field moves the molecules by a combined thermoelectrophoresis mechanism known as the Seebeck effect. Both mechanisms combined predict the thermophoresis of DNA and RNA polymers for a wide range of experimental parameters. For example, we correctly predict a complex, nonlinear size transition, a salt-species-dependent offset, a maximum of thermophoresis over temperature, and the dependence of thermophoresis on the molecule concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Reichl
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Mario Herzog
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dieter Braun
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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Götz A, Heiss P, Fellner C, Ried M, Schalke B, Hofmann HS, Stroszczynski C, Hamer OW. EKG-getriggerte CINE-Sequenzen zur Detektion einer frühen Umgebungsinfiltration durch Thymome. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Heiß P, Götz A, Brand M, Brodoefel H, Müller-Wille R, Hamer O, Stroszczynski C, Heiß P. Akute nekrotisierende Pankreatitis: Laborchemische, klinische und bildgebende Befunde als Prädiktoren des Verlaufes. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Götz A, Griesshaber E, Plath M, Schmahl W. Texture and nano-scale internal microstructure of otoliths in the Atlantic molly, Poecilia mexicana: A high-resolution EBSD study. Micron 2013; 51:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Götz A, Brand M, Hamer OW, Stroszczynski C, Heiss P. Akute nekrotisierende Pankreatitis: Computertomografische, klinische und laborchemische Befunde als Prädiktoren für die Infektion (peri-)pankreatischer Nekrosen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Heliö TM, Götz A, Rapola J, Kiuru-Enari S, Kivistö S, Heikinheimo T, Suomalainen A. Atrial fibrillation is poorly tolerated by patients with hypertrophic concentric cardiomyopathy caused by mitochondrial tRNALeu (UUR) mutations. Cardiogenetics 2013. [DOI: 10.4081/cardiogenetics.2013.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Carroll CJ, Isohanni P, Pöyhönen R, Euro L, Richter U, Brilhante V, Götz A, Lahtinen T, Paetau A, Pihko H, Battersby BJ, Tyynismaa H, Suomalainen A. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a mutation in the mitochondrial ribosome protein MRPL44 to underlie mitochondrial infantile cardiomyopathy. J Med Genet 2013; 50:151-9. [PMID: 23315540 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic complexity of infantile cardiomyopathies is remarkable, and the importance of mitochondrial translation defects as a causative factor is only starting to be recognised. We investigated the genetic basis for infantile onset recessive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two siblings. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis of respiratory chain enzymes revealed a combined deficiency of complexes I and IV in the heart and skeletal muscle. Exome sequencing uncovered a homozygous mutation (L156R) in MRPL44 of both siblings. MRPL44 encodes a protein in the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome and is suggested to locate in close proximity to the tunnel exit of the yeast mitochondrial ribosome. We found severely reduced MRPL44 levels in the patient's heart, skeletal muscle and fibroblasts suggesting that the missense mutation affected the protein stability. In patient fibroblasts, decreased MRPL44 affected assembly of the large ribosomal subunit and stability of 16S rRNA leading to complex IV deficiency. Despite this assembly defect, de novo mitochondrial translation was only mildly affected in fibroblasts suggesting that MRPL44 may have a function in the assembly/stability of nascent mitochondrial polypeptides exiting the ribosome. Retroviral expression of wild-type MRPL44 in patient fibroblasts rescued the large ribosome assembly defect and COX deficiency. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that mitochondrial ribosomal subunit defects can generate tissue-specific manifestations, such as cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Carroll
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, r.C523B, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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Elo JM, Yadavalli SS, Euro L, Isohanni P, Götz A, Carroll CJ, Valanne L, Alkuraya FS, Uusimaa J, Paetau A, Caruso EM, Pihko H, Ibba M, Tyynismaa H, Suomalainen A. Mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase mutations underlie fatal infantile Alpers encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4521-9. [PMID: 22833457 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has turned out to be a powerful tool to uncover genetic basis of childhood mitochondrial disorders. We utilized whole-exome analysis and discovered novel compound heterozygous mutations in FARS2 (mitochondrial phenylalanyl transfer RNA synthetase), encoding the mitochondrial phenylalanyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase (mtPheRS) in two patients with fatal epileptic mitochondrial encephalopathy. The mutations affected highly conserved amino acids, p.I329T and p.D391V. Recently, a homozygous FARS2 variant