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Santander-Gordon D, Iturralde GA, Freire-Paspuel B, Zambrano-Mila MS, Morales-Jadan D, Vallejo-Janeta PA, Coronel B, Galvis H, Jaramillo-Vivanco T, Bilvao CD, Paredes-Espinosa MB, Rodriguez AS, Laglaguano JC, Herrera H, Tito-Alvarez AM, Ortiz-Prado E, Rivera-Olivero IA, Henriquez-Trujillo AR, Lozada T, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. Crucial contribution of the universities to SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in Ecuador: Lessons for developing countries. One Health 2021; 13:100267. [PMID: 34056057 PMCID: PMC8146272 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health systems worldwide, particularly affecting developing countries in Latin America like Ecuador. In this report, we exposed the fundamental role of the Ecuadorian universities to improve COVID-19 surveillance in the country, with an overall contribution over 15% of the total SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests done. We highlight the role of our university during the first semester of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to a massive free SARS-CoV-2 testing up to almost 10% of the total diagnosis completed in the country, mainly focus on underserved urban, rural and indigenous communities. Finally, we described our contribution to a high quality and low-cost SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR diagnostic in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Santander-Gordon
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel A. Iturralde
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Byron Freire-Paspuel
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marlon S. Zambrano-Mila
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana Morales-Jadan
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paolo A. Vallejo-Janeta
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Barbara Coronel
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Heberson Galvis
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Jaramillo-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Christian D. Bilvao
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maria Belen Paredes-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Angel S. Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan C. Laglaguano
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Henry Herrera
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana M. Tito-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Tannya Lozada
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Acuña-Alonzo V, Flores-Dorantes T, Kruit JK, Villarreal-Molina T, Arellano-Campos O, Hünemeier T, Moreno-Estrada A, Ortiz-López MG, Villamil-Ramírez H, León-Mimila P, Villalobos-Comparan M, Jacobo-Albavera L, Ramírez-Jiménez S, Sikora M, Zhang LH, Pape TD, Granados-Silvestre MDA, Montufar-Robles I, Tito-Alvarez AM, Zurita-Salinas C, Bustos-Arriaga J, Cedillo-Barrón L, Gómez-Trejo C, Barquera-Lozano R, Vieira-Filho JP, Granados J, Romero-Hidalgo S, Huertas-Vázquez A, González-Martín A, Gorostiza A, Bonatto SL, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Wang L, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Lisker R, Moises RS, Menjivar M, Salzano FM, Knowler WC, Bortolini MC, Hayden MR, Baier LJ, Canizales-Quinteros S. A functional ABCA1 gene variant is associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels and shows evidence of positive selection in Native Americans. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2877-85. [PMID: 20418488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the higher susceptibility of Hispanics to metabolic disease is related to their Native American heritage. A frequent cholesterol transporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) gene variant (R230C, rs9282541) apparently exclusive to Native American individuals was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, obesity and type 2 diabetes in Mexican Mestizos. We performed a more extensive analysis of this variant in 4405 Native Americans and 863 individuals from other ethnic groups to investigate genetic evidence of positive selection, to assess its functional effect in vitro and to explore associations with HDL-C levels and other metabolic traits. The C230 allele was found in 29 of 36 Native American groups, but not in European, Asian or African individuals. C230 was observed on a single haplotype, and C230-bearing chromosomes showed longer relative haplotype extension compared with other haplotypes in the Americas. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphism data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel Native American populations were enriched in significant integrated haplotype score values in the region upstream of the ABCA1 gene. Cells expressing the C230 allele showed a 27% cholesterol efflux reduction (P< 0.001), confirming this variant has a functional effect in vitro. Moreover, the C230 allele was associated with lower HDL-C levels (P = 1.77 x 10(-11)) and with higher body mass index (P = 0.0001) in the combined analysis of Native American populations. This is the first report of a common functional variant exclusive to Native American and descent populations, which is a major determinant of HDL-C levels and may have contributed to the adaptive evolution of Native American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Acuña-Alonzo
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
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