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da Silva JRR, de Andrade CO, Ribeiro AC, Macruz PD, da Costa Neves FernandesAlmeida Duarte E, Bergamasco R, de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Fernandes CA. In Vivo Test to Evaluate the Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Natural Zeolite (NZ) Functionalized with Silver Nanoparticles (NZ-AgNPs) on Erythrocytes of Yellowtail Tetra Fish Astyanax lacustris. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04451-7. [PMID: 39585541 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique properties such as chemical stability, malleability, flexibility, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, making them suitable for various applications. However, they also pose potential toxicity and environmental contamination risks. Natural zeolites (NZs) are considered excellent inorganic support for reducing the toxicity of AgNPs. The scope of this study was to carry out a comparative assessment of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of NZ, NZ functionalized with silver nanoparticles (NZ-AgNPs), and commercial AgNPs on fish Astyanax lacustris. Micronucleus (MN) test, cellular morphological change (CMC) test, and the comet assay were used to assess the effects of the nanoparticles. A. lacustris specimens were exposed to a concentrations of 0.1 mg l-1 in the NZs, NZ-AgNPs, and commercial AgNPs for 96 h during the experiment. The results showed no significant difference between the negative control and NZ. Moreover, NZ-AgNPs exhibited reduced toxicities compared to commercial AgNPs, which caused higher levels of alterations and cellular damage. The study concluded that NZs effectively reduced cytotoxicity/genotoxicity in A. lacustris specimens when used to support AgNPs.
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Mari-Ribeiro IP, Scorsim B, Ranucci L, Borin-Carvalho LA, Oliveira AVD, Portela-Castro ALDB. Integrating Genetic and Cytogenetic Data: A Diversity Study of Astyanax and Psalidodon (Characidae) Species from the Paraná River Basin. Zebrafish 2024; 21:300-309. [PMID: 38813664 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2024.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Astyanax is one of the most specious fish groups in the Neotropical region, with many cryptic species, which represents a challenge for correct identification through traditional taxonomic methods. Psalidodon is a recently resurrected genus group of species previously belonging to Astyanax, specifically those with extensive chromosomal variation of the A. scabripinnis and fasciatus complexes. In the present study, the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), mitochondrial ATP synthase 6 and 8 (ATPase 6/8), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) were used in conjunction with chromosomal data to characterize molecularly and cytogenetically populations of Astyanax and Psalidodon from rivers and streams of the Ivaí River Basin (Paraná Basin). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the integrative use of molecular and cytogenetic techniques, with the confirmation of at least three species for the sampled sites: A. lacustris, P. paranae, and P. fasciatus, which showed inter- and intrapopulation karyotype variations. In addition, extensive haplotypic variation can be observed for these species within the Ivaí River Basin and throughout the Paraná River Basin. The data demonstrate a hidden diversity among the species analyzed, enrich the ichthyofaunistic knowledge of small rivers and streams, and contribute to future conservation projects in these areas.
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de Andrade CO, da Silva JRR, Barbieri PA, Borin-Carvalho LA, Portela-Castro ALDB, Fernandes CA. The effect of acute exposure of yellowtail tetra fish Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) to the glyphosate-based herbicide Templo®. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503771. [PMID: 39054002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) efficiently eliminates weeds, is frequently present in surface waters, and may damage the health of various non-target organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in erythrocytes, DNA, and chromosomes of native South American fish Astyanax lacustris exposed to a glyphosate-based commercial herbicide Templo®. The presenty study evaluated the presence of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA), DNA damage revealed by comet assay, and cellular morphological changes (CMC) as biomarkers. The A. lacustris specimens were exposed to Templo® for 96 h at concentrations below the permitted Brazilian legislation for freshwater environments. The glyphosate-based herbicide caused MN formation, an increased incidence of CA, DNA damage, and several types of CMC in all tested concentrations on A. lacustris. Notably, analyses were significant (p<0.05) for all concentrations, except in the frequency mean of MN at 3.7 µg/L. Thus, considering the intensive use of commercial glyphosate formulations in crops, the herbicide Templo® represents a potential risk of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for aquatic organisms. Therefore, environmental protection agencies must review regulations for glyphosate-based herbicides in freshwater environments.
