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Martínez-Sánchez R, Molina-García Á, Ramallo-González AP, Sánchez-Valverde J, Úbeda-Miñarro B. A Low-Cost Hardware Architecture for EV Battery Cell Characterization Using an IoT-Based Platform. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23020816. [PMID: 36679611 PMCID: PMC9860603 DOI: 10.3390/s23020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since 1997, when the first hybrid vehicle was launched on the market, until today, the number of NIMH batteries that have been discarded due to their obsolescence has not stopped increasing, with an even faster rate more recently due to the progressive disappearance of thermal vehicles on the market. The battery technologies used are mostly NIMH for hybrid vehicles and Li ion for pure electric vehicles, making recycling difficult due to the hazardous materials they contain. For this reason, and with the aim of extending the life of the batteries, even including a second life within electric vehicle applications, this paper describes and evaluates a low-cost system to characterize individual cells of commercial electric vehicle batteries by identifying such abnormally performing cells that are out of use, minimizing regeneration costs in a more sustainable manner. A platform based on the IoT technology is developed, allowing the automation of charging and discharging cycles of each independent cell according to some parameters given by the user, and monitoring the real-time data of such battery cells. A case study based on a commercial Toyota Prius battery is also included in the paper. The results show the suitability of the proposed solution as an alternative way to characterize individual cells for subsequent electric vehicle applications, decreasing operating costs and providing an autonomous, flexible, and reliable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Automatics, Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ángel Molina-García
- Department of Automatics, Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Alfonso P. Ramallo-González
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Computer Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Valverde
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Computer Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Benito Úbeda-Miñarro
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Computer Science Faculty, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ramallo-González AP, González-Vidal A, Skarmeta AF. CIoTVID: Towards an Open IoT-Platform for Infective Pandemic Diseases such as COVID-19. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:E484. [PMID: 33445499 PMCID: PMC7827168 DOI: 10.3390/s21020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The factors affecting the penetration of certain diseases such as COVID-19 in society are still unknown. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can play a crucial role during the time of crisis and they can provide a more holistic view of the reasons that govern the outbreak of a contagious disease. The understanding of COVID-19 will be enriched by the analysis of data related to the phenomena, and this data can be collected using IoT sensors. In this paper, we show an integrated solution based on IoT technologies that can serve as opportunistic health data acquisition agents for combating the pandemic of COVID-19, named CIoTVID. The platform is composed of four layers-data acquisition, data aggregation, machine intelligence and services, within the solution. To demonstrate its validity, the solution has been tested with a use case based on creating a classifier of medical conditions using real data of voice, performing successfully. The layer of data aggregation is particularly relevant in this kind of solution as the data coming from medical devices has a very different nature to that coming from electronic sensors. Due to the adaptability of the platform to heterogeneous data and volumes of data; individuals, policymakers, and clinics could benefit from it to fight the propagation of the pandemic.
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Trakadas P, Simoens P, Gkonis P, Sarakis L, Angelopoulos A, Ramallo-González AP, Skarmeta A, Trochoutsos C, Calvο D, Pariente T, Chintamani K, Fernandez I, Irigaray AA, Parreira JX, Petrali P, Leligou N, Karkazis P. An Artificial Intelligence-Based Collaboration Approach in Industrial IoT Manufacturing: Key Concepts, Architectural Extensions and Potential Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20195480. [PMID: 32987911 PMCID: PMC7583943 DOI: 10.3390/s20195480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The digitization of manufacturing industry has led to leaner and more efficient production, under the Industry 4.0 concept. Nowadays, datasets collected from shop floor assets and information technology (IT) systems are used in data-driven analytics efforts to support more informed business intelligence decisions. However, these results are currently only used in isolated and dispersed parts of the production process. At the same time, full integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in all parts of manufacturing systems is currently lacking. In this context, the goal of this manuscript is to present a more holistic integration of AI by promoting collaboration. To this end, collaboration is understood as a multi-dimensional conceptual term that covers all important enablers for AI adoption in manufacturing contexts and is promoted in terms of business intelligence optimization, human-in-the-loop and secure federation across manufacturing sites. To address these challenges, the proposed architectural approach builds on three technical pillars: (1) components that extend the functionality of the existing layers in the Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0; (2) definition of new layers for collaboration by means of human-in-the-loop and federation; (3) security concerns with AI-powered mechanisms. In addition, system implementation aspects are discussed and potential applications in industrial environments, as well as business impacts, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Trakadas
- General Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sterea Ellada, 34400 Dirfies Messapies, Greece; (P.T.); (L.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Pieter Simoens
- Department of Information Technology/Internet Technology and Data Science Lab, Ghent University-Imec, Technologiepark 126, B-9052 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Panagiotis Gkonis
- General Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sterea Ellada, 34400 Dirfies Messapies, Greece; (P.T.); (L.S.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lambros Sarakis
- General Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sterea Ellada, 34400 Dirfies Messapies, Greece; (P.T.); (L.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Angelos Angelopoulos
- General Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sterea Ellada, 34400 Dirfies Messapies, Greece; (P.T.); (L.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Alfonso P. Ramallo-González
- Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | | | | | - Daniel Calvο
- Atos Spain S.A., Research and Innovation Department, Albarracín 25, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomas Pariente
- Atos Spain S.A., Research and Innovation Department, Albarracín 25, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (T.P.)
| | | | - Izaskun Fernandez
- TEKNIKER, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain; (I.F.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Aitor Arnaiz Irigaray
- TEKNIKER, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain; (I.F.); (A.A.I.)
| | | | | | - Nelly Leligou
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Karkazis
- Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
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Tomat V, Ramallo-González AP, Skarmeta Gómez AF. A Comprehensive Survey about Thermal Comfort under the IoT Paradigm: Is Crowdsensing the New Horizon? Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4647. [PMID: 32824790 PMCID: PMC7472355 DOI: 10.3390/s20164647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of technologies under the paradigm 4.0 applied to the study of the thermal comfort and, implicitly, energy efficiency. The research is based on the analysis of the Internet of Things (IoT) literature, presenting a comparison among several approaches adopted. The central objective of the research is to outline the path that has been taken throughout the last decade towards a people-centric approach, discussing how users switched from being passive receivers of IoT services to being an active part of it. Basing on existing studies, authors performed what was a necessary and unprecedented grouping of the IoT applications to the thermal comfort into three categories: the thermal comfort studies with IoT hardware, in which the approach focuses on physical devices, the mimicking of IoT sensors and comfort using Building Simulation Models, based on the dynamic modelling of the thermal comfort through IoT systems, and Crowdsensing, a new concept in which people can express their sensation proactively using IoT devices. Analysing the trends of the three categories, the results showed that Crowdsensing has a promising future in the investigation through the IoT, although some technical steps forward are needed to achieve a satisfactory application to the thermal comfort matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tomat
- Faculty of Computer Science, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.P.R.-G.); (A.F.S.G.)
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Carmona-Isunza MC, Ancona S, Székely T, Ramallo-González AP, Cruz-López M, Serrano-Meneses MA, Küpper C. Adult sex ratio and operational sex ratio exhibit different temporal dynamics in the wild. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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