p.Y144C was reported in a Saudi girl with mitochondrial encephalopathy, but the pathogenic role of the variant remained open. Clinical features, including postnatal onset, catastrophic epilepsy, lactic acidemia, early lethality and neuroimaging findings of the patients with FARS2 variants, resembled each other closely, and neuropathology was consistent with Alpers syndrome. Our structural analysis of mtPheRS predicted that p.I329T weakened ATP binding in the aminoacylation domain, and in vitro studies with recombinant mutant protein showed decreased affinity of this variant to ATP. Furthermore, p.D391V and p.Y144C were predicted to disrupt synthetase function by interrupting the rotation of the tRNA anticodon stem-binding domain from a closed to an open form. In vitro characterization indicated reduced affinity of p.D391V mutant protein to phenylalanine, whereas p.Y144C disrupted tRNA binding. The stability of p.I329T and p.D391V mutants in a refolding assay was impaired. Our results imply that the three FARS2 mutations directly impair aminoacylation function and stability of mtPheRS, leading to a decrease in overall tRNA charging capacity. This study establishes a new genetic cause of infantile mitochondrial Alpers encephalopathy and reports a new mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase as a cause of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M Elo
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Götz A, Stroszczynski C, Müller-Wille R. Unklarer Exophthalmus. Radiologe 2012; 52:656-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-012-2320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Götz A, Isohanni P, Liljeström B, Rummukainen J, Nikolajev K, Herrgård E, Marjavaara S, Suomalainen A. Fatal neonatal lactic acidosis caused by a novel de novo mitochondrial G7453A tRNA-Serine ((UCN)) mutation. Pediatr Res 2012; 72:90-4. [PMID: 22453297 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are an important cause of childhood disorders, but the role of homoplasmic mtDNA mutations in severe neonatal manifestations is not well understood. METHODS The following were performed: full mtDNA sequencing for mutation detection, blue-native protein analysis of autopsy-derived tissues to detect respiratory chain (RC) deficiency, light and electron microscopy for morphologic analysis, and northern blot and computational modeling to study the effect of mtDNA mutations on transfer RNA (tRNA) stability. RESULTS We describe data from a patient with fatal neonatal lactic acidosis caused by a novel homoplasmic mutation at a highly conserved nucleotide G7453A within the tRNA(Ser (UCN)) in mtDNA. The patient's heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and liver showed severe combined complex I and IV (CI and CIV) deficiencies, accompanied by severe depletion of mature tRNA(Ser (UCN)). The mutation was absent in the patient's mother and in a placental sample from a subsequent pregnancy of the mother, suggesting a de novo mutation. DISCUSSION We conclude that the G7453A mutation of mtDNA manifests with exceptional severity as compared with other tRNA(Ser (UCN)) mutations, typically associated with sensorineural deafness. De novo homoplasmic mtDNA tRNA-mutations should be considered as a cause of fatal neonatal lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Götz
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Hoffstetter P, Schleder S, Jung EM, Götz A, Uller W, Müller-Wille R, Wiggermann P, Agha A, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. Konventionelle Abdomenübersichtsaufnahmen - welchen klinischen Nutzen hat die Aufnahme in Rückenlage. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Platz Batista da Silva N, Götz A, Gössmann H, Wiggermann P, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. Klinische Wertigkeit der radiologischen Darstellung des abführenden Schenkels vor Stomarückverlagerung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ahlqvist KJ, Hämäläinen RH, Yatsuga S, Uutela M, Terzioglu M, Götz A, Forsström S, Salven P, Angers-Loustau A, Kopra OH, Tyynismaa H, Larsson NG, Wartiovaara K, Prolla T, Trifunovic A, Suomalainen A. Somatic progenitor cell vulnerability to mitochondrial DNA mutagenesis underlies progeroid phenotypes in Polg mutator mice. Cell Metab 2012; 15:100-9. [PMID: 22225879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem cell (SSC) dysfunction is typical for different progeroid phenotypes in mice with genomic DNA repair defects. MtDNA mutagenesis in mice with defective Polg exonuclease activity also leads to progeroid symptoms, by an unknown mechanism. We found that Polg-Mutator mice had neural (NSC) and hematopoietic progenitor (HPC) dysfunction already from embryogenesis. NSC self-renewal was decreased in vitro, and quiescent NSC amounts were reduced in vivo. HPCs showed abnormal lineage differentiation leading to anemia and lymphopenia. N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment rescued both NSC and HPC abnormalities, suggesting that subtle ROS/redox changes, induced by mtDNA mutagenesis, modulate SSC function. Our results show that mtDNA mutagenesis affected SSC function early but manifested as respiratory chain deficiency in nondividing tissues in old age. Deletor mice, having mtDNA deletions in postmitotic cells and no progeria, had normal SSCs. We propose that SSC compartment is sensitive to mtDNA mutagenesis, and that mitochondrial dysfunction in SSCs can underlie progeroid manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati J Ahlqvist
