1
|
Williams JC, Faillace MS, Gonzalez EJ, Dominguez RE, Knappenberger K, Heredia DA, Moore TA, Moore AL, Allen JP. Mn-porphyrins in a four-helix bundle participate in photo-induced electron transfer with a bacterial reaction center. Photosynth Res 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01051-9. [PMID: 37910331 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid complexes incorporating synthetic Mn-porphyrins into an artificial four-helix bundle domain of bacterial reaction centers created a system to investigate new electron transfer pathways. The reactions were initiated by illumination of the bacterial reaction centers, whose primary photochemistry involves electron transfer from the bacteriochlorophyll dimer through a series of electron acceptors to the quinone electron acceptors. Porphyrins with diphenyl, dimesityl, or fluorinated substituents were synthesized containing either Mn or Zn. Electrochemical measurements revealed potentials for Mn(III)/Mn(II) transitions that are ~ 0.4 V higher for the fluorinated Mn-porphyrins than the diphenyl and dimesityl Mn-porphyrins. The synthetic porphyrins were introduced into the proteins by binding to a four-helix bundle domain that was genetically fused to the reaction center. Light excitation of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer of the reaction center resulted in new derivative signals, in the 400 to 450 nm region of light-minus-dark spectra, that are consistent with oxidation of the fluorinated Mn(II) porphyrins and reduction of the diphenyl and dimesityl Mn(III) porphyrins. These features recovered in the dark and were not observed in the Zn(II) porphyrins. The amplitudes of the signals were dependent upon the oxidation/reduction midpoint potentials of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer. These results are interpreted as photo-induced charge-separation processes resulting in redox changes of the Mn-porphyrins, demonstrating the utility of the hybrid artificial reaction center system to establish design guidelines for novel electron transfer reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Williams
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - M S Faillace
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - E J Gonzalez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - R E Dominguez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - K Knappenberger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - D A Heredia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - T A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - A L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - J P Allen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Odella E, Secor M, Reyes Cruz EA, Guerra WD, Urrutia MN, Liddell PA, Moore TA, Moore GF, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Managing the Redox Potential of PCET in Grotthuss-Type Proton Wires. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15672-15679. [PMID: 35993888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expanding proton-coupled electron transfer to multiproton translocations (MPCET) provides a bioinspired mechanism to transport protons away from the redox site. This expansion has been accomplished by separating the initial phenolic proton donor from the pyridine-based terminal proton acceptor by a Grotthuss-type proton wire made up of concatenated benzimidazoles that form a hydrogen-bonded network. However, it was found that the midpoint potential of the phenol oxidation that launched the Grotthuss-type proton translocations is a function of the number of benzimidazoles in the hydrogen-bonded network; it becomes less positive (i.e., a weaker oxidant) as the number of bridging benzimidazoles increases. Herein, we report a strategy to maintain the high redox potential necessary for oxidative processes relevant to artificial photosynthesis, e.g., water oxidation and long-range MPCET processes for managing protons. The integrated structural and functional roles of the benzimidazole-based bridge provide sites for substitution of the benzimidazoles with electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., trifluoromethyl groups). Such substitution increases the midpoint potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol couple so that proton translocations over ∼11 Å become thermodynamically comparable to that of an unsubstituted system where one proton is transferred over ∼2.5 Å. The extended, substituted system maintains the hydrogen-bonded network; infrared spectroelectrochemistry confirms reversible proton translocations from the phenol to the pyridyl terminal proton acceptor upon oxidation and reduction. Theory supports the change in driving force with added electron-withdrawing groups and provides insight into the role of electron density and electrostatic potential in MPCET processes associated with these Grotthuss-type proton translocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Maxim Secor
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Edgar A Reyes Cruz
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Walter D Guerra
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - María N Urrutia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Paul A Liddell
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arsenault EA, Guerra WD, Shee J, Reyes Cruz EA, Yoneda Y, Wadsworth BL, Odella E, Urrutia MN, Kodis G, Moore GF, Head-Gordon M, Moore AL, Moore TA, Fleming GR. Concerted Electron-Nuclear Motion in Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer-Driven Grotthuss-Type Proton Translocation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4479-4485. [PMID: 35575065 PMCID: PMC9150097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer and long-range two-proton transport via a Grotthuss-type mechanism are investigated in a biomimetic construct. The ultrafast, nonequilibrium dynamics are assessed via two-dimensional electronic vibrational spectroscopy, in concert with electrochemical and computational techniques. A low-frequency mode is identified experimentally and found to promote double proton and electron transfer, supported by recent theoretical simulations of a similar but abbreviated (non-photoactive) system. Excitation frequency peak evolution and center line slope dynamics show direct evidence of strongly coupled nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, from which we can conclude that the double proton and electron transfer processes are concerted (up to an uncertainty of 24 fs). The nonequilibrium pathway from the photoexcited Franck-Condon region to the E2PT state is characterized by an ∼110 fs time scale. This study and the tools presented herein constitute a new window into hot charge transfer processes involving an electron and multiple protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Arsenault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Walter D. Guerra
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - James Shee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Edgar A. Reyes Cruz
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- The Biodesign
Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian L. Wadsworth
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- The Biodesign
Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Maria N. Urrutia
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- The Biodesign
Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gary F. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- The Biodesign
Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lewis CM, Flory JD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Rittmann BE, Vermaas WFJ, Torres CI, Fromme P. Electrochemically Driven Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Cyanobacteria Lacking Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2933-2942. [PMID: 35157427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-activated photosystem II (PSII) carries out the critical step of splitting water in photosynthesis. However, PSII is susceptible to light-induced damage. Here, results are presented from a novel microbial electro-photosynthetic system (MEPS) that uses redox mediators in conjunction with an electrode to drive electron transport in live Synechocystis (ΔpsbB) cells lacking PSII. MEPS-generated, light-dependent current increased with light intensity up to 2050 μmol photons m-2 s-1, which yielded a delivery rate of 113 μmol electrons h-1 mg-chl-1 and an average current density of 150 A m-2 s-1 mg-chl-1. P700+ re-reduction kinetics demonstrated that initial rates exceeded wildtype PSII-driven electron delivery. The electron delivery occurs ahead of the cytochrome b6f complex to enable both NADPH and ATP production. This work demonstrates an electrochemical system that can drive photosynthetic electron transport, provides a platform for photosynthetic foundational studies, and has the potential for improving photosynthetic performance at high light intensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Lewis