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Balini LC, Fernandes CA, Portela-Castro ALDB, Melo RFD, Zawadzki CH, Borin-Carvalho LA. Initial Steps of XY Sex Chromosome Differentiation in the Armored Catfish Hypostomus albopunctatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) Revealed by Heterochromatin Accumulation. Zebrafish 2024; 21:265-273. [PMID: 38386543 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In fish species, heterochromatinization is one process that could trigger sex chromosome differentiation. The present article describes a nascent XX/XY sex chromosome system evidenced by heterochromatin accumulation and microsatellite (GATA)8 in Hypostomus albopunctatus from two populations of the Paraná River basin. The specimens of H. albopunctatus from the Campo and Bossi Rivers share the same karyotype. The species exhibits 74 chromosomes (8m+14sm +16st +36a, fundamental number = 112). The C-banding technique suggests male heterogamety in H. albopunctatus, where the Y-chromosome is morphologically like the X-chromosome but differs from it for having long arms that are entirely heterochromatic. Double fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S and 5S rDNA probes confirmed the Ag-nucleolus organizer region sites in a single pair for both populations, and minor rDNA clusters showed interpopulational variation. FISH with the microsatellite (GATA)8 probe showed a dispersed pattern in the karyotype, accumulating these sequences of sex chromosomes of both populations. FISH with microsatellite (CGC)10 probe showed interpopulational variation. The absence of differentiated sex chromosomes in H. albopunctatus is described previously, and a new variant is documented herein where XY chromosomes can be seen in an early stage of differentiation.
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Barbieri PA, Lupepsa L, Paupitz BR, de Andrade CO, Gigliolli AAS, de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Ribeiro RP, Fernandes CA, Borin-Carvalho LA. Erythrocyte alterations in specimens of Danio rerio caused by exposure to metformin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104373. [PMID: 38244880 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin is widely prescribed around the world. However, its permanence in different environmental concentrations has been associated with adverse toxicological effects in organisms that do not target its therapeutic action. In the aquatic environment, fish such as the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been considered potential bioindicators of environmental impacts and used as experimental models in toxicological studies due to the sensitivity of these species to different types of contaminants, including pharmaceuticals. Thus, this study aimed to analyze metformin's cytotoxic effects on Danio rerio erythrocytes. The animals were submitted to different concentrations of the drug (50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, 150 µg/L, and 10000 µg/L) for 365 days and subsequently observed employing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the alterations that occurred. Exposure of animals to metformin led to significant erythrocyte cell abnormalities across all tested concentrations, with a particularly pronounced effect at the higher concentration previously defined as the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration). Remarkable abnormalities included cytoplasmic vacuoles, echinocytes, and vesicle-like cytoplasmic fragments. These findings suggest that metformin, even at concentrations similar to those found in nature and at the NOEC level, exhibits cytotoxic potential in D. rerio, raising concerns about its potential health impacts.
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de Araújo L, Ramos LI, Vieira MMDR, Oliveira AVD, Portela-Castro ALDB, Borin-Carvalho LA, Fernandes CA. Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of Eigenmannia aff. desantanai (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): A First Report of System of Sex Chromosomes ZW 1W 2/ZZ in Gymnotiformes. Zebrafish 2023; 20:77-85. [PMID: 36930749 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gymnotiformes a monophyletic group of fish endemic to the Neotropics, represent an important component of the freshwater ichthyofauna that presents relevant taxonomic problems. Thus, in view of the morphological complexity involving Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes) fish species, this study aimed to characterize Eigenmannia aff. desantanai of the upper Paraguay River basin through cytogenetic and molecular analyses, to help in the correct identification and delimitation of species. This study reports a multiple sex system of the type ZW1W2/ZZ, with 2n = 31 for females and 2n = 30 for males. A single pair of chromosomes carrying the nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) was detected. The heterochromatin was colocated in NOR sites and mainly located in the centromeric regions of chromosomes. Besides that, individual sequences COI from the specimens of E. aff. desantanai were obtained, totalizing three haplotypes. The distance p between the haplotypes in E. aff. desantanai, ranged from 0.2% to 7.1%. Species delimitation tests indicated the existence of two possible operational taxonomic units of E. aff. desantanai. Thus, this study reports a new multiple sex system in Gymnotiformes and these specimens previously identified as E. aff. desantanai may belong to two distinct species.
