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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation engraftment after budesonide or placebo in patients with active ulcerative colitis using pre-selected donors: a randomized pilot study. J Crohns Colitis 2024:jjae043. [PMID: 38572716 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows some efficacy in treating patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), although variability has been observed among donors and treatment regimens. We investigated the effect of FMT using rationally selected donors after pretreatment with budesonide or placebo in active UC. METHODS Patients ≥ 18 years old with mild to moderate active UC were randomly assigned to three weeks budesonide (9 mg) or placebo followed by four weekly infusions of a donor feces suspension. Two donors were selected based on microbiota composition, Treg induction and SCFA production in mice. The primary endpoint was engraftment of donor microbiota after FMT. In addition, clinical efficacy was assessed. RESULTS In total, 24 patients were enrolled. Pretreatment with budesonide did not increase donor microbiota engraftment (p=0.56) nor clinical response, and engraftment was not associated with clinical response. At week 14, 10/24 (42%) of patients achieved (partial) remission. Remarkably, patients treated with FMT suspensions from one donor were associated with clinical response (80% of responders, p<0.05) but had lower overall engraftment of donor microbiota. Furthermore, differences in the taxonomic composition of the donors and the engraftment of certain taxa were associated with clinical response. CONCLUSION In this small study, pretreatment with budesonide did not significantly influence engraftment or clinical response after FMT. However, clinical response appeared donor-dependent. Response to FMT may be related to transfer of specific strains instead of overall engraftment, demonstrating the need to characterize mechanisms of actions of strains that maximize therapeutic benefit in ulcerative colitis.
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Postpartum care: Discussions and counseling for the peripartum period. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:657-664. [PMID: 38043027 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, postpartum care is confined to inpatient care immediately post birth and one appointment approximately six weeks postpartum. Data supports a continuum of care model as best for the health of mother and baby. Despite most women having significant concerns about the postpartum period, these concerns are frequently incompletely addressed by providers. We surveyed prenatal and postpartum patients to understand their concerns and experiences discussing postpartum care with providers. METHODS Cross sectional surveys were administered between June 2019 and May 2021. Principal component analysis was used to show higher than average (positive) or lower than average (negative) conversations with providers about postpartum care examined by race, education, and parity. Chi squared tests were conducted to examine the significance of specific postpartum concerns. RESULTS 421/450 patient surveys were analyzed, based on completion. Most patients were White (193), had post graduate degrees (188), privately insured (236), married (248), first time pregnant (152), and used doctors as their primary provider (267). Patients with lower education, higher parity and Black patients without postgraduate degrees reported higher than average postpartum counseling. Additionally, most patients expressed significant concerns about postpartum exhaustion (65.8%), breastfeeding (62.3%), pain (61.2%), physical activity (54.9%) and the baby blues (50.4%). CONCLUSIONS Postpartum concerns are incompletely and inconsistently addressed amongst patients based on race, parity, and education. A continuum of care approach, beginning in the third trimester, through the postpartum period, may provide better counseling to address all patients' concerns.
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489 Cystic fibrosis airway metabolites contribute to persistent pulmonary infection. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Post-Operative Hypothyroidism Predicts Fistula Development Following Salvage Oropharyngectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Practices of sickle cell disease genetic screening and testing in the prenatal population. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 15:745-751. [PMID: 35811546 DOI: 10.3233/npm-221016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic screening and testing are technologies historically underutilized in Black populations despite predicting diseases like sickle cell disease (SCD), which is predominantly found in Blacks. We surveyed prenatal patients to understand choices, beliefs and experiences surrounding genetic screening and testing, specifically for SCD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 322 women during prenatal visits. Responses were analyzed to identify barriers to care and education about testing and screening for SCD. Patients rated whether they agreed or disagreed with statements regarding sickle cell health behaviors. We used χ2 tests to compare categorical variables by self-reported race. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios and confidence intervals for each outcome. RESULTS Women were a mean (SD) age of 33.3 (6.1). 42.9% of patients self-identified as White while 41.3% of patients self- identified as Black. Screening questions were adjusted for differences in race, insurance, and education levels to show significant differences in responses between Blacks and Whites for screening for SCD (p = 0.047, OR 95% CI = 0.455 [0.210-0.989]) and plans to meet with genetic counselors (p = 0.049, OR 95% CI = 0.299 [0.090-0.993]). The statements "if sickle cell is not in their family, then it is likely not in themselves or their children," was significantly different between Black and White populations (p = 0.011, OR 95% CI = 0.207 [0.081-0.526]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest gaps in screening, testing, education, and pregnancy management choices between Black and White patients. Research should focus on decreasing these healthcare gaps and improving education that address concerns about SCD for relevant populations.