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Biodesign Institute Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Justin D Flory
- Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Engineering Center for Negative Carbon Emmisions, at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Biodesign Institute Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Wim F J Vermaas
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - César I Torres
- Biodesign Institute Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Odella E, Moore TA, Moore AL. Tuning the redox potential of tyrosine-histidine bioinspired assemblies. Photosynth Res 2022; 151:185-193. [PMID: 33432530 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis powers our planet and is a source of inspiration for developing artificial constructs mimicking many aspects of the natural energy transducing process. In the complex machinery of photosystem II (PSII), the redox activity of the tyrosine Z (Tyrz) hydrogen-bonded to histidine 190 (His190) is essential for its functions. For example, the Tyrz-His190 pair provides a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway that effectively competes against the back-electron transfer reaction and tunes the redox potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple ensuring a high net quantum yield of photoinduced charge separation in PSII. Herein, artificial assemblies mimicking both the structural and redox properties of the Tyrz-His190 pair are described. The bioinspired constructs contain a phenol (Tyrz model) covalently linked to a benzimidazole (His190 model) featuring an intramolecular hydrogen bond which closely emulates the one observed in the natural counterpart. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups in the benzimidazole moiety systematically changes the intramolecular hydrogen bond strength and modifies the potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple over a range of ~ 250 mV. Infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IRSEC) demonstrates the associated one-electron, one-proton transfer (E1PT) process upon electrochemical oxidation of the phenol. The present contribution provides insight regarding the factors controlling the redox potential of the phenol and highlights strategies for the design of futures constructs capable of transporting protons across longer distances while maintaining a high potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ravensbergen J, Pillai S, Méndez-Hernández DD, Frese RN, van Grondelle R, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, Kennis JTM. Dual Singlet Excited-State Quenching Mechanisms in an Artificial Caroteno-Phthalocyanine Light Harvesting Antenna. ACS Phys Chem Au 2022; 2:59-67. [PMID: 35098245 PMCID: PMC8796278 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Under excess illumination,
photosystem II of plants dissipates
excess energy through the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in
the light harvesting antenna. Various models involving chlorophyll
quenching by carotenoids have been proposed, including (i) direct
energy transfer from chlorophyll to the low-lying optically forbidden
carotenoid S1 state, (ii) formation of a collective quenched
chlorophyll–carotenoid S1 excitonic state, (iii)
chlorophyll–carotenoid charge separation and recombination,
and (iv) chlorophyll–chlorophyll charge separation and recombination.
In previous work, the first three processes were mimicked in model
systems: in a Zn-phthalocyanine–carotenoid dyad with an amide
linker, direct energy transfer was observed by femtosecond transient
absorption spectroscopy, whereas in a Zn-phthalocyanine–carotenoid
dyad with an amine linker excitonic quenching was demonstrated. Here,
we present a transient absorption spectroscopic study on a Zn-phthalocyanine–carotenoid
dyad with a phenylene linker. We observe that two quenching phases
of the phthalocyanine excited state exist at 77 and 213 ps in addition
to an unquenched phase at 2.7 ns. Within our instrument response of
∼100 fs, carotenoid S1 features rise which point
at an excitonic quenching mechanism. Strikingly, we observe an additional
rise of carotenoid S1 features at 3.6 ps, which shows that
a direct energy transfer mechanism in an inverted kinetics regime
is also in effect. We assign the 77 ps decay component to excitonic
quenching and the 3.6 ps/213 ps rise and decay components to direct
energy transfer. Our results indicate that dual quenching mechanisms
may be active in the same molecular system, in addition to an unquenched
fraction. Computational chemistry results indicate the presence of
multiple conformers where one of the dihedral angles of the phenylene
linker assumes distinct values. We propose that the parallel quenching
pathways and the unquenched fraction result from such conformational
subpopulations. Our results suggest that it is possible to switch
between different regimes of quenching and nonquenching through a
conformational change on the same molecule, offering insights into
potential mechanisms used in biological photosynthesis to adapt to
light intensity changes on fast time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Ravensbergen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Smitha Pillai
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | | | - Raoul N. Frese
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Madureira AML, Burnett TA, Marques JCS, Moore AL, Borchardt S, Heuwieser W, Guida TG, Vasconcelos JLM, Baes CF, Cerri RLA. Occurrence and greater intensity of estrus in recipient lactating dairy cows improve pregnancy per embryo transfer. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:877-888. [PMID: 34656349 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between occurrence and intensity of estrous expression with pregnancy success in recipient lactating dairy cows subjected to embryo transfer (ET). Two observational studies were conducted. Holstein cows were synchronized using the same timed ET protocol, based on estradiol and progesterone in both experiments. At 9 d after the end of the timed ET protocol only animals that had ovulated were implanted with a 7-d embryo [experiment 1 (Exp. 1); n = 1,401 ET events from 1,045 cows, and experiment 2 (Exp. 2); n = 1,147 ET events from 657 cows]. Embryos were produced in vivo (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) and in vitro (only Exp. 2), then transferred to recipient cows as fresh or frozen-thawed. Pregnancy was confirmed at 29 and 58 d after the end of timed ET protocol. In Exp. 1, animals had their estrous expression monitored through a tail chalk applied on the tail head of the cows and evaluated daily for chalk removal (no estrus: 100% of chalk remaining; estrus: <50% of chalk remaining). In Exp. 2, cows were continuously monitored by a leg-mounted automated activity monitor. Estrous expression was quantified using the relative increase in physical activity at estrus in relation to the days before estrus. Estrous expression was classified as no estrus [<100% relative increase in activity (RI)], weak intensity (100-299% RI), and strong intensity (≥300% RI). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using mixed linear regression models (GLIMMIX) in SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). A total of 65.2% (914/1,401) and 89.2% (1,019/1,142) of cows from Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively, displayed estrus at the end of the ovulation synchronization protocol. In Exp. 1, cows expressing estrus before to ET had greater pregnancy per ET than those that did not [41.0 ± 2.3% (381/914) vs. 31.5 ± 2.9% (151/487), respectively]. Similarly, in Exp. 2, cows classified in the strong intensity group had greater pregnancy per ET compared with cows in the weak intensity and no estrus groups [41.3 ± 2.2% (213/571) vs. 32.7 ± 2.7% (115/353) vs. 11.3 ± 3.5% (26/218), respectively]. There was no effect of ET type on pregnancy per ET in Exp. 1. However, in Exp. 2, cows that received an in vivo-produced embryo, either fresh or frozen, had greater pregnancy per ET compared with cows that received in vitro-produced embryo. Cows receiving embryos in the early blastocyst and blastocyst stage had greater fertility compared with cows receiving embryos in the morula stage. There was an interaction between the occurrence of estrus and the stage of embryo development on pregnancy per ET, cows which displayed estrus and received a morula or early blastocyst had greater pregnancy per ET than cows that did not display estrus. In conclusion, the occurrence and the intensity of estrous expression improved pregnancy per ET in recipient lactating dairy cows and thus could be used as a tool to assist in the decision making of reproduction strategies in dairy farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M L Madureira