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Barbieri PA, Mari-Ribeiro IP, Lupepsa L, Gigliolli AAS, Paupitz BR, de Melo RF, de Souza Leite Mello EV, de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Borin-Carvalho LA. Metformin-induced alterations in gills of the freshwater fish Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) detected by histological and scanning electron microscopy. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1205-1216. [PMID: 36042120 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin is widely prescribed and found in different concentrations in the environment around the world, raising concern about potential impacts on aquatic life. Analyses of the effects of exposure of biological models to aquatic contaminants are important for assessing pollution effects on fish health. The gills of fishes represent primary targets of disturbance by pollutants, mainly because of the large surface of the respiratory epithelium and the high perfusion rate, which both help the entry of pollutants into this tissue. In this context, the aim of this work was to use gill histological analyses biomarkers to evaluate the toxicity of metformin on aquatic environmental systems, by means of chronic exposure for 90 days of Astyanax lacustris (lambari), an ecologically important neotropical species that can be used as an environmental bioindicator. Histopathological analyses were performed using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The main changes were lamellar fusion, telangiectasia hyperplasia and disappearance of microridges. The morphological changes observed possibly interfere with the gill physiology, indicating an unfavorable situation to the presence of metformin in the water, pointing to a concern that metformin may pose a risk to Astyanax lacustris and likely to other fish species, compromising the dynamics of the aquatic ecosystem as a whole. Graphical abstract.
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Mari-Ribeiro IP, Scorsim B, Oliveira AVD, Portela-Castro ALDB. Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of Oligosarcus pintoi (Characidae): A New Record of Supernumerary Chromosome in this Species. Zebrafish 2022; 19:71-80. [PMID: 35394373 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Oligosarcus currently comprises 24 valid species distributed in the major river basins of South America. In this group, nine species were cytogenetically investigated, and found to share a diploid number of 50 chromosomes. Despite the conservation of the diploid number, variations in the karyotypic formula, number and position of the nucleolar organizer regions, and longitudinal bands have been described between both species and populations. In this study, we present cytogenetic and molecular data from Oligosarcus pintoi specimens from the Keller River, a tributary of the Ivaí River (Upper Paraná basin), using DNA barcoding and cytogenetic markers (C-band, silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions, and fluorescence in situ hybridization of 18S and 5S rDNA). The genetic inferences reached after analyzing the cytochrome c oxidade subunit 1 gene allowed us to confirm the identity of the individuals with 2n = 50 chromosomes. However, one specimen contained a medium subtelocentric supernumerary chromosome (2n = 51). This is the second record of additional chromosomes in O. pintoi, thereby confirming the existence of a supernumerary chromosome in allopatric populations of this species, a fact that demonstrates an evolutionary path that is divergent from other populations and/or species of Oligosarcus analyzed so far, contributing to the karyotypic diversification of the group.
