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Biswas B, Adhikari S, Jahromi H, Ammar M, Baltrusaitis J, Torbert A, Linhoss J, Lamba J. Magnesium doped biochar for simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and nitrogen ions from aqueous solution. Chemosphere 2024; 358:142130. [PMID: 38685320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and Ammonium Nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients for plants and environmental stability. However, their excess in water causes eutrophication, damaging aquatic ecosystems. While adsorption is a promising solution, finding affordable and efficient adsorbents remains a challenge. In this study, magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and Mg/Fe doped biochars (BC) adsorbents were synthesized, and evaluated for adsorption of individual P and N and a P + N mixture from a solution and wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant. Compared to other adsorbents, Mg/BC showed excellent performance in adsorbing phosphorus (P) and ammonium nitrogen (N) from aqueous solutions. It demonstrated a large adsorption capacity of 64.65 mg/g and 62.50 mg/g from individual P and N solutions, and 30.3 mg/g and 27.67 mg/g from the P and N mixture solution, respectively. In addition, Mg/BC efficiently removed P and N from real-life wastewater. In the real wastewater, P and N removal efficiencies reached 88.30% and 59.36%, respectively. Kinetics analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order model accurately described the adsorption of phosphorus (P) and ammonium nitrogen (N) in all solutions. The adsorbent followed the monolayer-Langmuir isotherm for N ions and the multilayer-Freundlich isotherm for P, indicating efficient adsorption processes. Thermodynamic experiments indicated that the adsorption of P and N was not only feasible but also occurred spontaneously in a natural manner. This study revealed that the strategic modification of biochar plays a crucial role in advancing effective wastewater treatment technologies designed for nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, 519 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, 519 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Hossein Jahromi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, 519 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mohamed Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Allen Torbert
- National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - John Linhoss
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jasmeet Lamba
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Biswas B, Rahman T, Sakhakarmy M, Jahromi H, Eisa M, Baltrusaitis J, Lamba J, Torbert A, Adhikari S. Phosphorus adsorption using chemical and metal chloride activated biochars: Isotherms, kinetics and mechanism study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19830. [PMID: 37810020 PMCID: PMC10559209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient treatment of nutrient-rich wastewater is of paramount importance for protecting the ecosystem. In this work, an efficient, abundant, and eco-friendly adsorbent was derived from biochar and employed for phosphorus (P) adsorption. The key factors influencing the P removal efficiency of the activated biochar, including P concentration, pH, dosage, temperature, adsorption time, and influence of co-existing ion type, were investigated. Maximum P adsorption percentage (100%) was obtained with 10 mg/L and zinc chloride activated biochar (BC-Zn) compared to the other activated biochars. Results show that by increasing the P concentration from 5 to 200 mg/L, the phosphorus adsorption capacity increases from 0.13 to 10.4 mg/g biochar. Isotherms and kinetic studies further show that the P adsorption follows the Langmuir and quasi-second-order kinetic models. The mechanistic investigation demonstrated that P adsorption occurred by precipitation reaction. Furthermore, P desorption has been studied at different time intervals to understand the P release rate after adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, 519 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tawsif Rahman
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manish Sakhakarmy
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hossein Jahromi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, 519 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohamed Eisa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, USA
| | - Jasmeet Lamba
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Allen Torbert
- National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Biosystems Engineering Department, 200 Corley Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, 519 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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