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Intraamniotic LPS, IL-1β or U.parvum injection is uniquely associated with altered intrauterine microbiome in primates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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420: Extracellular polysaccharides are metabolo-stimulatory ligands that favor Pseudomonas aeruginosa iron scavenging. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sun-dried Azolla leaf meal at 10% dietary inclusion improved growth, meat quality, and increased skeletal muscle Ribosomal protein S6 kinase β1 abundance in growing rabbit. Animal 2021; 15:100348. [PMID: 34543996 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly growing human populations and the increased need for high nutritive value meat in terms of low fat, high protein, and low sodium content are the driving reasons for the increase in rabbit meat production. However, dietary protein alternatives to sustain rabbit meat production, without competing with humans for strategic crops are needed. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azolla leaf meal (ALM) as a dietary protein source on growth performance, meat quality, and abundance and activation of Ribosomal protein S6 kinase β1 (p70S6K1), a downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway and, thus, a key player in the regulation of protein synthesis and muscle mass. For this purpose, 60 weaned male V-Line rabbits were blocked for the initial BW and randomly allotted into four dietary treatments, with 15 replicate per treatment (n = 15/group) as follows: (1) CON group was fed on basal diet contains 0% of ALM, (2) AZ10 group fed on diet containing 10% ALM, (3) AZ20 group fed on diet containing 20% ALM, and (4) AZ30 group fed on diet containing 30% ALM. Rabbits were raised individually, and the experimental period was 42 days. At the end of the experiment, rabbits were euthanised and blood and skeletal muscle samples were collected. Body weight and BW gain were the highest in AZ10 group (P = 0.01), while feed intake was the highest in AZ30 (P = 0.01), feed conversion ratio was the lowest in AZ10 and highest in AZ30 (P = 0.01). Dressing % was the highest in AZ10 and lowest in AZ30 groups (P = 0.01). Muscle cross-sectional area was low in both AZ20 and AZ30 groups compared to CON (P = 0.01). The lysine concentration of Longissimus lumborum muscle increased (P = 0.03) while isoleucine tended to decrease in AZ10 vs CON (P = 0.09). The phosphorylation ratio of skeletal muscle p70S6K1 increased in AZ10 and AZ20 groups (P = 0.05). Therefore, ALM could be included in a growing rabbit diet, up to 10%, while higher doses negatively alter production performance, meat quality, and feed efficiency of growing rabbits.
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1099 LPS, IL-1β or U.parvum-induced chorioamnionitis in primates alters inflammation and the resident microbiome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The human microbiota includes the trillions of microorganisms living in the human body whereas the human microbiome includes the genes and gene products of this microbiota. Bacteria were historically largely considered to be pathogens that inevitably led to human disease. However, because of advances in both cultivation-based methods and the advent of metagenomics, bacteria are now recognized to be largely beneficial commensal organisms and thus, key to normal and healthy human development. This relatively new area of medical research has elucidated insights into diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, as well as metabolic and atopic disorders. However, much remains unknown about the complexity of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. Future efforts aimed at answering key questions pertaining to the early establishment of the microbiome, alongside what defines its dysbiosis, will likely lead to long-term health and mitigation of disease. Here, we review the relevant literature pertaining to modulations in the perinatal and neonatal microbiome, the impact of environmental and maternal factors in shaping the neonatal microbiome, and future questions and directions in the exciting emerging arena of metagenomic medicine.