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Ambrosio-Albuquerque EP, Cusioli LF, Bergamasco R, Sinópolis Gigliolli AA, Lupepsa L, Paupitz BR, Barbieri PA, Borin-Carvalho LA, de Brito Portela-Castro AL. Metformin environmental exposure: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103588. [PMID: 33460803 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review discussed the occurrence, ecological impacts, and effects of metformin, a drug used for type 2 diabetes among other diseases. It is one of the most commonly found medicines in aquatic environments owing to its incomplete metabolism in the human body, and is eventually disposed in wastewater. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed as a guide. After searching various databases, 48 eligible studies were selected for the review. Metformin reportedly occurs in different environmental matrices, as measurable concentrations of metformin are found in sewage (urban and hospital), influent/sludge/effluent from wastewater treatment plants, surface water (rivers, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and non-specific sources), tap/drinking water, and sediment (lake and recipient seawaters). Data on metformin detection in aquatic environments in 14 countries were studied, but a consensus on the risk patterns of pharmaceutical products was not determined. Many studies have been conducted on different test organisms, demonstrating that metformin can drive the expression of diverse genes, particularly those responsible for endocrine hormone pathways. Chronic exposure to metformin can be tested using models and other tools to understand this field, which remains largely unexplored. Our results contribute to the current ecotoxicology knowledge related to typically used drugs and provide a basis for further investigations.
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Zafra-Lemos L, Cusioli LF, Bergamasco R, Borin-Carvalho LA, Portela-Castro ALDB. Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae) and the potential for its removal from contaminated water using a biosorbent. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503335. [PMID: 33865541 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on specimens of Astyanax lacustris were evaluated using different biomarkers. Additionally, this study evaluated the efficiency of an activated carbon filter made from the husks green coconut, which was used as a biosorbent to remove 2,4-D dissolved in the water, and the potential effectiveness of this procedure for the reduction of the toxic effects of this compound on A. lacustris. Three sublethal concentrations of 2,4-D (10, 20, and 40 mg L-1) were tested over 24, 48, and 72 h, and their effects on Astyanax lacustris were evaluated using chromosomal aberration test, the mitotic index, the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear alterations, and the comet assay. Exposure to 2,4-D increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, reduced the mitotic index, and caused significant levels of nuclear modification in some of the treatments, in comparison with the negative control. The comet assay revealed DNA damage (classes 1-3) at all 2,4-D concentrations, reaching significant levels in the 20 mg L-1 (48 h) and 40 mg L-1 (72 h) treatments. The coconut husk biosorbent was highly effective for the removal of 2,4-D and the fish exposed to the water decontaminated by this filter had low levels of cellular alteration. The findings of the present study demonstrated, for the first time, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 2,4-D in Astyanax lacustris, as well as suggests the potential application of a biosorbent for the effective decontamination of water contaminated with pesticides.
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Fernandes CA, Paiz LM, Piscor D, Gavazzoni M, Carvalho LABD, Portela-Castro ALDB, Margarido VP. Chromosomal Diversity in Two Allopatric Populations of Farlowella hahni Meinken 1937 (Teleostei: Siluriformes): Cytogenetics and Cytochrome b Analyses. Zebrafish 2021; 18:66-72. [PMID: 33538653 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Farlowella is the second richest genus in Loricariinae, broadly distributed in freshwater streams and rivers of South America. In this article, we aimed to expand on the cytogenetic and molecular data available for two allopatric populations of Farlowella hahni. Both populations had diploid chromosome number 58, but with karyotype differences, indicative of chromosomal rearrangements. C-banding showed large heterochromatic blocks at telomeric regions in acrocentric chromosomes in both populations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a single 18S rDNA site in both populations and a single 5S rDNA site for individuals from lower Paraná River basin (native region) and multiple 5S rDNA sites for individuals from upper Paraná River basin (non-native region). Mitochondrial sequence analyses did not separate the two F. hahni populations. The cytogenetic and molecular data obtained are relevant in a preliminary study and suggested the existence of cryptic diversity and the hypothesis that at least two Farlowella lineages may coexist in the Paraná basin.