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - T A Burnett
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4; Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada, N0P 2C0
| | - J C S Marques
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - A L Moore
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 14163
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 14163
| | - T G Guida
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - C F Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3002 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Odella E, Secor M, Elliott M, Groy TL, Moore TA, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Multi PCET in symmetrically substituted benzimidazoles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12667-12675. [PMID: 34703552 PMCID: PMC8494046 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions depend on the hydrogen-bond connectivity between sites of proton donors and acceptors. The 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (BIP) based systems, which mimic the natural TyrZ-His190 pair of Photosystem II, have been useful for understanding the associated PCET process triggered by one-electron oxidation of the phenol. Substitution of the benzimidazole by an appropriate terminal proton acceptor (TPA) group allows for two-proton translocations. However, the prototropic properties of substituted benzimidazole rings and rotation around the bond linking the phenol and the benzimidazole can lead to isomers that interrupt the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded network and thereby prevent a second proton translocation. Herein, a strategic symmetrization of a benzimidazole based system with two identical TPAs yields an uninterrupted network of intramolecular hydrogen bonds regardless of the isomeric form. NMR data confirms the presence of a single isomeric form in the disubstituted system but not in the monosubstituted system in certain solvents. Infrared spectroelectrochemistry demonstrates a two-proton transfer process associated with the oxidation of the phenol occurring at a lower redox potential in the disubstituted system relative to its monosubstituted analogue. Computational studies support these findings and show that the disubstituted system stabilizes the oxidized two-proton transfer product through the formation of a bifurcated hydrogen bond. Considering the prototropic properties of the benzimidazole heterocycle in the context of multiple PCET will improve the next generation of novel, bioinspired constructs built by concatenated units of benzimidazoles, thus allowing proton translocations at nanoscale length. Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions depend on the hydrogen-bond connectivity between sites of proton donors and acceptors.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Maxim Secor
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8107 USA
| | - Mackenna Elliott
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Thomas L Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | | | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sayre H, Ripberger HH, Odella E, Zieleniewska A, Heredia DA, Rumbles G, Scholes GD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Knowles RR. PCET-Based Ligand Limits Charge Recombination with an Ir(III) Photoredox Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13034-13043. [PMID: 34378919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Upon photoinitiated electron transfer, charge recombination limits the quantum yield of photoredox reactions for which the rates for the forward reaction and back electron transfer are competitive. Taking inspiration from a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process in Photosystem II, a benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) has been covalently attached to the 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand of [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(bpy)][PF6] (dF(CF3)ppy = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl). Excitation of the [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(BIP-bpy)][PF6] photocatalyst results in intramolecular PCET to form a charge-separated state with oxidized BIP. Subsequent reduction of methyl viologen dication (MV2+), a substrate surrogate, by the reducing moiety of the charge separated species demonstrates that the inclusion of BIP significantly slows the charge recombination rate. The effect of ∼24-fold slower charge recombination in a photocatalytic phthalimide ester reduction resulted in a greater than 2-fold increase in reaction quantum efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sayre
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Anna Zieleniewska
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guerra WD, Odella E, Urrutia MN, Liddell PA, Moore TA, Moore AL. Models to study photoinduced multiple proton coupled electron transfer processes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In water-oxidizing photosynthetic organisms, excitation of the reaction-center chlorophylls (P680) triggers a cascade of electron and proton transfer reactions that establish charge separation across the membrane and proton-motive force. An early oxidation step in this process involves proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) via a tyrosine-histidine redox relay (Yz-H190). Herein, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of two isomeric dyads designed to model this PCET process. Both are based on the same high potential fluorinated porphyrin (model for P680), linked to isomeric pyridylbenzimidazole-phenols (models for Yz-H190). The two isomeric dyads have different hydrogen bond frameworks, which is expected to change the PCET photooxidation mechanism. In these dyads, 1H NMR evidence indicates that in one dyad the hydrogen bond network would support a Grotthuss-type proton transfer process, whereas in the other the hydrogen bond network is interrupted. Photoinduced one-electron, two-proton transfer is expected to occur in the fully hydrogen-bonded dyad upon oxidation of the phenol by the excited state of the porphyrin. In contrast for the isomer with the interrupted hydrogen bond network, an ultrafast photoinduced one-electron one-proton transfer process is anticipated, followed by a much slower proton transfer to the terminal proton acceptor. Understanding the nature of photoinduced PCET mechanisms in these biomimetic models will provide insights into the design of future generations of artificial constructs involved in energy conversion schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter D. Guerra