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Hoffstetter P, Schleder S, Jung EM, Götz A, Uller W, Müller-Wille R, Wiggermann P, Agha A, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. [Plain abdominal radiograph - is there any additional clinical value based on the supine projection?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136:2589-93. [PMID: 22160951 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the diagnostic value of an additionally acquired plain abdominal radiograph in supine position. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experienced radiologists evaluated retrospectively 2148 consecutive patients having plain abdominal radiographs acquired in a tertiary care center. There were 1385 patients having an erect view and 763 patients with a left lateral decubitus view. All patients had a second examination in supine position. First the radiographs in erect or decubitus view were evaluated regarding the presence and details of pathological changes. After 4 weeks all radiographs including the supine view were evaluated again. Next to pathological changes the additional value of the supine projection was assessed. The results were compared and the additional diagnostic value using the supine view was noted. RESULTS We evaluated 2148 patients having a plain abdominal radiograph (1325 men, 823 women, mean 58.9 years, range 15-96 years). The average age within the group acquired with left decubitus view was 61.1 years, while patients having an erect view had a mean age of 57.0 years. For the first evaluation we found pathological changes in 10.5% (decubitus view: 13.1%, erect view 9.5%; p = 0.01). The most frequent diagnosis was ileus (7.7%) followed by abdominal free air (2.4%). The results were confirmed during the second reading in 99.2%. In 3.5% (decubitus view 5.8%, erect view 2.2%) more anatomical structures were depicted considering the supine projection and the decubitus/erect projections. The anatomical information was in no case relevant for the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Having the information of an supine view additionally to an decubitus/erect view increases the depiction of anatomical structures up to 5.8%. Nevertheless there was no additional diagnostic relevant information based on the supine view.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hoffstetter
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Bad Abbach.
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27
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Götz A, Tyynismaa H, Euro L, Ellonen P, Hyötyläinen T, Ojala T, Hämäläinen R, Tommiska J, Raivio T, Oresic M, Karikoski R, Tammela O, Simola K, Paetau A, Tyni T, Suomalainen A. Exome sequencing identifies mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase mutations in infantile mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88:635-42. [PMID: 21549344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile cardiomyopathies are devastating fatal disorders of the neonatal period or the first year of life. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common cause of this group of diseases, but the underlying gene defects have been characterized in only a minority of cases, because tissue specificity of the manifestation hampers functional cloning and the heterogeneity of causative factors hinders collection of informative family materials. We sequenced the exome of a patient who died at the age of 10 months of hypertrophic mitochondrial cardiomyopathy with combined cardiac respiratory chain complex I and IV deficiency. Rigorous data analysis allowed us to identify a homozygous missense mutation in AARS2, which we showed to encode the mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase (mtAlaRS). Two siblings from another family, both of whom died perinatally of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, had the same mutation, compound heterozygous with another missense mutation. Protein structure modeling of mtAlaRS suggested that one of the mutations affected a unique tRNA recognition site in the editing domain, leading to incorrect tRNA aminoacylation, whereas the second mutation severely disturbed the catalytic function, preventing tRNA aminoacylation. We show here that mutations in AARS2 cause perinatal or infantile cardiomyopathy with near-total combined mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in the heart. Our results indicate that exome sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying mutations in single patients and allows recognition of the genetic background in single-gene disorders of variable clinical manifestation and tissue-specific disease. Furthermore, we show that mitochondrial disorders extend to prenatal life and are an important cause of early infantile cardiac failure.