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de Oliveira LC, Ribeiro MO, Costa GDM, Zawadzki CH, Prizon-Nakajima AC, Borin-Carvalho LA, Martins-Santos IC, Portela-Castro ALDB. Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus soniae Hollanda-Carvalho & Weber, 2004 from the Teles Pires River, southern Amazon basin: evidence of an early stage of an XX/XY sex chromosome system. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2019; 13:411-422. [PMID: 31867090 PMCID: PMC6920219 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v13i4.36205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed individuals of Hypostomus soniae (Loricariidae) collected from the Teles Pires River, southern Amazon basin, Brazil. Hypostomus soniae has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 64 and a karyotype composed of 12 metacentric (m), 22 submetacentric (sm), 14 subtelocentric (st), and 16 acrocentric (a) chromosomes, with a structural difference between the chromosomes of the two sexes: the presence of a block of heterochromatin in sm pair No. 26, which appears to represent a putative initial stage of the differentiation of an XX/XY sex chromosome system. This chromosome, which had a heterochromatin block, and was designated proto-Y (pY), varied in the length of the long arm (q) in comparison with its homolog, resulting from the addition of constitutive heterochromatin. It is further distinguished by the presence of major ribosomal cistrons in a subterminal position of the long arm (q). The Nucleolus Organizer Region (NOR) had different phenotypes among the H. soniae individuals in terms of the number of Ag-NORs and 18S rDNA sites. The origin, distribution and maintenance of the chromosomal polymorphism found in H. soniae reinforced the hypothesis of the existence of a proto-Y chromosome, demonstrating the rise of an XX/XY sex chromosome system.
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Ferreira GEDB, Barbosa LM, Prizon-Nakajima AC, de Paiva S, Vieira MMDR, Gallo RB, Borin-Carvalho LA, da Rosa R, wadzki CHZ, dos Santos ICM, Portela-Castro ALDB. Constitutive heterochromatin heteromorphism in the Neotropical armored catfish Hypostomusregani (Ihering, 1905) (Loricariidae, Hypostominae) from the Paraguay River basin (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2019; 13:27-39. [PMID: 30788061 PMCID: PMC6379321 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v13i1.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cytogenetic analysis based on the integration of a number of different chromosomal methodologies, including chromosome microdissection was carried out to characterize the chromosomally polymorphic Hypostomusregani population from the Paraguay River basin, state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. All specimens had 2n=72 (FN=116) but two distinct karyotype formulas: karyomorph A (12m+14sm+18s+28a) and karyomorph B (13m+14sm+17st+28a). Karyomorph A and B differed only for pair 19 that consisted of two subtelocentrics in karyomorph A and a large metacentric and a subtelocentric in karyomorph B. This heteromorphism was due to extensive heterochromatinization of the short arm of the large metacentric, as highlighted by C-banding. The microdissection of the large metacentric of pair 19 allowed the production of a probe, named HrV (Hypostomusregani Variant), that hybridized to the whole p arm of the large metacentric and the pericentromeric region of the short arm of its (subtelocentric) homologue (karyomorph B) and of both homologs of pair 19 in karyomorph A. Additional cytogenetic techniques (FISH with 18S and 5S rDNA probes, CMA3 and DAPI staining) allowed a finer distinction of the two karyomorphs. These results reinforced the hypothesis that the novel large metacentric of H.regani (karyomorph B) was the result of the amplification of heterochromatin segments, which contributed to karyotypic diversification in this species.