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - María N. Urrutia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yoneda Y, Mora SJ, Shee J, Wadsworth BL, Arsenault EA, Hait D, Kodis G, Gust D, Moore GF, Moore AL, Head-Gordon M, Moore TA, Fleming GR. Electron-Nuclear Dynamics Accompanying Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3104-3112. [PMID: 33601880 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays an essential role in photosynthesis, a full understanding of the mechanism is still lacking due to the complex nonequilibrium dynamics arising from the strongly coupled electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. Here we report the photoinduced PCET dynamics of a biomimetic model system investigated by means of transient IR and two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2DEV) spectroscopies, IR spectroelectrochemistry (IRSEC), and calculations utilizing long-range-corrected hybrid density functionals. This collective experimental and theoretical effort provides a nuanced picture of the complicated dynamics and synergistic motions involved in photoinduced PCET. In particular, the evolution of the 2DEV line shape, which is highly sensitive to the mixing of vibronic states, is interpreted by accurate computational modeling of the charge separated state and is shown to represent a gradual change in electron density distribution associated with a dihedral twist that occurs on a 120 fs time scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - S Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - James Shee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian L Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,The Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Eric A Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,The Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gary F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,The Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lakshmi K, Mendez-Hernandez DD, Baldansuren A, Kalendra V, Charles P, Mark B, Marshall W, Molnar B, Moore TA, Moore AL. Understanding the Mechanism of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Bioinspired Artificial Photosynthetic Mimic, Benzimidazole Phenol Porphyrin. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
13
|
Guerra WD, Odella E, Secor M, Goings JJ, Urrutia MN, Wadsworth BL, Gervaldo M, Sereno LE, Moore TA, Moore GF, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Role of Intact Hydrogen-Bond Networks in Multiproton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21842-21851. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter D. Guerra
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Maxim Secor
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Joshua J. Goings
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - María N. Urrutia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L. Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Miguel Gervaldo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leónides E. Sereno
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mardis KL, Niklas J, Omodayo H, Odella E, Moore TA, Moore AL, Poluektov OG. One Electron Multiple Proton Transfer in Model Organic Donor-Acceptor Systems: Implications for High Frequency EPR. Appl Magn Reson 2020; 51:977-991. [PMID: 34764625 PMCID: PMC8579843 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-020-01252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
EPR spectroscopy is an important spectroscopic method for identification and characterization of radical species involved in many biological reactions. The tyrosyl radical is one of the most studied amino acid radical intermediates in biology. Often in conjunction with histidine residues, it is involved in many fundamental biological electron and proton transfer processes, such as in the water oxidation in photosystem II. As biological processes are typically extremely complicated and hard to control, molecular bio-mimetic model complexes are often used to clarify the mechanisms of the biological reactions. Here we present theoretical calculations to investigate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance parameters to proton-coupled electron transfer events, as well as conformational substates of the molecular constructs which mimic the tyrosine-histidine (Tyr-His) pairs found in a large variety of proteins. Upon oxidation of the phenol, the Tyr analogue, these complexes can perform not only one-electron one-proton transfer (EPT), but also one-electron two-proton transfers (E2PT). It is shown that in aprotic environment the gX-components of the electronic g-tensor are extremely sensitive to the first proton transfer from the phenoxyl oxygen to the imidazole nitrogen (EPT product), leading to a significant increase of the gX-value of up to 0.003, but are not sensitive to the second proton transfer (E2PT product). In the latter case the change of the gX-value is much smaller (ca. 0.0001), which is too small to be distinguished even by high frequency EPR. The 14N hyperfine values are also too similar to allow differentiation between the different protonation states in EPT and E2PT. The magnetic resonance parameters were also calculated as a function of the rotation angles around single bonds. It was demonstrated that rotation of the phenoxyl group results in large positive changes (>0.001) in the gX-values. Analysis of the data reveals that the main source of these changes is related to the strength of the H-bond between phenoxyl oxygen and the proton(s) on N1 and N2 positions of the imidazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Mardis
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering Studies, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Harriet Omodayo
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering Studies, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Méndez-Hernández DD, Baldansuren A, Kalendra V, Charles P, Mark B, Marshall W, Molnar B, Moore TA, Lakshmi KV, Moore AL. HYSCORE and DFT Studies of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Bioinspired Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center. iScience 2020; 23:101366. [PMID: 32738611 PMCID: PMC7394912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic water-oxidation reaction is catalyzed by the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II (PSII) that comprises the Mn4CaO5 cluster, with participation of the redox-active tyrosine residue (YZ) and a hydrogen-bonded network of amino acids and water molecules. It has been proposed that the strong hydrogen bond between YZ and D1-His190 likely renders YZ kinetically and thermodynamically competent leading to highly efficient water oxidation. However, a detailed understanding of the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) at YZ remains elusive owing to the transient nature of its intermediate states involving YZ⋅. Herein, we employ a combination of high-resolution two-dimensional 14N hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy and density functional theory methods to investigate a bioinspired artificial photosynthetic reaction center that mimics the PCET process involving the YZ residue of PSII. Our results underscore the importance of proximal water molecules and charge delocalization on the electronic structure of the artificial reaction center. Structural factors are critical in the design of artificial photosynthetic systems Correlation between hyperfine couplings of the N atoms and electron spin density Spin density distribution affected by charge delocalization and explicit waters Spin density modulation by electronic coupling as observed with P680 and YZ in PSII
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brian Mark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - William Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brian Molnar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moretti L, Kudisch B, Terazono Y, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D, Cerullo G, Scholes GD, Maiuri M. Ultrafast Dynamics of Nonrigid Zinc-Porphyrin Arrays Mimicking the Photosynthetic "Special Pair". J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3443-3450. [PMID: 32290662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated porphyrin arrays are heavily investigated as efficient molecular systems for photosynthesis and photocatalysis. Recently, a series of one-, two-, and six-zinc-porphyrin arrays, noncovalently linked through benzene-based hubs, have been synthesized with the aim of mimicking the structure and function of the bacteriochlorophyll "special pair" in photosynthetic reaction centers. The excitonically coupled porphyrin subunits are expected to activate additional excited state relaxation channels with respect to the monomer. Here, we unveil the appearance of such supramolecular electronic interactions using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with sub-25 fs time resolution. Upon photoexcitation of the Soret band, we resolve energy trapping within ∼150 fs in a delocalized dark excitonic manifold. Moreover, excitonic interactions promote an additional fast internal conversion from the Q-band to the ground state with an efficiency of up to 60% in the hexamer. These relaxation pathways appear to be common loss channels that limit the lifetime of the exciton states in noncovalently bound molecular aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Moretti