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Schmahl WW, Griesshaber E, Kelm K, Götz A, Mader W. Electron microscopy in biomineral research. Acta Crystallogr A 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767310098533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kaare M, Götz A, Ulander VM, Ariansen S, Kaaja R, Suomalainen A, Aittomäki K. Do mitochondrial mutations cause recurrent miscarriage? Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:295-300. [PMID: 19297417 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of recurrent miscarriage (RM) can be identified in approximately 50% of cases, whereas in others, unknown genetic factors are actively being sought. As mitochondrial functions, and therefore also the mitochondrial genome [mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)], have an important role in human development, through ATP production and participation in apoptosis, we aimed to study the role of mtDNA variations in RM. We screened 48 women with RM and 48 age-matched control women for heteroplasmic mitochondrial mutations using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, a sensitive method that can detect approximately 5% heteroplasmy. As a result, we detected a heteroplasmic mtDNA variation in 13 RM women (27%) and in 9 control women (19%). Seven synonymous and five non-synonymous changes were detected within coding regions. In addition, seven heteroplasmic variations were detected within the non-coding control region. We were also able to show the presence of the variations in eight placental samples from three heteroplasmic women. In three of these cases, the proportion of variant mtDNA was higher in the placenta compared with that in the mother. We conclude that our sensitive methodology revealed a higher frequency of samples with heteroplasmic variations than expected in women with both RM and controls. However, no apparent increased frequency of heteroplasmic mtDNA variations or amounts of aberrant mtDNA was detected in the RM group. In addition, none of the detected variations were previously known to be pathogenic and therefore they are an unlikely cause of miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milja Kaare
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Götz A, Isohanni P, Pihko H, Paetau A, Herva R, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Valanne L, Marjavaara S, Suomalainen A. Thymidine kinase 2 defects can cause multi-tissue mtDNA depletion syndrome. Brain 2008; 131:2841-50. [PMID: 18819985 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) is a severe recessively inherited disease of childhood. It manifests most often in infancy, is rapidly progressive and leads to early death. MDS is caused by an increasing number of nuclear genes leading to multisystemic or tissue-specific decrease in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) has been reported to cause a myopathic form of MDS. We report here the clinical, autopsy and molecular genetic findings of rapidly progressive fatal infantile mitochondrial syndrome. All of our seven patients had rapidly progressive myopathy/encephalomyopathy, leading to respiratory failure within the first 3 years of life, with high creatine kinase values and dystrophic changes in the muscle with cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibres. In addition, two patients also had terminal-phase seizures, one had epilepsia partialis continua and one had cortical laminar necrosis. We identified two different homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the TK2 gene in all the patients: c.739 C s -> T and c.898 C -> T, leading to p.R172W and p.R225W changes at conserved protein sites. R172W mutation led to myopathy or encephalomyopathy with the onset during the first months of life, and was associated with severe mtDNA depletion in the muscle, brain and liver. Homozygosity for R225W mutation manifested during the second year of life as a myopathy, and showed muscle-specific mtDNA depletion. Both mutations originated from single ancient founders, with Finnish origin and enrichment for the new R172W mutation, and possibly Scandinavian ancestral origin for the R225W. We conclude that TK2 mutations may manifest as infantile-onset fatal myopathy with dystrophic features, but should be considered also in infantile progressive encephalomyopathy with wide-spread mtDNA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Götz
- Research Programme of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pietiläinen KH, Naukkarinen J, Rissanen A, Saharinen J, Ellonen P, Keränen H, Suomalainen A, Götz A, Suortti T, Yki-Järvinen H, Orešič M, Kaprio J, Peltonen L. Global transcript profiles of fat in monozygotic twins discordant for BMI: pathways behind acquired obesity. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e51. [PMID: 18336063 PMCID: PMC2265758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquired component of complex traits is difficult to dissect in humans. Obesity represents such a trait, in which the metabolic and molecular consequences emerge from complex interactions of genes and environment. With the substantial morbidity associated with obesity, a deeper understanding of the concurrent metabolic changes is of considerable importance. The goal of this study was to investigate this important acquired component and expose obesity-induced changes in biological pathways in an identical genetic background. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used a special study design of "clonal controls," rare monozygotic twins discordant for obesity identified through a national registry of 2,453 young, healthy twin pairs. A total of 14 pairs were studied (eight male, six female; white), with a mean +/- standard deviation (SD) age 25.8 +/- 1.4 y and a body mass index (BMI) difference 5.2 +/- 1.8 kg/m(2). Sequence analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in subcutaneous fat and peripheral leukocytes revealed no aberrant heteroplasmy between the co-twins. However, mtDNA copy number was reduced by 47% in the obese co-twin's fat. In addition, novel pathway analyses of the adipose tissue transcription profiles exposed significant down-regulation of mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism (p < 0.0001). In line with this finding, serum levels of insulin secretion-enhancing BCAAs were increased in obese male co-twins (9% increase, p = 0.025). Lending clinical relevance to the findings, in both sexes the observed aberrations in mitochondrial amino acid metabolism pathways in fat correlated closely with liver fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia, early aberrations of acquired obesity in these healthy young adults. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize a substantial role of mitochondrial energy- and amino acid metabolism in obesity and development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Naukkarinen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Saharinen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Keränen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology and Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology and Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Suortti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Isohanni P, Götz A, Marjavaara S, Paetau A, Herva R, Suomalainen A, Pihko H. M.P.1.10 Mitochondrial myopathy caused by thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) mutation mimics congenital muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schmid-Ott G, Künsebeck HW, Jecht E, Shimshoni R, Lazaroff I, Schallmayer S, Calliess IT, Malewski P, Lamprecht F, Götz A. Stigmatization experience, coping and sense of coherence in vitiligo patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21:456-61. [PMID: 17373970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the extent of stigmatization experienced by vitiligo patients considering the visibility of the lesions. METHODS 363 vitiligo patients were assessed using the Experience with Skin Complaints (QES), Adjustment to Chronic Skin Disorders (ASC), and Sense of Coherence (SOC) questionnaires. Out of the total patients group two representative samples with 52 patients each were identified comparable for age, gender, and the duration of the skin disease, the first with visible and the second with invisible lesions. RESULTS Data indicate a significant negative correlation between the QES dimensions, except for 'Composure', and between coping scales with sense of coherence withstanding. The 'visible lesions' group scored higher compared to the 'invisible lesions' group on the two QES scales 'Self-Esteem' and 'Refusal', i.e., patients with visible lesions experienced a higher level of stigmatization. CONCLUSION This study provides new information which supports the notion that the stigmatization experience of vitiligo patients is psychologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmid-Ott
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Lam T, Götz A, Franceschini F, Hauser N. GumTree—a Java based GUI framework for beamline experiments. Journal of Neutron Research 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10238160600766336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Götz A, Kellner H. [Muscle weakness and Gottron's sign]. Z Rheumatol 2003; 62:178. [PMID: 12721706 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-003-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Götz
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität-Innenstadt, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Russow R, Kupka HJ, Götz A, Apelt B. A new approach to determining the content and 15N abundance of total dissolved nitrogen in aqueous samples: TOC analyser-QMS coupling. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2002; 38:215-225. [PMID: 12725425 DOI: 10.1080/10256010208033267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The standard method for determining the 15N abundance of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in aqueous samples (e.g., soil leachate, sewage, urine) is currently Kjeldahl digestion followed by steam distillation or diffusion to isolate the ammonium, and then 15N measurement using IRMS. However, this technique is both time-consuming and laborious. One way of overcoming these disadvantages could be to couple a TOC analyser to determine the TDN with a sufficient quadrupole MS to determine the 15N abundance. The high TOC analyser (Elementar Analysensysteme Hanau, Germany), which catalytically oxidises the sample's total nitrogen with a high, constant yield to nitrogen monoxide (NO), appeared particularly suitable. The quadrupole-MS ESD 100 (InProcess Instruments Bremen, Germany) proved to be a suitable mass spectrometer for the 15N determination of NO. This combination of instruments was found to provide a workable method in numerous measurements of standard and actual samples. The detection limit concerning the N amount required per analysis is 2 microg, corresponding to an N concentration of 0.7 mg/l in a maximum sample volume of 3ml. Depending on the N concentration, 15N abundances starting from 0.5 at.% can be measured with the required precision of better than 3% (simple standard deviation). For example, measuring the abundance of 0.5 at.% requires about 50 microg N, whereas for 1 at.% or more only about 5 microg N is needed per analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Russow
- UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Germany.