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Prizon AC, Bruschi DP, Gazolla CB, Borin-Carvalho LA, Portela-Castro ALDB. Chromosome Spreading of the Retrotransposable Rex-3 Element and Microsatellite Repeats in Karyotypes of the Ancistrus Populations. Zebrafish 2018; 15:504-514. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Mari IP, Gigliolli AAS, Nanya S, Portela-Castro ALDB. Histological and electron microscopy observations on the testis and spermatogenesis of the butterfly Dione juno (Cramer, 1779) and Agraulis vanillae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Micron 2018; 109:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Baumgärtner L, Paiz LM, Takagui FH, Lui RL, Moreira-Filho O, Giuliano-Caetano L, Portela-Castro ALDB, Margarido VP. Comparative Cytogenetics Analysis on Five Genera of Thorny Catfish (Siluriformes, Doradidae): Chromosome Review in the Family and Inferences About Chromosomal Evolution Integrated with Phylogenetic Proposals. Zebrafish 2018; 15:270-278. [PMID: 29653070 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Doradidae has been a target of phylogenetic studies over the last few years, but chromosomal information about the family is still scarce. Therefore, new cytogenetic data are provided herein and they are correlated with phylogenetic proposals to contribute to the knowledge of chromosomal evolution within doradids. Cytogenetic studies were performed on Trachydoras paraguayensis, Anadoras sp. "araguaia," Ossancora eigenmanni, Platydoras armatulus, and Rhinodoras dorbignyi. O. eigenmanni, P. armatulus, and R. dorbignyi had 2n = 58 chromosomes as found for most doradids, but T. paraguayensis and Anadoras sp. "araguaia" had 2n = 56 chromosomes, probably caused by a chromosomal reduction. There is a great maintenance of 2n = 58 verified in doradids, but karyotype formulas are diverse. Moreover, other markers (i.e., nucleolar organizer regions, heterochromatin distribution, and 5S and 18S rDNA) showed a great diversity among the analyzed species. Contrasting the variability in the chromosomal markers with the maintenance of diploid number, it is likely that inversions and translocations played an important role in chromosome differentiation in Doradidae. Herein, we created an integrative discussion linking cytogenetic data to phylogenetic proposals, based on morphological and genetic features, enabling us to identify possible cytogenetic traits, as well as probable chromosomal plesiomorphy and apomorphy of Doradidae species.
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Fernandes CA, Baumgärtner L, Paiz LM, Margarido VP, de Brito Portela-Castro AL. Chromosomal characteristics of rDNA in a conserved karyotype of two Sternopygus macrurus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) populations from upper Paraná River basin. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lara Kamei MCDS, Baumgärtner L, Paiva S, Zawadzki CH, Martins-Santos IC, Portela-Castro ALDB. Chromosomal Diversity of Three Species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), from the Paraná River Basin, Brazil: A Species Complex in Hypostomus ancistroides Reinforced by a ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosome System. Zebrafish 2017; 14:357-363. [PMID: 28609254 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypostomus shows wide morphological patterns, corroborated by great chromosomal diversity that has suggested the existence of new species, especially from small tributaries. Cytogenetic analysis has contributed to estimate a cryptic diversity providing important data for taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Cytogenetic techniques were carried out on species from a small tributary of Ivaí River, Keller River (upper Paraná River basin): Hypostomus aff. ancistroides, Hypostomus topavae, and Hypostomus aff. hermanni that presented 2n = 68, 80, and 72 chromosomes, respectively. Each species showed the same diploid number from previous descriptions for other populations but different karyotype formulas, and Hypostomus aff. ancistroides had a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. Multiple NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) and pericentromeric heterochromatin blocks were found in the three species. Moreover, each of them showed species-specific heterochromatins. Multiple 5S rDNA sites were detected in Hypostomus aff. ancistroides and H. topavae, whereas Hypostomus aff. hermanni had only one pair bearing these sites. In addition to the divergence in the karyotype formulas, chromosomal markers used showed karyotype differences in the three species related to other respective populations studied. Furthermore, the first description of a ZZ/ZW system for Hypostomus aff. ancistroides reinforces the hypothesis that it may correspond to a species complex and yet, confirming an unknown cryptic diversity existent in small rivers.