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Yuichi Terazono
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Odella E, Mora SJ, Wadsworth BL, Goings JJ, Gervaldo MA, Sereno LE, Groy TL, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore GF, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Proton-coupled electron transfer across benzimidazole bridges in bioinspired proton wires. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3820-3828. [PMID: 34122850 PMCID: PMC8152432 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing molecular platforms for controlling proton and electron movement in artificial photosynthetic systems is crucial to efficient catalysis and solar energy conversion. The transfer of both protons and electrons during a reaction is known as proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and is used by nature in myriad ways to provide low overpotential pathways for redox reactions and redox leveling, as well as to generate bioenergetic proton currents. Herein, we describe theoretical and electrochemical studies of a series of bioinspired benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) derivatives and a series of dibenzimidazole-phenol (BI2P) analogs with each series bearing the same set of terminal proton-accepting (TPA) groups. The set of TPAs spans more than 6 pKa units. These compounds have been designed to explore the role of the bridging benzimidazole(s) in a one-electron oxidation process coupled to intramolecular proton translocation across either two (the BIP series) or three (the BI2P series) acid/base sites. These molecular constructs feature an electrochemically active phenol connected to the TPA group through a benzimidazole-based bridge, which together with the phenol and TPA group form a covalent framework supporting a Grotthuss-type hydrogen-bonded network. Infrared spectroelectrochemistry demonstrates that upon oxidation of the phenol, protons translocate across this well-defined hydrogen-bonded network to a TPA group. The experimental data show the benzimidazole bridges are non-innocent participants in the PCET process in that the addition of each benzimidazole unit lowers the redox potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol couple by 60 mV, regardless of the nature of the TPA group. Using a series of hypothetical thermodynamic steps, density functional theory calculations correctly predicted the dependence of the redox potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol couple on the nature of the final protonated species and provided insight into the thermodynamic role of dibenzimidazole units in the PCET process. This information is crucial for developing molecular “dry proton wires” with these moieties, which can transfer protons via a Grotthuss-type mechanism over long distances without the intervention of water molecules. Experimental and theoretical methods characterize the thermodynamics of electrochemically driven proton-coupled electron transfer processes in bioinspired constructs involving multiple proton translocations over Grotthus-type proton wires.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - S Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Brian L Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Joshua J Goings
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8107 USA
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal No 3 5800 Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Leonides E Sereno
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal No 3 5800 Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Thomas L Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | - Gary F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| | | | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-1604 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mora SJ, Heredia DA, Odella E, Vrudhula U, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. Design and synthesis of benzimidazole phenol-porphyrin dyads for the study of bioinspired photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole phenol-porphyrin dyads have been synthesized to study proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions induced by photoexcitation. High-potential porphyrins have been chosen to model P680, the photoactive chlorophyll cluster of photosynthetic photosystem II (PSII). They have either two or three pentafluorophenyl groups at the meso positions to impart the high redox potential. The benzimidazole phenol (BIP) moiety models the Tyr[Formula: see text]-His190 pair of PSII, which is a redox mediator that shuttles electrons from the water oxidation catalyst to P680[Formula: see text]. The dyads consisting of a porphyrin and an unsubstituted BIP are designed to study one-electron one-proton transfer (E1PT) processes upon excitation of the porphyrin. When the BIP moiety is substituted with proton-accepting groups such as imines, one-electron two-proton transfer (E2PT) processes are expected to take place upon oxidation of the phenol by the excited state of the porphyrin. The bis-pentafluorophenyl porphyrins linked to BIPs provide platforms for introducing a variety of electron-accepting moieties and/or anchoring groups to attach semiconductor nanoparticles to the macrocycle. The triads thus formed will serve to study the PCET process involving the BIPs when the oxidation of the phenol is achieved by the photochemically produced radical cation of the porphyrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Daniel A. Heredia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Uma Vrudhula
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Odella E, Wadsworth BL, Mora SJ, Goings JJ, Huynh MT, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore GF, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Drives Long-Range Proton Translocation in Bioinspired Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14057-14061. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L. Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - S. Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Joshua J. Goings
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Mioy T. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Odella E, Mora SJ, Wadsworth BL, Huynh MT, Goings JJ, Liddell PA, Groy TL, Gervaldo M, Sereno LE, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore GF, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Controlling Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Bioinspired Artificial Photosynthetic Relays. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15450-15460. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - S. Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L. Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Mioy T. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Joshua J. Goings
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Miguel Gervaldo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leónides E. Sereno
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No. 3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tejeda-Ferrari ME, Brown CL, Coutinho GCCC, Gomes de Sá GA, Palma JL, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Kodis G, Mujica V, Ho J, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. Electronic Structure and Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Artificial Photosynthetic Antennas. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:211-219. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea L. Brown
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | | | | | - Julio L. Palma
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University; Lemont Furnace PA
