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Katz JD, Jewell JP, Guerin DJ, Lim J, Dinsmore CJ, Deshmukh SV, Pan BS, Marshall CG, Lu W, Altman MD, Dahlberg WK, Davis L, Falcone D, Gabarda AE, Hang G, Hatch H, Holmes R, Kunii K, Lumb KJ, Lutterbach B, Mathvink R, Nazef N, Patel SB, Qu X, Reilly JF, Rickert KW, Rosenstein C, Soisson SM, Spencer KB, Szewczak AA, Walker D, Wang W, Young J, Zeng Q. Discovery of a 5H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-5-one (MK-2461) inhibitor of c-Met kinase for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4092-108. [PMID: 21608528 DOI: 10.1021/jm200112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
c-Met is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that mediates activation of several signaling pathways implicated in aggressive cancer phenotypes. In recent years, research into this area has highlighted c-Met as an attractive cancer drug target, triggering a number of approaches to disrupt aberrant c-Met signaling. Screening efforts identified a unique class of 5H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-5-one kinase inhibitors, exemplified by 1. Subsequent SAR studies led to the development of 81 (MK-2461), a potent inhibitor of c-Met that was efficacious in preclinical animal models of tumor suppression. In addition, biochemical studies and X-ray analysis have revealed that this unique class of kinase inhibitors binds preferentially to the activated (phosphorylated) form of the kinase. This report details the development of 81 and provides a description of its unique biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Katz
- Department of Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, BMB-2-114, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
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2
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Abstract
Enantioselective total synthesis of reblastatin is described. The synthesis highlights hydrozirconation, transmetalation, aldehyde addition sequence to install E-trisubstituted olefin and C7 stereocenter, and the first use of an intramolecular Buchwald-like amidation reaction to close the 19-membered macrolactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona E Wrona
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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3
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Rivkin A, Yoshimura F, Gabarda AE, Cho YS, Chou TC, Dong H, Danishefsky SJ. Discovery of (E)-9,10-dehydroepothilones through chemical synthesis: on the emergence of 26-trifluoro-(E)-9,10-dehydro-12,13-desoxyepothilone B as a promising anticancer drug candidate. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10913-22. [PMID: 15339176 DOI: 10.1021/ja046992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide a full account of the discovery of the (E)-9,10-dehydro derivatives of 12,13-desoxyepothilone B (dEpoB), a new class of antitumor agents with promising in vivo preclinical properties. The compounds, which are to date not available by modification of any of the naturally occurring epothilones, were discovered through total chemical synthesis. We describe how our investigations of ring-closing metathesis reactions in epothilone settings led to the first and second generation syntheses of (E)-9,10-dehydro-12,13-desoxyepothilone congener 6. With further modifications, the synthesis was applied to reach a 26-trifluoro derivative compound (see compound 7). To conduct such studies and in anticipation of future development needs, the total synthesis which led to the initial discovery of compound 7 was simplified significantly. The total synthesis methodology used to reach compound 7 was then applied to reach more readily formulated compounds, bearing hydroxy and amino functionality on the 21-position (see compounds 45, 62, and 63). Following extensive in vitro evaluations of these new congeners, compound 7 was nominated for in vivo evaluations in xenograft models. The data provided herein demonstrate a promising therapeutic efficacy, activity against large tumors, nonrelapseability, and oral activity. These results have identified compound 7 as a particularly promising compound for clinical development. The excellent, totally synthetic, route to 7 makes such a program quite feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rivkin
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Preclinical Pharmacology Core Facility, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Rivkin A, Cho YS, Gabarda AE, Yoshimura F, Danishefsky SJ. Application of ring-closing metathesis reactions in the synthesis of epothilones. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:139-143. [PMID: 14987048 DOI: 10.1021/np030540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is wide interest in the epothilones, which like the taxoids initiate cytotoxicity through microtubule stabilization. Briefly described is an application of a ring-closing metathesis reaction toward the synthesis of epothilones as carried out in our laboratory. This has led to the discovery of the (E)-9,10-dehydroepothilones as second-generation anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rivkin
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Preclinical Pharmacology Core Facility and Analytical Pharmacology Core Facility, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Chou TC, Dong H, Rivkin A, Yoshimura F, Gabarda AE, Cho YS, Tong WP, Danishefsky SJ. Design and Total Synthesis of a Superior Family of Epothilone Analogues, which Eliminate Xenograft Tumors to a Nonrelapsable State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200352361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chou TC, Dong H, Rivkin A, Yoshimura F, Gabarda AE, Cho YS, Tong WP, Danishefsky SJ. Design and Total Synthesis of a Superior Family of Epothilone Analogues, which Eliminate Xenograft Tumors to a Nonrelapsable State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003; 42:4762-7. [PMID: 14562342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200352361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chao Chou
- Preclinical Pharmacology Core Facility, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E. Gabarda
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Combinatorial Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Combinatorial Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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9
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Yoshimura F, Rivkin A, Gabarda AE, Chou TC, Dong H, Sukenick G, Morel FF, Taylor RE, Danishefsky SJ. Synthesis and conformational analysis of (E)-9,10-dehydroepothilone B: a suggestive link between the chemistry and biology of epothilones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003; 42:2518-21. [PMID: 12800175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200351407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Yoshimura
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Rivkin A, Yoshimura F, Gabarda AE, Chou TC, Dong H, Tong WP, Danishefsky SJ. Complex target-oriented total synthesis in the drug discovery process: the discovery of a highly promising family of second generation epothilones. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2899-901. [PMID: 12617656 DOI: 10.1021/ja029695p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of a family of (E)-9,10-dehydro derivatives of epothilone D (i.e., 12,13-desoxyepothilone B) is described. The route is particularly concise and amenable to production of new congeners. Furthermore, the chemistry described herein constitutes a major simplification in the total synthesis of EpoD, which is in human clinical trials. This new family of epothilones shows major advantages in terms of their potency and pharmacostability relative to the wild-type saturated analogues in the D series. From the perspective of compound availability through synthesis, potency, and pharmacokinetic properties, these compounds could well warrant advancement to clinical evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rivkin
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Curran DP, Josien H, Bom D, Gabarda AE, Du W. The cascade radical annulation approach to new analogues of camptothecins. Combinatorial synthesis of silatecans and homosilatecans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 922:112-21. [PMID: 11193887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb07030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the cascade radical annulation approach to the camptothecin family of antitumor drugs is presented. This combinatorial synthetic approach involves two key steps: (1) N-propargylation of a lactone/pyridone D/E ring fragment and (2) cascade radical annulation of an A-ring isonitrile to form rings B and C. The synthesis is probably the most flexible and general route to the camptothecin class of molecules. The parallel synthesis of several libraries of silatecan and homosilatecan libraries is summarized. One of the first-generation silatecans, DB-67, is emerging as a serious candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Curran
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Combinatorial Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- W Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. wudu+@pitt.edu
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13
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Curran DP, Gabarda AE. Formation of cyclopropanes by homolytic substitution reactions of 3-iodopropyl radicals: Preparative and rate studies. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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