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Block M, Stange-Budumlu O, Mair H, Schütz A, Götz A. [Only for limited indications. Biventricular pacemaker improves severe heart failure]. MMW Fortschr Med 2001; 143:45-7. [PMID: 11481917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In patients with congestive heart disease in whom left ventricular dilatation is associated with severely disordered contraction due to delayed ventricular conduction, a new form of treatment not requiring drugs is currently becoming established--biventricular pacing. Via an implanted electrode, biventricular stimulation accelerates conduction in the left ventricle and resynchronizes its contraction. Patients being considered for such therapy must have stable stage III disease (NYHA classification) under optimal medication, and a left bundle branch block with a QRS of at least 150 ms. Definitive recommendations with regard to indications will be possible only when current randomized mortality studies have been concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Block
- Abt. für Kardiologie, Stiftsklinik Augustinum, München
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38
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Brötz D, Weller M, Küker W, Dichgans J, Götz A. Mechanische physiotherapeutische Diagnostik und Therapie bei Patienten mit lumbalen Bandscheibenvorfällen. Akt Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Stroke patients may exhibit the peculiar behavior of actively pushing away from the nonhemiparetic side, leading to lateral postural imbalance and a tendency to fall towards the paralyzed side. These patients use the nonparetic extremities to stem actively against attempts of passive correction towards upright orientation. This phenomenon has been called the "pusher syndrome". Recent findings disclose that the deficit leading to contraversive pushing is an altered perception of the body's orientation in relation to gravity. Pusher patients experience their body as upright when they are actually tilted to the nonhemiparetic side. In contrast, processing of visual and vestibular inputs for the determination of visual vertical was undisturbed. The results argue for a separate pathway in humans for sensing gravity apart from that for perception of the visual world. This second graviceptive system decisively contributes to our control of upright body posture. The present article describes this still largely unknown neurological disease. The clinical examination of contraversive pushing, its underlying disturbance, lesion location, and approaches for therapy are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Karnath
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Abteilungen Kognitive und Allgemeine Neurologie, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen.
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Smalla K, Heuer H, Götz A, Niemeyer D, Krögerrecklenfort E, Tietze E. Exogenous isolation of antibiotic resistance plasmids from piggery manure slurries reveals a high prevalence and diversity of IncQ-like plasmids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4854-62. [PMID: 11055935 PMCID: PMC92391 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.11.4854-4862.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2000] [Accepted: 08/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance plasmids were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with piggery manure bacteria as plasmid donors in Escherichia coli CV601 and Pseudomonas putida UWC1 recipients. Surprisingly, IncQ-like plasmids were detected by dot blot hybridization with an IncQ oriV probe in several P. putida UWC1 transconjugants. The capture of IncQ-like plasmids in biparental matings indicates not only their high prevalence in manure slurries but also the presence of efficiently mobilizing plasmids. In order to elucidate unusual hybridization data (weak or no hybridization with IncQ repB or IncQ oriT probes) four IncQ-like plasmids (pIE1107, pIE1115, pIE1120, and pIE1130), each representing a different EcoRV restriction pattern, were selected for a more thorough plasmid characterization after transfer into E. coli K-12 strain DH5alpha by transformation. The characterization of the IncQ-like plasmids revealed an astonishingly high diversity with regard to phenotypic and genotypic properties. Four different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were found to be conferred by the IncQ-like plasmids. The plasmids could be mobilized by the RP4 derivative pTH10 into Acinetobacter sp., Ralstonia eutropha, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and P. putida, but they showed diverse patterns of stability under nonselective growth conditions in different host backgrounds. Incompatibility testing and PCR analysis clearly revealed at least two different types of IncQ-like plasmids. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different manure samples and other environments indicated the prevalence of both types of IncQ plasmids in manure, sewage, and farm soil. These findings suggest that IncQ plasmids play an important role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smalla
- Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Pflanzenvirologie, Mikrobiologie und biologische Sicherheit, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exists in two bioactive forms, the membrane integrated form and the proteolytically derived soluble cytokine. Both forms of TNF are involved in a variety of different physiological and pathophysiological situations. Here we analyzed different human and mouse TNF-specific reagents for their ability to determine the expression of membrane-expressed TNF. The data prove some antibodies to be very useful for the analysis of transmembrane TNF expression because these antibodies distinguish between the transmembrane form of TNF and soluble TNF bound to cellular TNF receptors. In addition, we found that recombinant human TNF receptor fusion proteins are advantageous tools to analyze both human and mouse transmembrane TNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerspach
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Oetzel C, Jonuleit T, Götz A, van der Kuip H, Michels H, Duyster J, Hallek M, Aulitzky WE. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor CGP 57148 (ST1 571) induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL-positive cells by down-regulating BCL-X. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:1958-68. [PMID: 10815921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
CGP 57148 is a potent inhibitor of the ABL protein tyrosine kinase and a promising new compound for the treatment of a variety of BCR-ABL-positive leukemias. We used this enzyme inhibitor to characterize the biological effects of BCR-ABL in primary cells and two growth factor-dependent BCR-ABL-transfected cell lines. The effect of CGP 57148 on primary cells is dependent on the stage of differentiation. The growth of maturing chronic myeloid leukemia cells is independent of BCR-ABL in the presence of growth factors. However, the proliferation of leukemic immature cobblestone-forming area cells is almost completely blocked after the inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase. In the BCR-ABL-transfected cell lines, M07/ p210 and Ba/F3/p185, CGP 57148 induces apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c, activating caspase 3, and cleavage of PARP. No alteration of the expression level of the apoptosis regulator BCL-2 was observed. In contrast, BCL-X was down-regulated after exposure to CGP 57148. Inhibitors of signal transduction proteins such as PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, and Janus-activated kinase 2 pathways were not capable of a comparable down-regulation of BCL-X. The Fas/Fas ligand system was not involved either in the induction of apoptosis by CGP 57148. We conclude that the inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase by CGP 57148 (a) preferentially inhibits the growth of immature leukemic precursor cells, (b) efficiently reverts the antiapoptotic effects of BCR-ABL by down-regulation of BCL-X, and (c) is more effective than the inhibition of the downstream signal transduction pathways of PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, and Janus-activated kinase 2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/drug effects
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Count/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chromones/pharmacology
- Cytochrome c Group/drug effects
- Cytochrome c Group/metabolism
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
- bcl-X Protein
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oetzel
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine for Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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Orsó E, Broccardo C, Kaminski WE, Böttcher A, Liebisch G, Drobnik W, Götz A, Chambenoit O, Diederich W, Langmann T, Spruss T, Luciani MF, Rothe G, Lackner KJ, Chimini G, Schmitz G. Transport of lipids from golgi to plasma membrane is defective in tangier disease patients and Abc1-deficient mice. Nat Genet 2000; 24:192-6. [PMID: 10655069 DOI: 10.1038/72869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 ( ABC1) have been reported in Tangier disease (TD), an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by almost complete absence of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), deposition of cholesteryl esters in the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) and aberrant cellular lipid trafficking. We demonstrate here that mice with a targeted inactivation of Abc1 display morphologic abnormalities and perturbations in their lipoprotein metabolism concordant with TD. ABC1 is expressed on the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex, mediates apo-AI associated export of cholesterol and phospholipids from the cell, and is regulated by cholesterol flux. Structural and functional abnormalities in caveolar processing and the trans-Golgi secretory pathway of cells lacking functional ABC1 indicate that lipid export processes involving vesicular budding between the Golgi and the plasma membrane are severely disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Orsó
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Gödje O, Lamm P, Adelhard K, Schütz A, Kilger E, Götz A, Lange T, Mair H, Reichart B. Surgical versus medical care for postoperative cardiac surgical patients at the general ward. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 16:222-7. [PMID: 10485425 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(99)00203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To shorten hospital stay after cardiac surgery, several risk factors have been defined to identify patients who can be discharged early. These risk factors are dependant on the patient; no studies exist on the influence of the treating physician himself on postoperative patient stay. METHODS In a university affiliated cardiac surgical clinic we investigated patients who were postoperatively treated either on medical wards with no cardiac surgeon's presence or on a cardiac surgical ward; at both types of wards physicians had several years experience with cardiac surgical patients. Taking several risk factors for postoperative morbidity into account, postoperative length of stay and incidence of wound healing complications have been compared. RESULTS Within a 3-month period, 84 patients were treated at the cardiac surgical ward, 102 patients at the medical wards. Risk factors for postoperative morbidity were present in 87% of patients, statistically independent of postoperative wards. Although demographic data and median ICU-stay of both patient groups was comparable, the median post-ICU stay was 9 days at the surgical and 13 days at the medical wards (P < 0.0001). Incidence of wound healing complication was higher (19.6%) at the medical wards than at the surgical ward (10.7%), without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION As patients at the respective wards were statistically not different, the difference in post-ICU stay, infection and costs must depend on the treating physicians. As a consequence, postoperative care for cardiac surgical patients in all cases should include direct cardiac surgical participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gödje
- Department of Cardiac Surgery of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich at Augustinum, Germany.