| | - Manuel J. Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Artificial photosynthetic constructs can in principle operate more efficiently than natural photosynthesis because they can be rationally designed to optimize solar energy conversion for meeting human demands rather than the multiple needs of an organism competing for growth and reproduction in a complex ecosystem. The artificial photosynthetic constructs described in this Account consist primarily of covalently linked synthetic chromophores, electron donors and acceptors, and proton donors and acceptors that carry out the light absorption, electron transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes characteristic of photosynthetic cells. PCET is the movement of an electron from one site to another accompanied by proton transfer. PCET and the transport of protons over tens of angstroms are important in all living cells because they are a fundamental link between redox processes and the establishment of transmembrane gradients of proton electrochemical potential, known as proton-motive force (PMF), which is the unifying concept in bioenergetics. We have chosen a benzimidazole phenol (BIP) system as a platform for the study of PCET because with appropriate substitutions it is possible to design assemblies in which one or multiple proton transfers can accompany oxidation of the phenol. In BIP, oxidation of the phenol increases its acidity by more than ten pKa units; thus, electrochemical oxidation of the phenol is associated with a proton transfer to the imidazole. This is an example of a PCET process involving transfer of one electron and one proton, known as electron-proton transfer (EPT). When the benzimidazole moiety of BIP is substituted at the 4-position with good proton acceptor groups such as aliphatic amines, experimental and theoretical results indicate that two proton transfers occur upon one-electron oxidation of the phenol. This phenomenon is described as a one-electron-two-proton transfer (E2PT) process and results in translocation of protons over ∼7 Å via a Grotthuss-type mechanism, where the protons traverse a network of internally H-bonded sites. In the case of the E2TP process involving BIP analogues with amino group substituents, the thermodynamic price paid in redox potential to move a proton to the final proton acceptor is ∼300 mV. In this example, the decrease in redox potential limits the oxidizing power of the resulting phenoxyl radical. Thus, unlike the biological counterpart, the artificial construct is thermodynamically incapable of effectively advancing the redox state of a water oxidation catalyst. The design of systems where multiple proton transfer events are coupled to an oxidation reaction while a relatively high redox potential is maintained remains an outstanding challenge. The ability to control proton transfer and activity at defined distances and times is key to achieving proton management in the vicinity of catalysts operating at low overpotential in myriad biochemically important processes. Artificial photosynthetic constructs with well-defined structures, such as the ones described in this Account, can provide the means for discovering design principles upon which efficient redox catalysts for electrolysis and fuel cells can be based.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gary F. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Gacek
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical
Chemistry, Gaußstraße.
17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Peter Jomo Walla
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical
Chemistry, Gaußstraße.
17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huynh MT, Mora SJ, Villalba M, Tejeda-Ferrari ME, Liddell PA, Cherry BR, Teillout AL, Machan CW, Kubiak CP, Gust D, Moore TA, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Concerted One-Electron Two-Proton Transfer Processes in Models Inspired by the Tyr-His Couple of Photosystem II. ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:372-380. [PMID: 28573198 PMCID: PMC5445534 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nature employs a TyrZ-His pair as a redox relay that couples proton transfer to the redox process between P680 and the water oxidizing catalyst in photosystem II. Artificial redox relays composed of different benzimidazole-phenol dyads (benzimidazole models His and phenol models Tyr) with substituents designed to simulate the hydrogen bond network surrounding the TyrZ-His pair have been prepared. When the benzimidazole substituents are strong proton acceptors such as primary or tertiary amines, theory predicts that a concerted two proton transfer process associated with the electrochemical oxidation of the phenol will take place. Also, theory predicts a decrease in the redox potential of the phenol by ∼300 mV and a small kinetic isotope effect (KIE). Indeed, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and KIE experimental data are consistent with these predictions. Notably, these results were obtained by using theory to guide the rational design of artificial systems and have implications for managing proton activity to optimize efficiency at energy conversion sites involving water oxidation and reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mioy T. Huynh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - S. Jimena Mora
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Matias Villalba
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | | | - Paul A. Liddell
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Brian R. Cherry
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Anne-Lucie Teillout
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, Groupe d’Electrochimie et de Photoélectrochimie,
UMR 8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Charles W. Machan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road,
PO 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Clifford P. Kubiak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Koepf M, Bergkamp JJ, Teillout AL, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Kodis G, Moore AL, Gust D, Moore TA. Design of porphyrin-based ligands for the assembly of [d-block metal : calcium] bimetallic centers. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4199-4208. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A secondary binding-site for alkaline-earth cations is introduced on a porphyrin platform to obtain competent bitopicN,O-ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Koepf
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Finkelstein-Shapiro D, Fournier M, Méndez-Hernández DD, Guo C, Calatayud M, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D, Yarger JL. Understanding iridium oxide nanoparticle surface sites by their interaction with catechol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:16151-16158. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the first method to quantitatively understand the optical and catalytic properties of IrOx nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxime Fournier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | | | - Chengchen Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Monica Calatayud
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7616
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Paris
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Jeffery L. Yarger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ravensbergen J, Brown CL, Moore GF, Frese RN, van Grondelle R, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, Kennis JTM. Kinetic isotope effect of proton-coupled electron transfer in a hydrogen bonded phenol-pyrrolidino[60]fullerene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 14:2147-50. [PMID: 26516706 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays a central role in photosynthesis and potentially in solar-to-fuel systems. We report a spectroscopy study on a phenol-pyrrolidino[60]fullerene. Quenching of the singlet excited state from 1 ns to 250 ps is assigned to PCET. A H/D exchange study reveals a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 3.0, consistent with a concerted PCET mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Ravensbergen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherland.
| | - Chelsea L Brown
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Gary F Moore
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Raoul N Frese
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherland.