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Bulla LMC, Polonio JC, Portela-Castro ALDB, Kava V, Azevedo JL, Pamphile JA. Activity of the endophytic fungi Phlebia sp. and Paecilomyces formosus in decolourisation and the reduction of reactive dyes' cytotoxicity in fish erythrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:88. [PMID: 28144871 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates the potential for discolouration and degradation of Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Black 5 textile dyes by endophytic fungi Phlebia sp. and Paecilomyces formosus as well as the potential cytotoxicity of products or by-products generated by the treatments in fish erythrocytes. It was observed at 30 days that both endophytes showed biodegradation activity with 0.1 g mL-1 of dyes. P. formosus showed highest extracellular and intracellular protein content levels after the 15th day, and Phlebia sp. stands out for production of extracellular laccase, indicating that this enzyme may be associated with the decolouration capacity. The dyes showed toxic effects in fishes at 0.01 g mL-1 concentration, resulting in the appearance of micronuclei in erythrocyte cells. When degraded dyes treated by endophytes were tested, the frequency of micronuclei reduced approximately 20%, indicating the effectiveness of these endophytic in the treatment of textile dyes with less environmental impact, thus indicating a potential for application of these fungi in bioremediation process.
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Prizon AC, Borin-Carvalho LA, Bruschi DP, Ribeiro MO, Barbosa LM, Ferreira GEDB, Cius A, Zawadzki CH, Portela-Castro ALDB. Cytogenetic data on Ancistrus sp. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) of the Paraguay River basin (MS) sheds light on intrageneric karyotype diversification. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2016; 10:625-636. [PMID: 28123683 PMCID: PMC5240514 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i4.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ancistrus Kner, 1854 is a diverse catfish genus, currently comprising 66 valid species, but karyotype data were recorded for 33 species, although only ten have their taxonomic status defined. Considerable karyotype diversity has been found within this genus, with 2n varying from 34 to 54 and structural variability including heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In many cases, uncertainty on the taxonomic status of the study populations hampers reliable interpretation of the complex chromosomal evolutionary history of the group. This study aims to present the first karyotype data for a population of the Ancistrus sp. collected in Criminoso stream (tributary of the Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) in which a combination of different chromosomal markers was used and results integrated in broad discussion on karyotype evolution in the genus. The specimens presented 2n=42 with 18m+16sm+8st and a single NOR revealed by silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe, located in pair No. 10. Clusters of 5S rDNA were located in the pericentromeric region of three chromosomes: pair No. 1 (metacentric) and one of the homologues of the nucleolar pair No. 10. Heterogeneity in the molecular composition of the heterochromatin was confirmed by the association of C-banding and fluorochrome CMA3/DAPI-staining. Exploring the differential composition of constitutive heterochromatin in Ancistrus may provide an important perspective to understand genome organization and evolution within this group. Our data reinforce the chromosomal diversity present in Ancistrus genus and we discuss the potential sources these variation. The karyotype structure of Ancistrus sp. "Criminoso stream" appears to be consistent with the existence of a new candidate species.
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Porto FE, de Rossi Vieira MM, Barbosa LM, Borin-Carvalho LA, Vicari MR, de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Martins-Santos IC. Chromosomal Polymorphism in Rineloricaria Lanceolata Günther, 1868 (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) of the Paraguay Basin (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil): Evidence of Fusions and Their Consequences in the Population. Zebrafish 2014; 11:318-24. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mendes VP, Portela-Castro ALDB, Júlio-Júnior HF. First record of supernumerary (B) chromosomes in electric fish (Gymnotiformes) and the karyotype structure of three species of the same order from the upper Paraná River basin. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:1-16. [PMID: 24260648 PMCID: PMC3833772 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies were performed on the species Apteronotus prope albifrons Linnaeus, 1766, Rhamphichthys hahni Meinken, 1937 and Brachyhypopomus gauderio Giora & Malabarba, 2009, collected in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Porto Rico (PR), Brazil. Apteronotus prope albifrons showed a diploid number of 2n=24 chromosomes for both sexes and a karyotype formula of 14m+2sm+2st+6a (FN=42). Besides the standard karyotype, three specimens had one to three extra microchromosomes with inter- and intra-individual variations, which suggested the occurrence of B chromosomes in the species. The chromosomal data of Rhamphichthys hahni, described here for the first time, consists of 50 chromosomes and a formula comprised of 20m+24sm+6a (FN=94). Brachyhypopomus gauderio specimens demonstrated 2n=42 chromosomes infemales, all acrocentric, and 2n=41 chromosomes in males, with 40 acrocentric and 1 medium-sized metacentric chromosome. These differences concern with a multiple system of sexchromosome determination X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y (FN=42) in Brachyhypopomus gauderio. The analysis of nucleolar organizer regions by Ag-NOR and FISH 18S banding revealed a simple NOR system in Apteronotus prope albifrons and Rhamphichthys hahni and a multiple NOR system in Brachyhypopomus gauderio, that is unusual for Gymnotiformes fishes. Constitutive heterochromatin was mainly found in the pericentromere region in most of the chromosomes of the three species, although each species had its own peculiarities. The B chromosomes in Apteronotus prope albifrons demonstrated heterochromatin positioned in the centromeric and telomeric regions whereas Rhamphichthys hahni presented conspicuous blocks of heterochromatin on the long arms in three submetacentric pairs. Brachyhypopomus gauderio showed blocks of heterochromatin on the long arm in the interstitial and telomere positions. The finding of B chromosomes in Apteronotus prope albifrons represents the first description of these elements in the Gymnotiformes order. Although the karyotype of this species is similar with that described for populations in the Amazon basin, the presence of B chromosomes could represent a specific characteristic of this population. A comparative analysis of karyotypes of Rhamphichthys hahni with other species of the genus showed a relatively conservative structure suggesting 2n=50 as a common number in this group. The karyotype of Brachyhypopomus gauderio, a new species, provides an important reference for future chromosome studies of the Brachyhypopmus Mago-Lecia, 1994, and it might be also significant for cytotaxonomy in this group. The cytogenetic data also demonstrate the need of more comparative cytogenetic studies in the families of the highly diversified and taxonomically difficult complex Gymnotiformes.
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de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Julio HF, Dos Santos ICM, Pavanelli CS. Occurrence of two cytotypes in Bryconamericus aff. iheringii (Characidae): karyotype analysis by C- and G-banding and replication bands. Genetica 2007; 133:113-8. [PMID: 17694393 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analyses of Bryconamericus aff. iheringii specimens from the upper Paraná River basin (State of Paraná, Brazil) are provided. They had 2n = 52 chromosomes and two cytotypes with variations in their karyotypic formulae: cytotype I with 12 metacentric, 18 submetacentric, 8 subtelocentric and 14 acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN) of 90; cytotype II with 8 metacentric, 28 submetacentric, 6 subtelocentric and 10 acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN) of 94. Differences in C- and G-band patterns between the cytotypes, distinguishing marker chromosomes for each karyotype, were reported. The R-band pattern by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was obtained in chromosomes of the cytotype II sample. In some metaphases, the second pair of submetacentric chromosomes is distinctive: its short arm is heterochromatic (positive C-band), corresponding to a late replication region. In the same cytotype, a G- and R-band size heteromorphism w as recorded in the long arm of pair 9 (submetacentric). These methodologies revealed an actual karyotypic differentiation in the B. aff. iheringii population analyzed. Morphometrical comparative analyses and a discussion of evolutionary aspects of chromosome diversification in species of this genus are provided as well.
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Fazoli LC, Silva VDABD, Portela-Castro ALDB, Júlio Júnior HF. Chromosome Characterization of Astyanax sp B (Characidae, Tetragonopterinae), an Endemic Species of the Iguaçu River, Paraná, Brazil. CYTOLOGIA 2003. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.68.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Júlio Júnior HF. Karyotype Relationships among Species of Subfamily Tetragonopterinae(Pisces, Characidae): Cytotaxonomy and Evolution Aspects. CYTOLOGIA 2002. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.67.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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