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Abstract
Porokeratos of Mibelli is a rare inherited disorder of epidermal keratinization, whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. The common clinical feature is a erythematous plaque surrounded by a hyperkeratotic border. The histopathologic hallmark is a parakeratotic cornoid lamella. An unusual case of porokeratosis gigantea, a morphological variant of classical porokeratosis of Mibelli, is reported. The pathogenesis, taking in account especially the clonal hypothesis and premalignant nature of porokeratosis, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Götz
- Dermatologische Universitätsklinik Regensburg
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Götz A, Pukall R, Smit E, Tietze E, Prager R, Tschäpe H, van Elsas JD, Smalla K. Detection and characterization of broad-host-range plasmids in environmental bacteria by PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:2621-8. [PMID: 8779598 PMCID: PMC168041 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.7.2621-2628.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primer systems for PCR amplification of different replicon-specific DNA regions were designed on the basis of published sequences for plasmids belonging to the incompatibility (Inc) groups IncP, IncN, IncW, and IncQ. The specificities of these primer systems for the respective Inc groups were tested with a collection of reference plasmids belonging to 21 different Inc groups. Almost all primer systems were found to be highly specific for the reference plasmid for which they were designed. In addition, the primers were tested with plasmids which had previously been grouped by traditional incompatibility testing to the IncN, IncW, IncP, or IncQ group. All IncQ plasmids gave PCR products with the IncQ primer systems tested. However, PCR products were obtained for only some of the IncN, IncP, and IncW group plasmids. Dot blot and Southern blot analyses of the plasmids revealed that PCR-negative plasmids also failed to hybridize with probes derived from the reference plasmids. The results indicated that plasmids assigned to the same Inc group by traditional methods might be partially or completely different from their respective reference plasmids at the DNA level. With a few exceptions, all plasmids related to the reference plasmid at the DNA level also reacted with the primer systems tested. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different soil and manure slurry samples revealed the prevalence of IncQ- and IncP-specific sequences in several of these samples. In contrast, IncN- and IncW-specific sequences were detected mainly in DNA obtained from manure slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Götz
- Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig, Germany
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Stolz W, Götz A, Thomas P, Ruzicka T, Süss R, Landthaler M, Mahnel H, Czerny CP. Characteristic but unfamiliar--the cowpox infection, transmitted by a domestic cat. Dermatology 1996; 193:140-3. [PMID: 8884153 DOI: 10.1159/000246231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old girl had been suffering from 2 recently developed reddish ulcerated nodules on the right side of her neck and, concomitantly, from a very hard swelling as well as from painless lymphadenopathy. Subsequently, thick black eschars appeared on the surface of the ulcers. Using the negative staining technique, an orthopox virus infection could be identified by electron microscopy. The patient's characteristic history as well as her close contact with a cat frequently hunting nice indicated the diagnosis of a cowpox infection, which was unequivocally confirmed by identification of both the viral culture and specific antibodies in the serum of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stolz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- A Götz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Lamberty A, Lapitajs G, Van Nevel L, Götz A, Moody JR, Erdmann DE, De Bievre P. The IRMM--International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP). IMEP-3--trace elements in synthetic and natural water. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994; 43-45:571-83. [PMID: 7710875 DOI: 10.1007/bf02917360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the IRMM--International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) is to test out a possible realization of international measurement comparability for field laboratories through traceability of their measurements to the SI Unit for amount of substance: the mole. In IMEP-3, 10 different trace elements, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Pb, Rb, and Zn, were determined in a synthetic and a natural water by participating laboratories using their routine methods and graphically compared (in coded form) to certified values, established by IRMM and NIST using an isotope-specific method (Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry, Neutron Activation Analysis). The number of participants was 70; 64 laboratories have reported results. The results show a spread of more than 50% asymmetrically around the certified value. The Youden graphs allow evaluation of the overall performance of the laboratories in the IMEP-3 round.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lamberty
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Geel, Belgium
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Götz A, Weissenbacher ER, Walker S, Wachter I, Schulze K, Vogel S. Untersuchungen zur Morbidität von Harnwegsinfektionen. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02266136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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