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherland.
| | - Devens Gust
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Thomas A Moore
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Ana L Moore
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
| | - John T M Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pahk I, Kodis G, Fleming GR, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center Exhibiting Acid-Responsive Regulation of Photoinduced Charge Separation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10553-10562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pahk
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Waskasi MM, Kodis G, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D, Matyushov DV. Marcus Bell-Shaped Electron Transfer Kinetics Observed in an Arrhenius Plot. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9251-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza M. Waskasi
- School of Molecular Sciences and ‡Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School of Molecular Sciences and ‡Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and ‡Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and ‡Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences and ‡Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Dmitry V. Matyushov
- School of Molecular Sciences and ‡Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Antoniuk-Pablant A, Kodis G, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D. Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer in a Molecular Triad Featuring a Fullerene Redox Mediator. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6687-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ravensbergen J, Antoniuk-Pablant A, Sherman BD, Kodis G, Megiatto JD, Méndez-Hernández DD, Frese RN, van Grondelle R, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D, Kennis JTM. Spectroscopic Analysis of a Biomimetic Model of TyrZ Function in PSII. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12156-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Ravensbergen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antaeres Antoniuk-Pablant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Dalvin D. Méndez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Raoul N. Frese
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1605, United States
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arero J, Kodis G, Schmitz RA, Méndez-Hernández DD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Design, synthesis and photophysical studies of phenylethynyl-bridged phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A zinc and a free base phthalocyanine-fulleropyrrolidine dyad in which the chromophores are linked by a phenylethynyl group have been prepared using a new synthetic route, and their photoelectrochemical properties have been investigated. The zinc dyad is readily soluble in a variety of solvents, and its spectroscopic properties have been determined in toluene and benzonitrile. In toluene, excitation of the zinc phthalocyanine is followed by rapid establishment of an equilibrium between the phthalocyanine and fullerene excited states. These excited states decay mainly to the ground state and the respective triplet states. The fullerene triplet then transfers its energy to form the phthalocyanine triplet. About 20% of the phthalocyanine excited states lead to formation of a charge-separated state. In benzonitrile, the same decay pathways are observed, but photoinduced electron transfer is much faster, and generates the charge separated state with a quantum yield of ≥85%. The charge separated state has a lifetime of 2.8 ns in toluene and 94 ps in benzonitrile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaro Arero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Robert A. Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Godin R, Sherman BD, Bergkamp JJ, Chesta CA, Moore AL, Moore TA, Palacios RE, Cosa G. Charge-Transfer Dynamics of Fluorescent Dye-Sensitized Electrodes under Applied Biases. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2688-2693. [PMID: 26266849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of dye-sensitized solar cells requires an in-depth understanding of the interfacial charge-transfer dynamics that take place between dye sensitizers and semiconductors. Here, we describe a prototype system to probe these dynamics by monitoring in real time the fluorescence of two organic sensitizers, a perylene and a squaraine, bound to a SnO2 semiconductor thin film as a function of potentiostatic control of the Fermi level. The two different sensitizer fluorophores characterized by vastly different redox potentials undergo similar fluorescence modulation with applied bias, an indication that the density of states of the semiconductor largely influences the charge-transfer dynamics while energetics play a minimal role. We further show that the rate of photodegradation of the perylene sensitizer with applied bias provides a suitable marker to study the rate of charge injection and charge recombination. Taken together, our results demonstrate a suitable platform to visualize and study charge-transfer dynamics on films and constitute a step toward achieving single-molecule resolution in our quest to decipher the static and dynamic heterogeneity of charge-transfer dynamics in dye-sensitized photoanodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Godin
- †Department of Chemistry and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jesse J Bergkamp
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- ‡Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fı́sico-Quı́micas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rı́o Cuarto, Rı́o Cuarto, Córdoba Argentina
| | - Ana L Moore
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- ‡Departamento de Quı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fı́sico-Quı́micas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rı́o Cuarto, Rı́o Cuarto, Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- †Department of Chemistry and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kawakami TG, Moore AL, Theilen GH, Munn RJ. Comparisons of virus-like particles from leukotic cattle to feline leukosis virus. Bibl Haematol 2015:471-5. [PMID: 4376380 DOI: 10.1159/000391741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
36
|
Méndez‐Hernández DD, Gillmore JG, Montano LA, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL, Mujica V. Building and testing correlations for the estimation of one‐electron reduction potentials of a diverse set of organic molecules. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalvin D. Méndez‐Hernández
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
| | - Jason G. Gillmore
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
- Department of Chemistry Hope College Holland MI 49423 USA
| | - Luis A. Montano
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
| | - Devens Gust
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- Center for Bio‐Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287‐1604 USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Watson BL, Sherman BD, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D. Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell photocurrent and efficiency using a Y-shaped, pyrazine-containing heteroaromatic sensitizer linkage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15788-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00860c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to dye sensitized solar cells using a pyrazine-containing linkage to join two dyes to the TiO2 photoanode enhances photovoltage, photocurrent and solar efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | | | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Llansola-Portoles MJ, Bergkamp JJ, Finkelstein-Shapiro D, Sherman BD, Kodis G, Dimitrijevic NM, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. Controlling surface defects and photophysics in TiO2 nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10631-8. [PMID: 25109403 DOI: 10.1021/jp506284q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used for photocatalysis and solar cell applications, and the electronic structure of bulk TiO2 is well understood. However, the surface structure of nanoparticulate TiO2, which has a key role in properties such as solubility and catalytic activity, still remains controversial. Detailed understanding of surface defect structures may help explain reactivity and overall materials performance in a wide range of applications. In this work we address the solubility problem and surface defects control on TiO2 nanoparticles. We report the synthesis and characterization of ∼4 nm TiO2 anatase spherical nanoparticles that are soluble and stable in a wide range of organic solvents and water. By controlling the temperature during the synthesis, we are able to tailor the density of defect states on the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles without affecting parameters such as size, shape, core crystallinity, and solubility. The morphology of both kinds of nanoparticles was determined by TEM. EPR experiments were used to characterize the surface defects, and transient absorption measurements demonstrate the influence of the TiO2 defect states on photoinduced electron transfer dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Copley G, Gillmore JG, Crisman J, Kodis G, Gray CL, Cherry BR, Sherman BD, Liddell PA, Paquette MM, Kelbauskas L, Frank NL, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D. Modulating short wavelength fluorescence with long wavelength light. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11994-2003. [PMID: 25072525 DOI: 10.1021/ja504879p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two molecules in which the intensity of shorter-wavelength fluorescence from a strong fluorophore is modulated by longer-wavelength irradiation of an attached merocyanine-spirooxazine reverse photochromic moiety have been synthesized and studied. This unusual fluorescence behavior is the result of quenching of fluorophore fluorescence by the thermally stable, open, zwitterionic form of the spirooxazine, whereas the photogenerated closed, spirocyclic form has no effect on the fluorophore excited state. The population ratio of the closed and open forms of the spirooxazine is controlled by the intensity of the longer-wavelength modulated light. Both square wave and sine wave modulation were investigated. Because the merocyanine-spirooxazine is an unusual reverse photochrome with a thermally stable long-wavelength absorbing form and a short-wavelength absorbing photogenerated isomer with a very short lifetime, this phenomenon does not require irradiation of the molecules with potentially damaging ultraviolet light, and rapid modulation of fluorescence is possible. Molecules demonstrating these properties may be useful in fluorescent probes, as their use can discriminate between probe fluorescence and various types of adventitious "autofluorescence" from other molecules in the system being studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Copley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmitz RA, Liddell PA, Kodis G, Kenney MJ, Brennan BJ, Oster NV, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of a soluble semiconducting porphyrin polymer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17569-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
41
|
Sherman BD, Vaughn MD, Bergkamp JJ, Gust D, Moore AL, Moore TA. Evolution of reaction center mimics to systems capable of generating solar fuel. Photosynth Res 2014; 120:59-70. [PMID: 23397434 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Capturing and converting solar energy via artificial photosynthesis offers an ideal way to limit society's dependence on fossil fuel and its myriad consequences. The development and study of molecular artificial photosynthetic reactions centers and antenna complexes and the combination of these constructs with catalysts to drive the photochemical production of a fuel helps to build the understanding needed for development of future scalable technologies. This review focuses on the study of molecular complexes, design of which is inspired by the components of natural photosynthesis, and covers research from early triad reaction centers developed by the group of Gust, Moore, and Moore to recent photoelectrochemical systems capable of using light to convert water to oxygen and hydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Megiatto Jr JD, Méndez-Hernández DD, Tejeda-Ferrari ME, Teillout AL, Llansola-Portolés MJ, Kodis G, Poluektov OG, Rajh T, Mujica V, Groy TL, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. A bioinspired redox relay that mimics radical interactions of the Tyr–His pairs of photosystem II. Nat Chem 2014; 6:423-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
Moore TA, Gust D, Hatlevig S, Moore AL, Makings LR, Pesski PJ, De Schryver F, van Der Auweraer M, Lexa D, Bensasson RV, Rougée M. Photoinitiated Electron Transfer in Carotenoporphyrin-Quinone Triads: Enhanced Quantum Yields via Control of Reaction Exergonicity. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
44
|
Brennan BJ, Llansola Portolés MJ, Liddell PA, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Comparison of silatrane, phosphonic acid, and carboxylic acid functional groups for attachment of porphyrin sensitizers to TiO2 in photoelectrochemical cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:16605-14. [PMID: 23959453 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A tetra-arylporphyrin dye was functionalized with three different anchoring groups used to attach molecules to metal oxide surfaces. The physical, photophysical and electrochemical properties of the derivatized porphyrins were studied, and the dyes were then linked to mesoporous TiO2. The anchoring groups were β-vinyl groups bearing either a carboxylate, a phosphonate or a siloxy moiety. The siloxy linkages were made by treatment of the metal oxide with a silatrane derivative of the porphyrin. The surface binding and lability of the anchored molecules were studied, and dye performance was compared in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to study charge recombination processes. At comparable surface concentration, the porphyrin showed comparable performance in the DSSC, regardless of the linker. However, the total surface coverage achievable with the carboxylate was about twice that obtainable with the other two linkers, and this led to higher current densities for the carboxylate DSSC. On the other hand, the carboxylate-linked dyes were readily leached from the metal oxide surface under alkaline conditions. The phosphonates were considerably less labile, and the siloxy-linked porphyrins were most resistant to leaching from the surface. The use of silatrane proved to be a practical and convenient way to introduce the siloxy linkages, which can confer greatly increased stability on dye-sensitized electrodes with photoelectrochemical performance comparable to that of the other linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA 85287.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Llansola-Portoles MJ, Bergkamp JJ, Tomlin J, Moore TA, Kodis G, Moore AL, Cosa G, Palacios RE. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Perylene-TiO2Nanoassemblies. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Llansola-Portoles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Jesse J. Bergkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - John Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA); McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Rodrigo E. Palacios
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
An efficient route to meso-β doubly connected fused porphyrin dimers was developed. Synthesis of the dimers incorporated two successive C–C bond-forming steps selectively coupling unsubstituted meso- and β-positions. Using Cu(BF4)2 as an oxidant in nitromethane solvent, the radical coupling of Cu(II) -porphyrins occurred in high yield and without side-products, allowing chromatography-free purification. Efficient demetalation of the product yielded free-base derivatives and the possibility to incorporate other metals into the macrocycles. The absorption and electrochemical properties vary with the inserted metal, showing broad UV-visible-NIR absorption and multiple one-electron oxidations/reductions in a relatively narrow electrochemical window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jaro Arero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Garg V, Kodis G, Liddell PA, Terazono Y, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center with a Coumarin-Based Antenna System. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11299-308. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Paul A. Liddell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Yuichi Terazono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for
Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Molecules that change their structure in response to a stimulus such as light or an added chemical can act as molecular switches. Such switches can be chemically linked to other active moieties to create molecular "devices" for various purposes. There has been much activity of late in the use of molecular switches such as photochromes in the construction of molecular logic gates that carry out binary or digital functions. However, ensembles of such molecules can also act as analog devices. Here, examples of a molecular photonic signal transducer and two mimics of photosynthetic photoregulatory processes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Copley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Frey J, Kodis G, Straight SD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Photonic Modulation of Electron Transfer with Switchable Phase Inversion. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:607-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Frey
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Stephen D. Straight
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Devens Gust
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pillai S, Ravensbergen J, Antoniuk-Pablant A, Sherman BD, van Grondelle R, Frese RN, Moore TA, Gust D, Moore AL, Kennis JTM. Carotenoids as electron or excited-state energy donors in artificial photosynthesis: an ultrafast investigation of a carotenoporphyrin and a carotenofullerene dyad. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4775-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|