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695: Maternal microbial conventionalization alters type I interferon signaling in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Utilizing the Radiosensitivity Index (RSI) to Predict Pelvic Failure in Endometrial Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Epidemiological studies on Johne’s disease in ruminants and Crohn’s disease in humans in Egypt. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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The effectiveness and patient acceptability of dietitian-led group education in the dietary and lifestyle management of gestational diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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999: A distinct cervicovaginal microbiome dysbiosis precedes adverse reproductive outcomes in a primate model of PCOS. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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636: Autophagy and ZIKV replication co-occur in only some human and primate placental cells: therapeutic implications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reduction of Prolonged Excessive Pressure in Seated Persons With Paraplegia Using Wireless Lingual Tactile Feedback: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2018; 6:2100611. [PMID: 29984117 PMCID: PMC6033051 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2018.2842746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PU) are known to be a high-cost disease with a risk of severe morbidity. This paper evaluates a new clinical strategy based on an innovative medical device [Tongue Display Unit (TDU)] that implements perceptive supplementation in order to reduce prolonged excessive pressure, recognized as one of the main causes of PU. A randomized, controlled, and parallel-group trial was carried out with 12 subjects with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Subjects were assigned to the control (without TDU, [Formula: see text]) or intervention (with TDU, [Formula: see text]) group. Each subject took part in two sessions, during which the subject, seated on a pressure map sensor, watched a movie for one hour. The TDU was activated during the second session of the intervention group. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the improvement in adequate weight shifting between the two sessions was higher in the intervention group (0.84 [0.24; 0.89]) than in the control group (0.01 [-0.01; 0.09]; [Formula: see text]) and that the ratio of prolonged excessive pressure between the two sessions was lower in the intervention group (0.74 [0.37; 1.92]) than in the control group (1.72 [1.32; 2.56]; [Formula: see text]). The pressure map sensor was evaluated as being convenient for use in daily life; however, this was not the case for the TDU. This paper shows that persons with SCI could benefit from a system based on perceptive supplementation that alerts and guides the user on how to adapt their posture in order to reduce prolonged excessive pressure, one of the main causes of PU.
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Maturation of cord blood natural killer (NK) cells differs among neonates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.103.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The source, timing of colonization, and stability of the neonatal microbiome is largely unknown. We and other groups recently demonstrated that infant colonization may begin in utero, challenging the notion that neonates are born sterile. However, neonates are particularly vulnerable to viral infection partially due to dampened responses from NK cells and delayed maturation of adaptive immunity. Given the degree of variability in neonatal vulnerability to infection, we hypothesized that intrauterine exposure to microbes enables a greater diversity of NK cells in the neonates, relative to the adult, to allow for immune tolerance. Here, we performed multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses to dissect the normal range and expression of human NK cell developmental markers from umbilical cord (UC) blood (n=37). NK cells were identified as CD45+ CD3− CD56+ using FlowJo X and Cytobank. UC blood had a lower frequency of mature NK cells than adult peripheral blood. Furthermore, examination of NK cell maturation via spanning analysis of density events (SPADE) highlighted inter-individual diversity of neonatal NK cell subsets. Diversity of NK cells subsets between neonates and adults was significantly different with higher diversity in neonates (Simpson’s Diversity Index, p = 0.008). Our findings suggest diversity in stages of NK cell development between individual neonates that may reflect early immune exposure. Given ours and others recent work demonstrating that the intrauterine environment is not sterile, we speculate that microbial exposures during gestation may be a driving difference in the diversification NK cell populations in human infants and hence enable immune tolerance at the risk of neonatal viral vulnerability.
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270: Commensal microbes confer protection against Zika virus infection in a murine gnotobiotic model of congenital Zika syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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677: Integration of multiple ‘omic datasets from a nested prospective observational study reveals linkage between the gut microbiome and metabolites in association with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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843: Chorioamnionitis induced by intra-amniotic injection of IL-1, LPS, or ureaplasma parvum is associated with an altered microbiome in a primate model of inflammatory preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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284: Maturation of cord blood natural killer (NK) cells differs among neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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622: Maternal IgA targets distinct communities of bacteria in the breast milk, maternal gut, and infant gut microbiomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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115: Contribution of the fetal microbiome to the taxonomic diversity and functionality of the postnatal gut microbiome in a non-human primate (NHP) model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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72: Dysbiosis of the cervicovaginal microbiome and decreased fertility occur in a nonhuman primate model of PCOS. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Application of Neutron Transport Green's Functions to the Calculation of Pressure Vessel Fluence. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse85-a17304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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537: Immunoglobulins (IgA) target bacteria in the breast milk and infant gut microbiomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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114: Evidence of fetal microbiota and its maternal origins in a non-human primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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123: Novel host genomic variants associated with resistance to high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in a primate model alter their gut microbiome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12: Alterations in the placental microbiome among spontaneous preterm births. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23: The fetal microbiome is altered in association with maternal diet during gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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497: The cervical microbiome is hormonally responsive. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23: Antibiotics and betamethasone therapy do not significantly alter the placental microbiome in chorioamnionitis affected pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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114: A maternal high fat diet (HFD) during gestation alters the neonatal gut microbiome in a human population based longitudinal cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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207: The intestinal microbiome is regulated by diet in a novel primate model of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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61: Probiotics alter the intestinal microbiome but do not prevent high fat diet dysbiosis in primates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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212: Fusobacterium nucleatum colonizes the placenta after oral inoculation in a gnotobiotic mouse model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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78: Distinct alterations in the placental microbiome among spontaneous preterm births. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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57: Alterations in the intestinal microbiome of infants are associated with breastfeeding practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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342: Poor maternal nutrition is associated with alterations in the maternal and neonatal microbiome communities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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79: Metagenomics of a population-based prospective cohort reveals no discernable impact of mode of delivery (MOD) on the infant microbiome by 6 weeks of age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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122: The microbiome of the placenta is altered among subjects with severe chorioamnionitis & spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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282: Chorioamnionitis induced by intramniotic injection of IL1, LPS or Ureaplasma parvum is associated with an altered microbiome in a primate model of inflammatory preterm birth (PTB). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13: Association of preterm birth with alterations in the microbiome and linkage to host mtDNA variants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
In opposite to most countries, avian influenza virus H5N1 became endemic in Egypt. Since, its first emerge in 2006 in Egypt, the virus could infect different species of birds and animals and even human. Beside the great economic losses to the local poultry industry in Egypt, the virus infected 166 confirmed human cases, 59 cases ended fatally. In the present study, the persistence of the avian influenza in the Egyptian environment was studied. For this purpose, serum samples were collected from human, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat, horses, donkeys, swine, sewage rats, stray dogs and stray cats. The sera were collected from Cairo and the surrounding governorates to be examined for the presence of anti-H5N1 antibodies by Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) and ELISA test. Clear differences in the seroprevalence were noticed among different species and also between the results obtained by both techniques indicating the difference in test accuracy. The present data indicate wide spread of the H5N1 virus in the Egyptian environment.
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Use of whole genome shotgun metagenomics: a practical guide for the microbiome-minded physician scientist. Semin Reprod Med 2014; 32:5-13. [PMID: 24390915 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1361817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) has been increasingly recognized as the most comprehensive and robust approach for metagenomics research. When compared with 16S-based metagenomics, it offers the advantage of identification of species level taxonomy and the estimation of metabolic pathway activities from human and environmental samples. Several large-scale metagenomic projects have been recently conducted or are currently underway utilizing WGS. With the generation of vast amounts of data, the bioinformatics and computational analysis of WGS results become vital for the success of a metagenomics study. However, each step in the WGS data analysis, including metagenome assembly, gene prediction, taxonomy identification, function annotation, and pathway analysis, is complicated by the shear amount of data. Algorithms and tools have been developed specifically to handle WGS-generated metagenomics data with the hope of reducing the requirement on computational time and storage space. Here, we present an overview of the current state of metagenomics through WGS sequencing, challenges frequently encountered, and up-to-date solutions. Several applications that are uniquely applicable to microbiome studies in reproductive and perinatal medicine are also discussed.
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44: Maternal diet persistently alters the developing juvenile microbiome in a primate model of obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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436: Choriomanionitis induced by sterile LPS or IL1 associates with an altered microbiome in a primate model of inflammatory preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Activation of self-reactive T cells and their trafficking to target tissues leads to autoimmune organ destruction. Mice lacking the co-inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) develop fatal autoimmunity characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into nonlymphoid tissues. Here, we demonstrate that the CD28 co-stimulatory pathway regulates the trafficking of self-reactive Ctla4(-/-) T cells to tissues. Concurrent ablation of the CD28-activated Tec family kinase ITK does not block spontaneous T cell activation but instead causes self-reactive Ctla4(-/-) T cells to accumulate in secondary lymphoid organs. Despite excessive spontaneous T cell activation and proliferation in lymphoid organs, Itk(-/-); Ctla4(-/-) mice are otherwise healthy, mount antiviral immune responses and exhibit a long lifespan. We propose that ITK specifically licenses autoreactive T cells to enter tissues to mount destructive immune responses. Notably, ITK inhibitors mimic the null mutant phenotype and also prevent pancreatic islet infiltration by diabetogenic T cells in mouse models of type 1 diabetes, highlighting their potential utility for the treatment of human autoimmune disorders.
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